1、Unit 5Working the LandUsing Language. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1. _ (化学的化学的) change2. _ (减轻减轻) the sufferings3. out of _ (贫穷贫穷)4. _(有机的有机的) farming5. a _ (分布广的分布广的, 流行的流行的)diseasechemicalalleviatepovertyorganicwidespread6. _(领会领会) the contents of the book7. smoking is _(禁止禁止)8. food is _(极其重要
2、的极其重要的) to life9. _ (可替代的可替代的)energy10. agree _(完全地完全地)digestprohibitedessentialalternativeentirely. 根据语境根据语境, 选词填空选词填空in addition, in turn, because of, as for, as well, for instance1. Ill do some reading for fun, and for knowledge _. 2. Theory is based on practice and _serves practice. as wellin tu
3、rn3. I met some friends and other acquaintances _. 4. _parents, nothing can be compared with their childrens physical and mental health. in additionAs for5. There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; _, training lions. 6. _the help you gave me that summer, my life changed. for instanceBecause
4、 of. 文本整体理解文本整体理解: 理清文章架构理清文章架构. 文本细节理解文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息探寻语篇细节信息1. Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming? A. They can fight crop disease and increase production. B. They harm both the land and peoples health. C. They can help produce rich soil. D. They are not expensive. 2
5、. What concerns many people about the use of pesticides? A. Pesticides can damage the land. B. Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time. C. Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects. D. Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer. 3. Why do organic farmers change the kind of cro
6、p grown in each field every few years? A. It helps put important minerals back into the ground. B. It can avoid damage to the environment. C. It can help increase output. D. The writer didnt tell us. 4. Why cant we stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely? A. Organic farming cost u
7、s a lot of money. B. Organic farming can meet peoples need. C. Chemical farming brought us huge profit. D. Chemical farming helps serve the need for food. 答案答案: 14. ADAD. 文本素养提升文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用阅读技能综合运用1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句译文译文: 为什么种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿为什么种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质放回地下物质放回地下, 使它
8、为下一批作物再次做好准备。使它为下一批作物再次做好准备。分析分析: 本句本句is前面是前面是why引导的主语从句引导的主语从句, is后面是后面是because引导的表语从句。主语从句和表语从句中的引导的表语从句。主语从句和表语从句中的语序都是陈述句语序。语序都是陈述句语序。making 在这里是动词在这里是动词-ing形式形式短语作结果状语。短语作结果状语。2. 课文概要填空课文概要填空With the development of society, chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in _ use in fa
9、rming for many years. They can help fight crop _ and increase production. However, they can cause many problems _. For instance, pesticides can kill _ bacteria andwidespreaddiseaseas wellhelpfulinsects and crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow _to be full of nutrition. As a result, many
10、 people worry they may make them ill and even cause cancer. To tackle this problem, farmers use natural waste as _ and they often change the kind of crop grown in each field every few years and they alsotoo fastfertiliserplant diverse crops that use different _ of soil to help keep it rich. But orga
11、nic farming is nowhere near able to _ the high demand for food. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a _ solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as _ as possible. depthsmeetsuitablehealthy3. 阅读主题活动阅读主题活动Talk about the following question
12、s in pairs, and share your ideas with your classmates. (1)What other disadvantages of chemical farming do you know? List as many as you can. _ _As the saying goes, “Each coin has two sides. ”Although Chemical farming serves us enough food,_they brought us too many problems as well. Firstly,they dest
13、royed the soil. . . (2)Do you have a good idea that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible? _In my opinion, we should. . . 1. widespread adj. 分布广的分布广的, 普遍的普遍的, 广泛的广泛的*Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespr
14、ead use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. 自自20世纪中叶以来世纪中叶以来, 化学杀虫剂和人工肥料在农业中化学杀虫剂和人工肥料在农业中被广泛使用。被广泛使用。*(2019浙江高考浙江高考)Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. Mclntyre和他的同事发现大树的广泛死
15、亡和他的同事发现大树的广泛死亡, 即使在禁即使在禁止砍伐和开发的野生土地上也很明显。止砍伐和开发的野生土地上也很明显。【词块积累【词块积累】(1)a widespread disease 流行病流行病in widespread use广泛应用广泛应用(2)widely adv. 广泛地广泛地, 大大地大大地*English is widely spoken in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。英语在世界上被广泛使用。【即学活用【即学活用】(1)The consequence of a rising sea level would be _(到处洪水泛滥到处洪水泛滥). (2)W
16、arm winter may cause a _(流流行病行病). widespread floodingwidespread disease(3) _(影响是广泛的影响是广泛的). More than 90% of Microsofts 2, 280 employees in Japan later said they were impacted by the new measures, according to the company. (4) _for the new proposals. 新提议获得了广泛的支持。新提议获得了广泛的支持。The effects were widespre
17、adThere is widespread support(5) _in some African countries. 在某些非洲国家食物短缺的情况很普遍。在某些非洲国家食物短缺的情况很普遍。Food shortages are widespread2. prohibit vt. 禁止禁止; 阻止阻止(prohibited, prohibited)*In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the
18、 environment. 事实上事实上, 一些杀虫剂一些杀虫剂, 如如DDT, 因为它们对人和环境造成因为它们对人和环境造成的损害的损害, 在大多数国家已经被禁止。在大多数国家已经被禁止。*(2017全国卷全国卷) The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. 那个教授是个失聪的人那个教授是个失聪的人, 并且任何交谈都受限制。并且任何交谈都受限制。【词块积累【词块积累】prohibit sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事【即学活用【即学活用】语法填空语法填空(1)Travel from or t
19、o Wuhan city should be _ (prohibit)before the spread of the novel coronavirus outbreak. (2)His small size prohibits him from _ (become) a policeman. prohibitedbecoming(3)Dr. King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us from _(sit) where we like. (4)So if you dont want yo
20、ur personal, yet _ (prohibit), belongings to land on next years Christmas tree, better check out the baggage requirements before you pack for your next flight. sittingprohibited3. essential adj. 完全必要的完全必要的; 极其重要的极其重要的*They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water tha
21、n essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well. 它们外表看起来可能很漂亮它们外表看起来可能很漂亮, 但里面通常含水比必需但里面通常含水比必需矿物质多矿物质多, 而且它们的味道也往往较淡。而且它们的味道也往往较淡。*(2019天津高考天津高考)History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will b
22、ecome. 历史不只是研究满是灰尘的古董和很久以前的事件。历史不只是研究满是灰尘的古董和很久以前的事件。它还是搞清楚我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要部它还是搞清楚我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要部分。分。*Food is essential to life. 食物对生命是必不可少的。食物对生命是必不可少的。【词块积累【词块积累】be essential to/for 对对很重要很重要It is essential that . . . (should) do. . . “做做是完全必要的是完全必要的”It is essential for sb. to do. . . “对某人来说做对某人来
23、说做是完全必要的是完全必要的”【即学活用【即学活用】(1)语法填空语法填空Sun and water are essential _ the growth of crops. It is essential for us _(set) our goal realistically. It is essential that you _(learn) Chinese history. toto set(should) learn(2) _you should come home early. 你有必要早点回家。你有必要早点回家。(3)A rich and varied cultural life
24、 _this couple. 丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。It is essential thatis essential for4. alternative n. 可供选择的事物可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的可供替代的, 非非传统的传统的*As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local gro
25、cery. 作为一个选择作为一个选择, 一些农民已经转向有机农业一些农民已经转向有机农业, 而且许多而且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向了有机食品。顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向了有机食品。【词块积累【词块积累】(1)have no alternative but (to do)除除(做做)外别无选择外别无选择(2)(同义词同义词)choice n. 选择选择, 选择权选择权make a choice做选择做选择have no choice but to do别无选择只好做别无选择只好做【即学活用【即学活用】(1)As there is less and less coal and oil, s
26、cientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ _(替代能源替代能源), such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. alternativeenergy(2)If you dont like the school lunch, you _ _bringing your own. 要是你不喜欢学校的午餐要是你不喜欢学校的午餐, 你可以自己带饭。你可以自己带饭。(3)Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he _abandon
27、his scheme. 在这四面楚歌的情况下在这四面楚歌的情况下, 他除了放弃他的计划没有别他除了放弃他的计划没有别的选择。的选择。havethe alternative ofhad no alternative but to(4)Vilnius Airport in Lithuania has unveiled its _ festive treemade entirely of items confiscated from passengers. 立陶宛的维尔纽斯机场的另类节日树亮相立陶宛的维尔纽斯机场的另类节日树亮相都是用都是用乘客那里没收的物品做成的。乘客那里没收的物品做成的。alte
28、rnative5. instance n. 例子例子, 实例实例, 事例事例*For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. 例如例如, 他们可以一年在田里种植玉米或小麦他们可以一年在田里种植玉米或小麦, 然后下一然后下一年在那里种植豆类。年在那里种植豆类。* (2019天津高考天津高考)Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few stron
29、g ones. 例如例如, 大多数食物网由许多薄弱链接组成大多数食物网由许多薄弱链接组成, 而不是几个而不是几个强有力的链接。强有力的链接。【词块积累【词块积累】for instance 例如例如in the first instance第一第一, 首先首先【即学活用【即学活用】语法填空语法填空(1)There are a number of improvements, _ instance, both mouse buttons can now be used. for(2)Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning
30、his daily routine. _(例如例如), allow him to choose what clothes he wears at the weekend. For instance6. depth n. 向下向下(或向里或向里)的距离的距离, 深深(度度)*Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 有机农民还种植不同的作物有机农民还种植不同的作物, 使用不同的土壤深度来使用不同的土壤深度来帮助保持其肥沃。帮助保持其肥沃。*(20
31、19全国卷全国卷)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. 您还需要判断动机的质量和深度。您还需要判断动机的质量和深度。【词块积累【词块积累】(1)in depth 完全地完全地, 深入地深入地(2)deep adj. 深的深的 adv. 深深地深深地(3)deeply adv. 深深地深深地, 强烈地强烈地(4)deepen v. (使使)变深变深, (使使)加深加深【即学活用【即学活用】(1)语法填空语法填空There isnt time to dig _(deep) and put in manure
32、 or compost. If you _ (deep) your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn more about it and become more interested in it. deeplydeepen(2) _, many things I did with my father still live. 在我记忆深处在我记忆深处, 我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。在。(3)This subject will be covered _next term. 这个话题将在
33、下学期深入讨论。这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。In the depths of my memoryin depth(4)On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached _ 7062 meters in the Pacific Ocean. 2012年年6月月27日日, “蛟龙蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋号潜入到太平洋7062米的深米的深度。度。a depthof【要点拾遗【要点拾遗】1. in turn 相应地相应地, 转而转而, 依次依次, 轮流轮流*This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the an
34、imals and humans who digest them. 这会影响在土地上种植的作物这会影响在土地上种植的作物, 进而影响消化它们的进而影响消化它们的动物和人类。动物和人类。*People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and in turn this creates further problems. 人们通过使用自己的小汽车努力去避免公共交通的延人们通过使用自己的小汽车努力去避免公共交通的延迟迟, 而这又反过来产生进一步的问题。而这又反过来产生进一步的问题。 【词块积累【词块积
35、累】 by turns 轮流轮流, 交替交替take turns轮流轮流, 依次依次【即学活用【即学活用】用含有用含有turn的词块填空的词块填空(1)There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke _. (2)Mary and Helen _at sitting up with their sick mother. in turntook turns(3)The book is, _, funny and very sad. (4)The girls took it _to wipe down the tables after me
36、als. by turnsin turn2. focus on/upon集中集中()于于, 聚焦聚焦()于于*Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. 有机农民注重通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和免于疾有机农民注重通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和免于疾病。病。*(2019全国卷全国卷)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the ho
37、ok for another season. 教练能够专注于孩子教练能够专注于孩子, 而其他父母则为能脱身去准备而其他父母则为能脱身去准备另一个赛季而松了一口气。另一个赛季而松了一口气。【即学活用【即学活用】语法填空语法填空(1)(2018全国卷全国卷)You will want to continue _ _ (focus) on positive choices. (2)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more _ its culture. tofocu
38、son(3)You should stop_(focus) on whom to blame and start focusing _ how to remedy the situation. focusingon3. in addition 另外另外, 此外此外*In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. 此外此外, 这些化学药品可长期停留在土壤和地下水源这些化学药品可长期停留在土壤和地下水源中。中。*(2019全国卷全国卷) In addit
39、ion, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 此外此外, 大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众的内容。大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众的内容。【词块积累【词块积累】 in addition to 除除之外之外(还还)additional adj. 另外的另外的【即学活用【即学活用】(1)语法填空语法填空_, well discuss the question of division of labour. In addition _ the awards themselves, there are al
40、so performances by famous artists at the ceremony. In additionto(2)(2017全国卷全国卷 )Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, _(除了除了) seasonal specials. in addition to(3) _reducing working hours, managers urged staff to cut down on the time they spent on meetings and responding to email
41、s. 除了缩短工作时间外除了缩短工作时间外, 经理还敦促员工减少开会和回经理还敦促员工减少开会和回复电子邮件的时间。复电子邮件的时间。In addition to4. as for 关于关于, 至于至于*As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. 至于化学肥料至于化学肥料, 用它们生长起来的作物通常生长得太用它们生长起来的作物通常生长得太快快, 营养不足。营养不足。*(2018全国卷全国卷) As for cherries (樱桃樱桃), th
42、ey are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in Vitamin C. 至于樱桃至于樱桃, 它们是如此美味它们是如此美味, 谁在乎呢谁在乎呢? 然而然而, 它们富它们富含维生素含维生素C。【词块积累【词块积累】 as for(用于介绍谈论的话题用于介绍谈论的话题)至于至于, 关于关于as to关于关于, 至于至于(=concerning)【即学活用【即学活用】(1)选词填空选词填空(as for/as to)_Laura and me, the color of our skin has never mattered. The d
43、ietitian was helpful, making suggestions _how I could improve my diet. As foras to(2) _well, he was very mysterious about it. 至于他的工作至于他的工作嗯嗯, 他总是显得非常神秘。他总是显得非常神秘。(3) _told to me in confidence, well, my lips are sealed. 至于私底下告诉我的任何事情至于私底下告诉我的任何事情, 那么那么, 我会守口如瓶我会守口如瓶的。的。As for his jobAs for anything【文
44、体感知【文体感知】如何写表达观点的文章如何写表达观点的文章高考英语应用文写作中高考英语应用文写作中, 发表观点发表观点, 议论情景是常议论情景是常见的书写手法。发表议论就是通过议论或说理来表达见的书写手法。发表议论就是通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张作者的见解和主张, 作者对某一问题持有一种看法作者对某一问题持有一种看法, 为了使读者同意自己的看法为了使读者同意自己的看法, 提出若干理由提出若干理由, 试图试图说服他人。说服他人。发表议论时发表议论时, 我们要注意三个要素我们要注意三个要素: 论点、论据、论论点、论据、论证。证。议论文的类型议论文的类型: 1. “一分为二一分为二”的观点的
45、观点: 从两方面去分析一个问题从两方面去分析一个问题, 然后然后阐述自己的观点。阐述自己的观点。2. “两者选一两者选一”的观点的观点: 分析两种食物的优劣势分析两种食物的优劣势, 阐述自阐述自己的观点。己的观点。3. “我认为我认为”型型: 阐述对某事物的客观看法。阐述对某事物的客观看法。4. “看图看图(表表)”作文作文: 通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。出一个结论或形成一种看法。如如: 我们要写一篇关于支持有机农业的议论文我们要写一篇关于支持有机农业的议论文, 需要注需要注意哪些方面呢意哪些方面呢? (1)说明、论述时要注意动词时态说明、
46、论述时要注意动词时态, 属于过去发生的用属于过去发生的用一般过去时一般过去时, 属于经常发生的应用一般现在时。属于经常发生的应用一般现在时。(2)句子结构要有变化句子结构要有变化, 不要总是用一个句型不要总是用一个句型“I am. . . and I agree. . . and I. . . ”(3)熟练掌握一些固定句型和表达方式。熟练掌握一些固定句型和表达方式。(4)熟练使用一些数据、百分比等作为观点的支撑。熟练使用一些数据、百分比等作为观点的支撑。(5)注意将作文的论据分层次展示注意将作文的论据分层次展示, 然后列举出相应的然后列举出相应的细节去支撑主要观点。一个中心论点通常有几个分论细
47、节去支撑主要观点。一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持点支持, 不同层次之间要分明不同层次之间要分明, 过度清晰自然。过度清晰自然。(6)观点要鲜明观点要鲜明, 一篇文章要有一个明确的中心论点。一篇文章要有一个明确的中心论点。最后一段总结最后一段总结, 得出结论。整篇文章语言要简洁有力得出结论。整篇文章语言要简洁有力, 一般不采用口语。一般不采用口语。【典题演练【典题演练】 关于有机农业和化学农业关于有机农业和化学农业, 你们班举行了一场辩论。你们班举行了一场辩论。请结合你们的讨论结果请结合你们的讨论结果, 写一篇支持有机农业的英语写一篇支持有机农业的英语作文作文, 词数不低于词数不低于80。注意
48、要点注意要点: 1. 化学农业的危害化学农业的危害; 2. 有机农业的优点及理由有机农业的优点及理由; 3. 讨论的结果和大家的期待讨论的结果和大家的期待; 4. 根据自己掌握的相关知识根据自己掌握的相关知识, 批判性地发表自己的批判性地发表自己的观点。观点。【谋篇立意【谋篇立意】【遣词造句【遣词造句】完成句子完成句子1. Chemical agriculture and organic agriculture _. 化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。are two key words2. There are _chemical agriculture and o
49、rganic agriculture. 关于化学农业和有机农业有各种观点。关于化学农业和有机农业有各种观点。various opinions about3. _the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. The vegetables grow _they contain little nutrition. 毫无疑问毫无疑问, 残留在农作物中的化学物质会导致癌症或残留在农作物中的化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。蔬菜生长得太快其他疾病。蔬菜生长得太快, 几乎没有营养。几乎没有营养。Ther
50、e is no doubt thatso fast that4. The first reason is that _, they attach great importance to health. The second reason is that organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, _. 第一个原因是第一个原因是, 随着人们越来越富裕随着人们越来越富裕, 他们非常重视健他们非常重视健康。第二个原因是有机农产品仅使用天然肥料康。第二个原因是有机农产品仅使用天然肥料, 使蔬使蔬菜和水果既美味又营养。菜和水果既美味又营养。as pe
