1、宾语从句The Object Clause!一一. .宾语从句的定义宾语从句的定义：! 宾语从句在宾语从句在复合句复合句中起中起宾语宾语的作用，可以作的作用，可以作动词动词的宾语，也可以做的宾语，也可以做介词介词的宾语的宾语!宾语从句的语序是宾语从句的语序是陈述句陈述句语序语序!作动词的宾语作动词的宾语: ! ! I heard that he would come here later on.! !作介词的宾语作介词的宾语: !He said nothing about who broke the window last night. !主语主语 he!谓语动词谓语动词 said!代词作动词
2、的宾语代词作动词的宾语 nothing !介词介词about!一个句子作介词的宾语一个句子作介词的宾语 who broke the window last night!二、二、宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法：!在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：!连词：连词：that (that 常可省略常可省略),whether, if!代词：代词：who, whose, what ,which!副词：副词：when ,where, how, why 等。等。!I. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以
3、省略）可以省略）!that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接作用在从句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接作用!可跟可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：从句做宾语的动词有：!say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, dec
4、lare, report等。等。! !eg. The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.!在以下情况中在以下情况中that不能省略不能省略!1、当句中的动词后接、当句中的动词后接多于两个多于两个由由that引导的宾引导的宾语从句时，第一个语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的可省，但后面的that不可不可省。省。! I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better !2、当主句的谓语动词与、当主句的谓语动词与t
5、hat宾语从句之间宾语从句之间有插有插入语时入语时，that一般不可省。一般不可省。!Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. !3、当、当that从句是从句是双宾语双宾语中的中的直接宾语直接宾语时，时，that不可省。不可省。!I cant tell him that his mother died. !可接双宾语的动词：可接双宾语的动词：give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand,
6、leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等等 4、当当it作形式宾语时作形式宾语时 She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him!5、当当that做做!learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,!prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾等动词的宾语时语时; !II.由由whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句!当当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用，用if或或
7、whether引导，意为引导，意为“是否是否”。如：。如：!I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years!我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。!但在下列情况下只能用但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用，不能用if：!在具有在具有选择选择意义，又有意义，又有or或或or not时，尤其是时，尤其是直接与直接与or not连用时，连用时，往往用往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。也可以使用）。!Let me know whether if he will com
8、e or not让我知道他是否能来。让我知道他是否能来。Let me know whether or not he will come!I dont know whether if he does any washing or not!I dont know whether or not he does any washing!我不知道他洗不洗衣服。我不知道他洗不洗衣服。!在介词之后用在介词之后用whether。如：。如：!Im interested in whether he likes English!我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。!Were thinking abo
9、ut whether we can finish the work on time!我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。!在不定式前用在不定式前用whether。如：。如：!He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。!He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。去。!whether置于句首时，不能换用置于句首时，不能换用if。如：。
10、如：!Whether this is true or not，I cant say!这是否真的我说不上来。这是否真的我说不上来。!引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：。如：!Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。她是否能来还是个问题。!若用若用if会引起歧义时，则用会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：。如：!Please let me know if you like the book可理解可理解为：为：!bIf you like the book，please let m
11、e know你你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我!只能用只能用if不能用不能用whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句!1、if引导条件状语从句，意为引导条件状语从句，意为“如果如果”!The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. !2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时引导否定概念的宾语从句时!He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. !3、引导状语从句、引导状语从句even if（即使）和（即使）和as if（好象）（好象）时时!He talks as if he has kn
12、own all about it. !III.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句!这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。!连接代词：连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语!The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.!这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.!连接副词有：连
13、接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担，在句中担任状语的成分任状语的成分!None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. !没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.practice!(1) I dont know _or not.!A. whether he is at home !B. if he is at home!C. that he is at home !D. whether is he at home!(2) This depends on _ the weather
14、is fine.!A. which !B. whether !C. if !D. that!(3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.!A. which B. where! C. if D. that!(4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.!A. why B. when !C. how D. where!（5）There is not much difference between the two. I r
15、eally dont know _.!A. what should I choose! B. which I should choose!C. which should I choose! D. what I should choose!（6）Are you interested in _?!A. how did he do it !B. he did it how !C. how he did it !D. he how did it!（7）I dont know _. Can you tell me?!A. how the two players are old! B. how old a
16、re the two players!C. the two players are how old !D. how old the two players are!（8）She asked Tom _ with his car?!A. what the matter was !B. what the matter is!C. what was the matter! D. what is the matter!三、三、宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态!1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。任何时态。!The headmaster hopes e
17、verything goes well. !The headmaster hopes 主句一般现在时主句一般现在时!that everything goes well.从句一般现在时从句一般现在时!2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。的某种形式。!She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. !3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时时，自然状况等，自然状况等，即使主句是过去时，从句也，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。用一般现在时态
18、。!The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. Practice II! The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.!A. is B. was !C. has been D. will be !Our father said that he _ a new computer next week.!A. will buy B. have bought !C. would buy D. buys !I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday.!A. goes B. will go !C. went D. have gone!The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.!A. goes B. go! C. went D. will go
