1、关系代词：做句子成分关系副词：不做句子成分五大基本句型：主 谓(Vi)主 谓(Vt) 宾主 谓(Vt) 宾 宾主 谓 (Vt) 宾 宾补主 系 表如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词规律：缺成分，用关系代词； 不缺成分，用关系副词that 人、物 主、宾which 物 主、宾who 人 主whom 人 宾whose 人、物 定语where 地点（具体和抽象）job field situation case等when 时间why 原因如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。 用什么关系副词看先行词。Ill never
2、forget the day I joined the league.on which时间状语This is the house I lived two years ago.where地点状语Do you know the reason she was late.for which原因状语关系副词在从句中做状语，此时相当于“介词+which”。whenin whichwhy2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the
3、great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhenThe man who came to
4、our school is Mr. Wang.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meet
5、ing ( _ will be held next week) is very important.Which that如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词口诀做主语，指物，用that，which做主语，指人，用that，who做宾语，指物，用that，who，不做宾语，指人，用that，whom，不 (1) 只用 that，不用which 当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I a
6、m sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first composition (that) he
7、 has written in English.先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (that) I want to find. 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.先行词是疑问词who, which,
8、 what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me? 当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it us
9、ed to be. Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it B B 考点三：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的
10、逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. Ther
11、e are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定 关系副词w
12、hen, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for w
13、hich) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考点四：关系代词前介词的确定思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen i
14、na museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。五. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，
15、从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如： Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA. 六. 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠 1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较： （1）Is this factory _ we visited last week ? （2）Is this the factory _ we visited last week ? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。
