1、Unit 4 Natural disastersUseful words and Useful words and expressionsexpressions Natural/environmental disasters 自然、环境灾难自然、环境灾难 The journey ended in disaster, _ three people (being) killed. 2. raise/improve/develop/increase (public) awareness (of/about AIDS/safety/health) 提高、培养、增强（公众）（对艾滋提高、培养、增强（公众
2、）（对艾滋/安安全全/健康的）意识健康的）意识/认识认识 3. reduce mortality (rate) (from heart disease) 降低（心脏病的）死亡率降低（心脏病的）死亡率/数数with4. flood 【C & U】(一场一场) 洪水；大量洪水；大量 (a flood of) ; flooding【U】 洪灾洪灾 The heavy rain has caused/led to floods/flood waters/serious flooding. 这场大雨已引发洪水、严重洪灾。这场大雨已引发洪水、严重洪灾。We received a flood of lett
3、ers _ (protest 抗议抗议) against the change.The river is in flood. (泛滥泛滥)(=is flooding)protesting vt. & vi. (河流河流) 泛滥泛滥, 淹没淹没 (某地某地); (某某地地) 被被淹没淹没/灌满水灌满水 The river floods (the valley) every spring. 每年春天河流每年春天河流 泛滥、淹没泛滥、淹没峡谷。峡谷。 The valley/street/house/field floods / is flooded quite regularly. 这个峡谷这个峡谷
4、/街道街道/房子房子/田地经常田地经常被淹没、被淹没、灌满水灌满水。 flooded fields/streets 被淹没的被淹没的田地田地/街道街道 flood in/into/out (of)/across. (水、洪水般的水、洪水般的)大量涌入，蜂拥而出大量涌入，蜂拥而出/横过横过 Telephone calls/Offers of help came flooding in/flooded in from all over the country. flood sb./sp. (with sth. ) 挤满，大量送达挤满，大量送达 ; 使使.充满、充斥充满、充斥 (某物某物) Appl
5、ications/Requests for the job flooded (into) the office. =packed (into).=The office was flooded with applications/ requests for the job. 求职申请、请求大量涌进办公室。求职申请、请求大量涌进办公室。=was packed with5. drought 【U & C】(一场一场) 旱灾旱灾 The crops failed because of the drought.one of the worst droughts on record 有记载以来最严重的旱灾
6、之一有记载以来最严重的旱灾之一6. refer to sb./sth. 提到；指的是；参考，查阅提到；指的是；参考，查阅(ones notes)7. rescue 【U】& vt. 营救；救援营救；救援prescue workers/teams 救援人员救援人员/队队pcome to ones rescue 来援救某人来援救某人prescue sb./sth. from 把把从拯救出来从拯救出来 (=savefrom)8. Which buildings were damaged in Seoul? pdamage vt. &【U】 损害损害, 伤害，伤害，损坏损坏, 损失损失 (部分地，可以
7、修复部分地，可以修复) 吸烟吸烟 (严重严重) 损害你的健康。损害你的健康。Smoking (badly/severely/seriously) damages your health. (vt.)=Somking causes/does (bad/severe/ serious) damage to your health. (n.)=Somking is (very) damaging to your health. (adj.)9. destroy vt 破坏，毁坏破坏，毁坏 (彻底地，彻底地，使其使其不再存在，不再存在，不可修复不可修复) pdestroyer 【C】破坏者；驱逐舰】破
8、坏者；驱逐舰pdestruction 【U】破坏，毁坏破坏，毁坏pdestructive adj. 具有具有破坏破坏/毁灭毁灭性的性的 The earthquake totally/completely _ the town, _ (kill) up to 20,000 people. The floods brought/caused _ to the area.= The floods were _ to the area.destroyedkillingdestructiondestructive10. ruinvt. 毁坏，糟蹋毁坏，糟蹋 (It still exists, but i
9、t has lost all its good qualities or features. That is, it is no longer attractive, enjoyable, valuable or useful.) The bad weather ruined our trip/holiday.a ruined castle 被毁坏的城堡被毁坏的城堡 vt. 使使.破产或失去地位，毁灭破产或失去地位，毁灭 The country was ruined by the war.【C & U】废墟；毁灭】废墟；毁灭; 破产；垮掉破产；垮掉11. present (a report.)
10、 to sb. 向某人呈递、呈交（报告）向某人呈递、呈交（报告）12. evacuate (sp.) or sb. (from sp./to sp.) vt. & vi. 撤离（某地）；撤离（某地）； 把某人把某人(从某地从某地)撤离撤离 (到某地到某地) The village was evacuated because of floods. In the war many children were evacuated from the cities to the countryside.13. No deaths, no injuriespdie, death, dead, dying,
11、 deadlyMy mothers _; she _ in 1987; she has been _ for many years. My mothers _ was a great shock to me.The_ man was saved by a kind passer-by.It was very clear that Sandra was very close to _. She was obviously _, but she was not _ yet.dead/dieddieddeaddeathdyingdeathdyingdeadThe program was aimed
12、at reducing the number of _ from cancer.The doctor said that the cause of _ was brain damage.one of the most _ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun.Drunken driving causes thousands of _ every year. Soldiers were sent to Tangshan to dig out those who were traped and to bury the _.deathsdeathdead
13、ly=deadliestdeathsdead(pl.死亡数量或事件死亡数量或事件)14. affect vt. 影响影响(= have an influence/ effect on)；(疾病疾病) 侵袭，感染；侵袭，感染；使使.伤感伤感paffection 【 U，single】喜欢，钟爱】喜欢，钟爱p feel/have a deep/great affection for sb. 非常喜欢、喜爱非常喜欢、喜爱p effect 【C】影响】影响, 效果效果 vt. 产生，引起产生，引起 effect a cure/change/recovery 产生疗效；引起变化；实现复苏产生疗效；引起变
14、化；实现复苏Does television _ childrens behaviour?Does television have an _ on childrens behaviour?affecteffecteffective adj. 有效的有效的Many parents lack confidence in their ability _ change in their childrens behaviour. We were deeply _ by the news of her deathMark feels/has a great_ for his sister.Cancer ha
15、s _ his brain.I tried to persuade him, but with little or no _. She looked back on those days with _.to effectaffectedaffectionaffectedeffectaffection深情地深情地15. shelter 【C &U】遮蔽】遮蔽(物物)，庇护庇护(所所)，避难避难(所所) vt. & vi. 庇护，掩蔽；庇护，掩蔽； 躲避躲避pset up/build shelters for sb. 为某人搭建为某人搭建庇护所、避难所庇护所、避难所 p (take) shelte
16、r from (the storm) 躲避躲避(暴风雨暴风雨)p shelter sb./sth. from (the wind/rain/ sun) 为某人遮挡为某人遮挡(风雨、阳光风雨、阳光)； 保护、庇护保护、庇护、掩蔽某人、掩蔽某人/物物 (免受免受.影响影响) =protect .from The church provided shelter for hundreds of families _ homes _ (flood).We sat in the shade (在在阴凉处阴凉处), _ from the sun.树木为这栋房子遮挡阳光。树木为这栋房子遮挡阳光。Trees s
17、helter the house from the sun.whosehad been flooded=gave shelter to=shelteredshelteringtaking shelter(现在分词短语作伴随状语现在分词短语作伴随状语)16. Strange things _ (happen) in the countryside of northeast Hebei. 过去进行时可以用来在故事中作为铺过去进行时可以用来在故事中作为铺垫垫另另一动作的背景。一动作的背景。 It _ (rain) but no one stopped working. It was evening.
18、 The sun _ (set). A gentle wind _ (blow) through the trees. In the distance I _ (see) a car _ (move) across the dusty plain. It _ (stop) and two men _ (jump) out of it.were happening was raining was setting was blowing saw moving stopped jumped 17. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of
19、 it. 1) Sb./Sth. have / There be (某人某人/物物)有某人、物在做某事有某人、物在做某事 We have/There are reports _ (flood) into the office from all over the world. 我们有来自世界各地的报告到我们办公室来。我们有来自世界各地的报告到我们办公室来。Although the farm is large, my dad has only three men _ (work) for him. sb./sth. doing sth.flooding （现在分词作定语）（现在分词作定语）（现在分
20、词作定语）（现在分词作定语）working 2) smelly adj. 有臭味的，难闻的有臭味的，难闻的tasty adj. 美味的，可口的美味的，可口的3) smell (smelt, smelt; smelled, smelled)系动词系动词(+adj./like/of./as if 从句从句) 闻起来闻起来The room smells sweet/of smoke/like a bar. as if it hasnt been cleaned recently. 这个房间闻起来很香、有烟味、像酒吧、这个房间闻起来很香、有烟味、像酒吧、好像最近没有被打扫。好像最近没有被打扫。vt.
21、(can/could) 能闻到、能觉察到；能闻到、能觉察到； 闻一闻一闻闻 I can smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. I could smell danger/trouble _ (come), so I left. vi. 有嗅觉；有臭味有嗅觉；有臭味 Ive got a cold and I cant smell. His breath smells. 他有口臭。他有口臭。 CU 气味；气味； 嗅觉嗅觉 (+doing，现在分词作宾补，现在分词作宾补)burning coming There is a delicious smell _
22、(come) from the kitchen! Dogs have a very good sense of smell. (嗅觉嗅觉)18. Mice ran out of the fields _ (look) for places to hide. （现在分词短语作谓语（现在分词短语作谓语ran的伴随状语）的伴随状语）现在分词短语做伴随状语句型：现在分词短语做伴随状语句型：come/go/arrive/return/run/walk/enter/ get into/step out doing sth. cominglooking=and lookedThen she came in
23、_(smile).The students walked out of the classroom, _ (talk) and _ (laugh)The army came to help the survivors, _ (bring) hope for a new life.19. as usual 像往常一样像往常一样20. It seemed as if the world were/was bringinglaughingtalkingsmilings if/as though conj. 好像好像 引导表语引导表语从句，从句用了虚拟语气，从句，从句用了虚拟语气， 表示与客观事实（可
24、能）相反。表示与客观事实（可能）相反。 seem (to be) +n./adj.seem (like) +n. seem to do sth. 似乎做某事似乎做某事 It seemed as if he were/was ten years younger that day. （不太有可能发生的事）（不太有可能发生的事）It seems as if/that she is ill. Id like to see her after school. （有可能发生的事）（有可能发生的事） =She seems to be ill. .3) It seems (似乎似乎) appears (显得显
25、得) looks (看起来看起来) feels (感觉起来感觉起来) sounds (听起来听起来) smells(闻起来闻起来) tastes(尝起来尝起来) as if/though. (表从表从)（好像）（好像） 看样子他们已失去了兴趣。看样子他们已失去了兴趣。 It appears as if theyve lost interest. 听起来你的咳嗽听起来你的咳嗽/感冒加重了。感冒加重了。 It sounds as if your cough/cold is getting worse. 感觉起来我的口袋里有锋利的东西。感觉起来我的口袋里有锋利的东西。It feels as if t
26、here is something sharp in my pocket. 4) come to an end vi. 结束结束 =end, be over, finish =be at an endThe meeting came to an end.p bring sth. to an end vt. =put/bring an end to sth. 使使.结束结束 It is hoped that the talks may bring an end to the war.pcall for/demand an end to sth. 呼吁呼吁/要求结束（某事）要求结束（某事）21.
27、Onethird of the nation felt it. Twothirds of the people who lived there died or _ (injure) during the earthquake. 75 % of its factories and buildings 90% of its homes and all of the citys hospitals_ (be) gone.Most bridges had fallen or _ (be) not safe to cross.were injured were were %/two-thirds of
28、the rest of (其余的其余的)part of (部分的部分的) plenty of (许多许多)a lot of a large quantity of(大量的大量的), all (of), more (of) some (of), any (of) none (of), half (of) most (of), enough (of) +复数名词复数名词/代代词，作主语时，词，作主语时，谓语用复数谓语用复数+单数名词单数名词/代词，代词，作主语时，作主语时，谓语用单数谓语用单数Three-fourths of the earths surface _ (be) sea. Two-t
29、hirds of the people present _ (agree) to the plan. 70% of the land _ (cover) by forest.50 percent of the pupils _ (have) their own cellphones today. isagreeis coveredhaveThe rest of the story _ (need) no telling. 其余的故事不用说了。其余的故事不用说了。 He stayed at home and the rest of the boys _ (be) out at play.他呆在家
30、里，其余的男孩在外面他呆在家里，其余的男孩在外面完。完。needswereAll _ (be) ready for the meeting.为会议做好了一切准备。为会议做好了一切准备。All _(be) eager to join the game. 所有的人都高兴参加玩游戏。所有的人都高兴参加玩游戏。Most of his time _ (spend) travelling.Most of his holidays _ (spend) travelling. is/wasare/wereis/was spentare/were spent22. The number of people wh
31、o _ (kill) or badly _(injure) in the quake _ more than 400,000.The number of people _(invite) _ (be) fifty, but a number of them _(be) absent for different reasons.Today the number of people _ (learn) English in China _ (increase) rapidly.wasis/wasare/wereinjuredwere killedinvitedlearningis increasi
32、ng归纳：归纳：pthe number of +复数复数n. 的数量的数量 (作主语时作主语时, 其后谓语动词用单数其后谓语动词用单数) oa number of +复数复数n. 一些，好些一些，好些= some, several, ( 作主语时作主语时, 其后谓语动词用复数其后谓语动词用复数) 23. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.1) Everywhere /Wherever sb. looks/goes/ appears, 无论某人往哪里看、走、在那里出无论某人往哪里看、走、在那里出现现, (Everyw
33、here /Wherever引导引导地点状语地点状语从句从句) Everywhere/Wherever we go, people seem to recognize us.2) nothing/no one but .=only24. blow sth. away 把把吹走吹走 (blew, blown)25or were not safe/unsafe to cross. 不安全不适合通行。不安全不适合通行。o be safe to do/for doing sth. 是安全的适合是安全的适合被做被做. The water is safe to drink/for drinkingp be
34、 safe for sb./sth. 对某人、物安全对某人、物安全 Is the ride safe enough for a 5-year-old? pIt is safe (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）做某事是安全的（某人）做某事是安全的It is safe (for us) to drink the water.26. tens of thousands of 好几万好几万hundreds of thousands of 数十万数十万hundreds of 数百数百thousands of数千数千millions of 数百万数百万billions of 数十亿数十亿
35、.27. People were in shock_ then, later that afternoon, _ big quake _ (shake) Tangshan again. 人们人们惊魂未定惊魂未定.。1) be in (a state of) shock=be extremely shocked 惊魂未定惊魂未定=suffer from shock 处于处于休克状态休克状态p =get a shock= be/feel shocked 感到震感到震惊惊p give sb. a shock/leave sb. in shock =shock sb. 使某人感到震惊使某人感到震惊an
36、danothershookp come as/be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是令人震惊的事对某人来说是令人震惊的事pIt comes as/is a shock (=shocking) to find/discover/realize/hear/learn. 发现、意识到、听到、了解到发现、意识到、听到、了解到.使某人使某人大为震惊大为震惊 (不定式短语作真正主语不定式短语作真正主语)pto sb.s shock 使某人感到震惊的是使某人感到震惊的是2) shock (sb.) vt. 使某人使某人感到震惊感到震惊pshocked adj. 感到震惊的感到震惊的pshockin
37、g adj. 使人令人震惊的使人令人震惊的 他突然死亡他突然死亡(的消息的消息)使每个人大为震惊。使每个人大为震惊。(The news of ) His sudden death came as/was a great shock to everyone.=(The news of ) His suddendeath gave everyone a shock/left everyone in shock.=Everyone got a shock at (the news of) his sudden death.It gave everyone a shock to learn (the
38、news) of his sudden death.(The news of) His sudden death _ everyone.Everyone was _ at/by (the news of) his sudden death.(The news of) His sudden death was _ to everyone.It _ everyone/Everyone was _ to learn (the news) of his sudden death. It is _to learn (the news) of his sudden death.shockedshocked
39、shockingshockedshockedshocking28. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan _ (dig) out those who _ (trap) and _ (bury) the dead.1) soon/shortly after () (在在) 之后不久之后不久p soon/shortly afterward(s) 之后不久之后不久2) send sb./sth. to sp. (to do sth.) 派遣某人、物到某地（做某事）派遣某人、物到某地（做某事）3) dig o
40、ut vt. 挖出挖出 (dug, dug, digging)to digwere trappedto bury4) be/become/get trapped under/in sth. 被困、被卡在被困、被卡在.下下/里面里面, 陷入陷入.下下/里面里面p trap sb/sth (in.) =catch/stick.in 使某人、动物陷入、落入险境、困境、使某人、动物陷入、落入险境、困境、圈套、陷阱、死角；使某物被卡、夹住圈套、陷阱、死角；使某物被卡、夹住 Dozens of/Up to 200 people were trapped in/inside the burning buil
41、ding under fallen rocks. He was/felt trapped in/by an unhappy marriage. 他陷于不幸的婚姻中、他感他陷于不幸的婚姻中、他感觉被不幸的婚姻缠住。觉被不幸的婚姻缠住。ptrap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事诱骗某人做某事play/set a trap (for sb./sth.) 为为.设下设下陷阱、圈套陷阱、圈套pfall/walk into a trap 落入陷阱、圈套落入陷阱、圈套5) bury vt. (buried, buried, burying) 埋葬；埋藏，掩盖埋葬；埋藏，掩盖pbe b
42、uried alive 被活埋被活埋pbury oneself in (ones work/book). 专心致专心致志做某事志做某事6) the + adj./done/doing 表一类人表一类人 死者死者健在的人健在的人富人富人穷人穷人老年人老年人 年轻人年轻人 聪明人聪明人蠢材蠢材强者强者 弱者弱者伤者伤者(事故事故)伤者伤者(战场战场)垂死的人垂死的人 残疾人残疾人盲人聋子聋子the wise the foolish the strong the weak the injured the wounded the disabled the dying the blind the dea
43、f the dead the rich the old/eldlerly the living the poor the young 担任主语时，谓语通常用复数。担任主语时，谓语通常用复数。 In some developed countries, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 有时表示某个人，担任主语时谓语通常有时表示某个人，担任主语时谓语通常用单数。用单数。 The dead/injured was about thirty years of age. 死者、伤者大约三十岁。死者、伤者大约三十岁。29. Slowly, the c
44、ity began to breathe again. 1) breathe vt. & vi. 呼吸呼吸p breathe deeply/hard/heavily 深深、使劲地、重重地吸了口气深深、使劲地、重重地吸了口气I told her the air would be hard to breathe. (vt.)pbreathe (sth.) in/out 吸气吸气/呼气、吸入呼气、吸入/呼出呼出2) breath 【U & C】呼吸】呼吸p hold ones breath 屏住呼吸，屏息以待屏住呼吸，屏息以待p Alice held her breath, _ (wait) for
45、 Dans reply.pbe short of /out of breath =be breathless 喘不过气喘不过气, 来上气不接下气来上气不接下气p take a (deep/long/big) breath 深深/长长/大吸一口气大吸一口气pget ones breath again/back 恢复正常呼吸恢复正常呼吸 =catch ones breath ptake ones breath away 令人惊叹令人惊叹/赞叹赞叹waiting30. Tangshan started to revive (itself) and get back up on its feet.1)
46、 revive (sth.) vt. & vi.(使人使人/植物植物/经济等经济等)苏醒，复活，复苏苏醒，复活，复苏 =bring sth./come to life, recoverAttempts (尝试尝试) to rivive the patient failed, and he died soon afterward.The followers/economy failed to rivive. (使兴趣、希望、使兴趣、希望、运动、运动、技艺、技艺、风俗、风俗、传统、戏剧等传统、戏剧等) 再兴起，再流行，再上再兴起，再流行，再上演演 Public interest in athlet
47、ics has revived now that (=since 既然既然) the national team is doing well. revive the old custom/tradition 让古老的习俗、传统重新流行让古老的习俗、传统重新流行p revival 【C & U】复活，振兴，再流复活，振兴，再流行，再上演行，再上演 (=recovery) an economic revival 经济复苏经济复苏 enjoy a revival 重新流行、兴起重新流行、兴起2) be/get (sb./sth.) back on ones feet (病后病后) 痊愈；痊愈；(困境
48、后困境后)复原，恢复复原，恢复Sun is back/has got back on her feet again after her operation.The new chairman hopes to get the company back on its feet within six months.p get/rise/jump to ones feet 站起站起 / 起身起身 / 跳起来跳起来31. With (the) strong support from/of the government and the tireless efforts of the citys peopl
49、e, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.1) With. 因为有来自政府的强有力的支持和全市因为有来自政府的强有力的支持和全市人民的不懈努力人民的不懈努力 (介词短语做原因状语，修饰谓语介词短语做原因状语，修饰谓语was built upon)pwith the support/help of sb.=with sb.s support 由于某人的支持由于某人的支持/帮助帮助(词短语做原因状语词短语做原因状语)2) through/with the efforts of sb =through/with sb.s effort
50、s 通过某人的努力通过某人的努力Its only through your efforts that we have managed to raise the money. 正是通过你们的努力，我们设法筹集了正是通过你们的努力，我们设法筹集了这笔钱。这笔钱。with (an) effort=with difficulty 费点功夫费点功夫/努力；好不容易地努力；好不容易地With a little effort you should achieve the desired result. 稍作努力，你应该取得所渴望的结果。稍作努力，你应该取得所渴望的结果。p有关有关effort 的短语的短语p
