1、Useful words and Useful words and expressionsexpressionsUnit 2 Travelling around1. make a reservation (for a trip/ holiday./sb.) 为为.预定、预预定、预订订Customers are advised _ (make) seat/dinner/ hotel/room/plane reservations well in advance.=_ (reserve) their seats/ dinners/hotels/rooms well in advance.to ma
2、keto reserve我想预订八点钟一张两人桌。我想预订八点钟一张两人桌。 Id like to make a (table) reservation for two for eight oclock. =Id like to reserve a table for two for eight oclock.p reserve (a seat/table/ticket/room) for sb./time 为某人为某人/某时预定、预订；某时预定、预订； 预留、预留、保留保留2. rent a car/room.(from sb.) (长期或短期长期或短期) (从某人从某人) 租用租用.pre
3、nt (out)a car/flat. (to sb.) =rent (sb.) a car/flat 出租出租 (.) (给某人给某人)ppay a high/low/much rent (for.) 付高付高/低低/很多很多/租金给租金给（某物）（某物）plet (out) a flat (to sb.) at a rent of $ 200 a month/at a low rent. 以每月以每月200 美元租金、美元租金、低价低价出租公寓出租公寓 pCompare:phire sth. from sb. （短期）从某人那里租用某物短期）从某人那里租用某物p hire sth. (ou
4、t) to sb. p （短期）（短期） 把某物出租给某人把某物出租给某人phire sb. (for sth./to do sth./as sb.) (短期短期) 雇佣某人雇佣某人. 3. apply for (a visa/passport/job/ scholarship) 申请获得申请获得(签证、护照、工作签证、护照、工作、奖、奖学金学金) papply to (a company/university) 向向.申请申请p apply to do sth. (to join the army) 申请做某事申请做某事 (applied, applied, applying)papply
5、oneself/ones mind to sth./ doing 努力、专心做某事努力、专心做某事papplicant 【C】申请者】申请者papplication 【C】【】【U】申请（书】申请（书/表表） 4. pack (up) some clothes/books (into a bag/suitcase/box) 收拾收拾/ /打包打包 ( (行李、物品等行李、物品等).).（装入（装入.里）里） =pack a bag/suitcase/box (with some clothes/books) ( (把把.) .) 收拾收拾/ /打包装袋、箱、盒打包装袋、箱、盒Most of t
6、he holidaymakers finished packing (their suitcases) / packing (up) (their things) and headed for the airport.p pack sb. a lunch/picnic 给某人带包中餐、野餐给某人带包中餐、野餐p a pack of (cigarettes/thieves/wolves) 一包一包（香烟）（香烟）/一群（野兽、坏人一群（野兽、坏人)5. (do sth./go) for the/ones (coming/ summer/winter/Christmas holiday(s)/ v
7、acation (做某事、去某地做某事、去某地) 度假度假p take a/ones holiday/vacation 度假度假p be/go on holiday/vacation 在度假、去度假在度假、去度假6. get around/about (sp) = go or travel around (sp) （在（在.各处）走动、出行各处）走动、出行 We had to use public transport to get around (London). 我们不得不使用我们不得不使用公共交通工具公共交通工具( (在在伦敦伦敦) ) 出行出行7. (finish) the travel
8、/wedding arrangements (完成完成)旅行旅行/婚礼婚礼安排、筹备安排、筹备1) make arrangements for sb./sth. (guests/a trip/wedding) (for sb./a car) to meet/see. 为某人、某活动做出安排为某人、某活动做出安排 安排安排(某人某人)做某事做某事The familyre making (careful) arrangements for the party/guests. (for someone/a taxi) to meet me at the airport.Hes in charge o
9、f/responsible for the transport, accommodation and security ( (安全安全) ) arrangements for the presidents visit. 他负责总统来访时的交通、住宿和他负责总统来访时的交通、住宿和安全工作。安全工作。2) vt. arrange (flowers/books) 整理整理,布置，排列布置，排列(.)3) vt. arrange a meeting/party/ wedding (for next Friday) =schedule.for 安排、筹备（活动）安排、筹备（活动）(在在.时间时间)p
10、arrange for a car/taxi/driver to meet/collect. 安排好一辆车安排好一辆车/司机司机 去接去接.parrange for a doctor to see. 安排某人做某事安排某人做某事parrange to meet/see/go shopping 安排做某事安排做某事 (会面、看望、去购物会面、看望、去购物)parrange with sb. about sth./doing sth. to do sth. 与某人约定、协商有关与某人约定、协商有关/做做某事某事8. source 【C】来源；（问题）根源；】来源；（问题）根源；（河流）源头（河流）
11、源头a source of information/news/ enjoyment/income (收入收入)the source of trouble/confusion /crime 麻烦、混乱、犯罪的根源麻烦、混乱、犯罪的根源the source of a river 河流的源头河流的源头9. recognize the text type (ones voice/handwriting) 识别文体识别文体/认得某人的声音、笔迹认得某人的声音、笔迹 1) recognize sb./sth. (by/from) (根据根据/从从)认出认出precognize sb./sth. (as/t
12、o be) 认得认得/ /认出某人认出某人/ /物物( (是是); ); 承认承认/ /公认人公认人/ /物物( (是是) Compare：prealize sth./that/wh-从句从句 认识到，明白认识到，明白prealize ones dream/wish/aim/ goal/ambition of doing sth. 实现某人梦想实现某人梦想/希望希望/抱负抱负目标目标Im sorry, I didnt _ who you were.I _ her by her red hair.It was only later that he _ his mistake.realizerec
13、ognizedrealizedShed lost so much weight that I could hardly _ her. Actually, shed changed beyond (all) _ (n.).The World Health Organization _ alcoholism (酗酒酗酒) ) as a disease since 1951.He finally _ his boyhood ambition (抱负抱负) of winning an Olympic gold medal.has recognizedrecognizerealizedrecogniti
14、on（变化得）（变化得）认不出来认不出来了了10. look through (a book/text/passage/ ones notes) =read quickly 浏览（以获取信息）浏览（以获取信息）p look through (papers/files) 查阅、翻阅查阅、翻阅(报纸报纸/档案档案)(以找到资料以找到资料)plook around/round (sb./sth.) 环顾环顾(.)四周四周；到处寻找；观光；到处寻找；观光p look back (on/to sth.) 回顾回顾(某事某事)plook down on sb. 瞧不起某人瞧不起某人plook up to
15、sb. (for sth.) 尊敬尊敬plook forward to sth./doing sth. 期期盼盼plook into (a problem) 调查调查plook on .as 把把.看作看作plook out (for sb./sth.) 小心，提防小心，提防plook (words) up 查阅查阅(单词单词)plook over (a plan/lake) 浏览；俯浏览；俯瞰瞰plook sb. up and down 上下大量某上下大量某人人11. a country/town on the (Pacific/ east) coast of. . (太平洋太平洋/东东)
16、海岸的一个国家、海岸的一个国家、城镇城镇Compare:an island off the French coast 法国法国海岸附近的一个岛屿海岸附近的一个岛屿)(在海里在海里)（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）12. a country with three main areas: 具有三个主要区域（的国家）具有三个主要区域（的国家）a country with a long history/a large population/a large area 具有悠久历史、众多人口、面积巨具有悠久历史、众多人口、面积巨大的国家大的国家 （介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）13
17、. narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast 沿海岸延伸的沿海岸延伸的狭窄狭窄.平坦的土地平坦的土地1) 现在分词短语现在分词短语做后置定语做后置定语, 表示主表示主动、经常性动作或状态。动、经常性动作或状态。 .and many small roads crossing the mountains east to west. 由东到西横穿这些山脉的由东到西横穿这些山脉的许多小路许多小路=that/which cross.=that/which runs.the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Tit
18、icaca.连接连接Cusco和和Lake Titicaca的的新公新公路路a letter asking for some advice 征求建议的征求建议的一封信一封信2) run (along/to/over/through.) 延伸延伸3) connect.to/with.把把.与与.连接连接 =join.to.=that/which connects.4) narrow adj. 狭窄的狭窄的 (not wide); 勉强的，刚刚好的勉强的，刚刚好的 narrow-minded adj. 气量小的气量小的The bridge/path is too narrow for two ca
19、rs to pass.A man had a narrow escape from death when a fire broke out.=A man narrowly escaped death. （死里逃生，死里逃生， 险些丧命）险些丧命） pvt. narrow the gap between rich and poor 缩小贫富差距缩小贫富差距 14. emperor 皇帝皇帝 (男男)p empress 女皇，皇后女皇，皇后p empire 帝国帝国 Compare:p king/queen/kingdom 国王国王/王后王后/女王女王/王国王国15. site 【C】 (for/
20、of.)(城镇、建筑物城镇、建筑物) 地点地点, 位置，场位置，场址址, 工地工地(work) on a building site 在建筑工地在建筑工地 (上班上班) look for a suitable site for the new school 寻找适合的新寻找适合的新校址校址（场地、场址）场地、场址）(重要、有趣事件重要、有趣事件) 发生地，现场发生地，现场; (某个用途的某个用途的) 场地场地on the site of a battle 在一场战役在一场战役旧址旧址a camping site/website 宿营地宿营地/网网址址p (be) on site 在、到工地、现
21、场在、到工地、现场15. take control of sb./sth. (某人某人)开始掌控开始掌控/掌管某人、事掌管某人、事 =begin to control sb./sth.p lose control of sb./sth. (某人某人)开始控制不了某人、事开始控制不了某人、事pbe in control of sth. (某人某人)正在掌管、掌控某事正在掌管、掌控某事p be in/under the control of sb. (某事某事)正在被某人掌管、掌控正在被某人掌管、掌控pbe/get/run out of control (某事某事) (开始开始) 不能被控制了不能
22、被控制了 pbe under control (某事某事) 被控制住被控制住 p bring/get/keep sth. under control (某人某人)把某事把某事(始终始终)控制住控制住16. It is for this reason that Spanish is the official language of Peru.1) 这是一个强调句。这是一个强调句。根据说话人意根据说话人意图图, 说话人可以通过这种句型结构说话人可以通过这种句型结构强调句子有关成分（主语强调句子有关成分（主语, 宾语宾语, 状语）状语）, 使之成为信息中心。使之成为信息中心。p 强调句的结构是：pI
23、t is/was+被强调成分被强调成分 +that/which/who +剩余部分剩余部分 主语主语 宾语宾语 状语状语地点地点时间时间原因原因方式方式l介词短介词短: in/at/on/for this reason/because ofl副词副词: then, yesterday, last year, a week ago/laterl连词连词: beause/when/until)强强调调人人强强调调物物Some freshmen held a heated debate in the lecture hall yesterday. It was some freshmen who h
24、eld a heated debate in the lecture hall yesterday. It was a heated debate that some freshmen held in the lectue hall yesterday.练一练It was in the lecture hall that some freshmen held a heated debate yesterday.It was yesterdaythat some freshmen held a heated debate in the lecture hall.是在两年之后、一年前的今天、是在两
25、年之后、一年前的今天、正是那时候正是那时候John申请加入这个志愿申请加入这个志愿者俱乐部的。者俱乐部的。It was two years later/a year ago today/then that John applied to join the volunteer club.是是Jane 注册、报名参加了志愿注册、报名参加了志愿课程。课程。 It was Jane who registered for/ signed up for a voluntary course.我正在安排我正在安排( (秘书秘书) )去机场接的去机场接的是一位现代文学专家。是一位现代文学专家。 Its an
26、expert on modern literature who Im arranging (for the secretary) to meet at the airport / to pick up / to collect from the airport.正是由于这个原因我的同事建议正是由于这个原因我的同事建议我提前我提前( (一周一周) )预定航班。预定航班。 It is for this reason that my colleage recommends I (should) book/reserve my flight one week in advance. It was be
27、cause of bad weather _ the football match had to be put off.A. so B. so that C. why D. thatWho is making so much noise in the garden? _ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That isD. There are2) official adj. 官方的；公务的；官方的；公务的；正式的正式的; 【C】(政府政府/公司公司/银行银行)官官员员 the official language/decision 官方语言、决定官方语言、
28、决定 make an official visit to. (对对.进行进行)公务访问公务访问 the official reason/report 正式（公开）理由、报告正式（公开）理由、报告Many government officals were recruited from private industry.被从私企招募被从私企招募pofficially adv. 正式地，官方地正式地，官方地pofficer 【C】军官，警官】军官，警官17. A (short/.) flight/ride (from.) takes/will take you to/into. 乘坐短途航班、车辆（
29、将）带你乘坐短途航班、车辆（将）带你去去/进入某地进入某地A 15-minute taxi/bus ride (from downtown) will take you to the airport.18. travel (from.) to your accommodation (从从.)去你的住处去你的住处p accommodation 【U】住处，住所】住处，住所p accommodations (美美) 住宿，食宿住宿，食宿p accommodate vt. 向向.提供住所提供住所 live in rented accommodation 住在出租住所里住在出租住所里 find/pro
30、vide/arrange accommodation(s) for (guests) 为某人找到为某人找到/提供提供/安排住宿安排住宿19. in the middle of (the forest/room/ city) 在在(.(.空间空间) )的中央、中间的中央、中间 p =in the heart of .p =in the centre of.Compare:p at the heart/centre of (system/ debate) 在在(.(.抽象事物抽象事物) )的核心、中心的核心、中心20. spend time/money (in) doing sth./ on st
31、h. ( (某人某人) ) 花时间、钱做某事、在某事花时间、钱做某事、在某事上上21. unique adj.1) very unusual/good/special 独特的独特的,罕见的罕见的 The preview (预演预演) offered/gave/ provided a unique opportunity to see the show. Shakespeare made a unique contribution to the world of literature. (对对.做出独特的贡献做出独特的贡献)2) 独一无二的，唯一的独一无二的，唯一的Everyones finge
32、rprints/DNA are/is unique.3) (某人、某地某人、某地) 独具的，独有的独具的，独有的pbe unique to sb./sp. 为为.所独有所独有The problem is not unique to British students.the animals and plants unique to the rainforest. 这里雨林所独有的动植物这里雨林所独有的动植物 （形容词短语作后置定语，相当（形容词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句）于定语从句） the unique Spanish and local Indian culture 独有的西班牙和当地印
33、第安文化独有的西班牙和当地印第安文化which/that areThe tour/trip will take you on a .path to/on the way to. 旅行将带你走在去旅行将带你走在去.的路上的路上reach/arrive at ones (travel/ tourist/holiday/vacation/final) destination 到达某人旅行、度假、最终目的地到达某人旅行、度假、最终目的地 24. Especially amazing is the Incas dry stone method of building.尤其令人惊奇的是印加人的干石建尤其令
34、人惊奇的是印加人的干石建法。法。 1) 此句为完全倒装句型之一。此句为完全倒装句型之一。 pPredictive( (表语表语) ) + be + S ( (主语主语) ) prep, adv. , adj., doing, done（完全倒装句）（完全倒装句）Equally attractive to children are the success stories of world-famous people, which help them understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.Nea
35、rby were houses built by the peasants themselves.Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.On either side of the river were rows of apple trees.Below are two texts about Peru.Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31th century.Lying on the floor was a boy aged
36、about seventeen. Gone are the days when we were looked down upon.Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.2) amazing, amazed, amazean _history 一段令人惊奇的历史一段令人惊奇的历史an _ expression/look on her face 她脸上感到惊奇的表情她脸上感到惊奇的表情/样子样子（发觉）她快速恢复（健康）让人（发觉）她快速恢复（健康）让人（我们）感到惊讶（我们）感到惊讶。amazingamazed(Finding) He
37、r rapid recovery _ us. =(Finding) Her rapid recovery was _ . It is amazing to do sth. that/wh- 从句从句 （某人）做某事令人（某人）做某事令人/某人惊奇某人惊奇 （不定式或主语从句做主语（不定式或主语从句做主语）=It amazes sbamazingamazed It was amazing (to find) =It amazed us (to find) that she had recovered rapidly. how rapidly she had recovered. Sb. be/f
38、eel amazed at/by sth. to see/find/hear/learn that/wh- 从句从句某人因为某人因为 ( (做做) )某事感某事感到惊讶到惊讶We were amazed at/by her rapid recovery. (to find) that she had recovered rapidly. how rapidly she had recovered. 25. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls togeter other
39、than the perfect fit of the stones.1) cut .to exact sizes 把切割到精确的尺寸把切割到精确的尺寸2) need sb./sth. (for sth.) (to do sth.) 需要某人、物需要某人、物(做某事做某事)We need volunteers/tools/some time for the cleaning / to clean up (the hall) after the performance.pSb. needs to do sth.We need to water the plants.pSth. needs doi
40、ng/to be doneThe plants need watering/to be watered.pneed sth. badly 急需某物急需某物3) hold (the machine/family/party/ marriage) together vt. & vi.(使物品使物品)拼接在一起拼接在一起(保持完好保持完好)；(使使家庭、政党等家庭、政党等) 团结团结/凝聚凝聚在一起在一起 I hope the washing machine holds togetherI cant afford a new one.3) not/no/any/every/nothing. othe
41、r than=apart/aside from = except 除了除了.没有没有; =besides 除了除了.还有还有Have you taken any science courses other than chemistry?I dont know any French people other than you. 4) be a beautiful/perfect/good/bad/ fit （衣服等）漂亮、完美、很好、衣服等）漂亮、完美、很好、不好合身、吻合不好合身、吻合(=apart from, besides)(=apart from, except）26. admire v
42、t. 欣赏；欣赏；钦佩钦佩, , 赞赏赞赏；admire the view/moon/oneswork 欣赏风景、月亮、某人作品欣赏风景、月亮、某人作品padmire (sb. for) sth. 因因.而钦佩某人，赞赏某事而钦佩某人，赞赏某事Everybody admires (him for) his courage and honesty.p (watch) in admiration 钦佩钦佩地地（观看）（观看）phave great admiration for sb./sth. =be full of admiration for 非常赞赏、佩服非常赞赏、佩服.padmirable
43、 adj. 令人钦佩的令人钦佩的；值得赞扬的值得赞扬的padmirer n. 钦佩者，崇拜者钦佩者，崇拜者(=admiring fan); 爱慕者爱慕者pbe a great admirer of sb./sth. 十分赞赏、钦佩十分赞赏、钦佩.27. a package tour/holiday 包价旅游，旅游、度假套餐包价旅游，旅游、度假套餐a package of measures 一整套措施一整套措施a large package(=parcel) 包裹包裹a package of 一包一包/袋袋/盒盒. Compare: pa packet/pack of (cigarettes)
44、一小包一小包/袋袋/盒盒 (香烟香烟)28. contact sb. at.(address/number) 联系某人某地址联系某人某地址/号码号码 Anyone _ (interest) in joining the club should contact us _ the address below. You can always contact me _ my phone number.interestedatatpcontact sb. by phone/letter 通过电话通过电话/信件与某人联系信件与某人联系p have some/much/no/little contact s
45、b./sth. with. 与与.有有（些、许多、没有、没什么（些、许多、没有、没什么) 联系联系pbe/stay/keep in contact/touch with sb./sth. 与与.保持联系保持联系 pmake/get contact with sb./sth. = get touch with. 与与.取得联系取得联系plose contact with sb./sth. 与与.失去联系失去联系29. be made (out) of sth. 由由.制成制成 （看得见原材料）（看得见原材料）pbe made from sth. 由由制成（看不见原材料）制成（看不见原材料）pbe
46、 made up of sb./sth. 由由.组成组成/构成构成pmake up 组成组成; 构成构成 (most/.% of)； 编造编造(a story/an excuse)Farming and tourism make up most of the countrys industry. 农业和旅游业构成该国主要产业。农业和旅游业构成该国主要产业。31. detail 【C】细节细节;【U】详细详细, 详情详情; 具体情况，资料，消息具体情况，资料，消息 (details) He stood still, _ (absorb) every detail of the street. p
47、(discuss.) in detail 详细地详细地 (讨论讨论.)pgo into detail(s) (about/on sth.) =give a lot of details (about/on sth.) = explain/describe in detail 详细叙述详细叙述/说明某事说明某事pFor further/more/full details, contact us at the following address. 为为了获得更多了获得更多/ /全面的资料，联系我们下全面的资料，联系我们下面的地址。面的地址。absorbingp detailed adj. 详细的详
48、细的;精细的精细的 have a detailed knowledge of. 详细掌握详细掌握.情况情况32. make a request for (further details/ help) 请求请求某物某物 (更多资料更多资料、帮助、帮助)p request (help.) (from sb.) 向某人请求某物（帮助）向某人请求某物（帮助） Dont respond/reply to any emails _ (request) personal information, no matter how official they look.requestingprequest sb t
49、o do sth. /be requested to do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事/被请求做某事被请求做某事prequest that sb (should) do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事p It is requested that sb. (should) do sth. 有人请求有人请求.33. My time here in China is going well. 我在中国过得很好。我在中国过得很好。pgo (off) well/fine/smoothly/swim-mingly/badly (activity, things, everything)
50、进行，进进行，进展展得得（不）好（不）好/顺利顺利 (happen or develop)pdo well/fine/nicely/badly (in/at) (某人、生意、植物等在学习、工作、某人、生意、植物等在学习、工作、健康、长势等方面健康、长势等方面) 学得、考得、干得、学得、考得、干得、进展得、生长得好进展得、生长得好/不好不好 (progress/ develop/improve)pgo on 发生发生 (=happen) Whats _ here?How did your job interview/your English test _? It _ vey well, than
