1、什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须子的第一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要，结尾要有有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !英语的基本成分有英语的基本成分有七七种：种：主语（主语（subjectsubject）谓语（谓语（predicatepredicate）表语（表语（predicativepredicative）宾语（宾语（objectobject）定语（定语（att
2、ributeattribute）状语状语 (adverbial) (adverbial) 补语（补语（complementcomplement）句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？主语（主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词） He likes dancing.（代词）（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词数词) Fishing is allowed. The rich should help the poor.（动名词）（
3、动名词）(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)1.Do exercise is good for your health.2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！ 找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.主语小测主语小测 单选：单选： 1.Mary with her two daugh
4、ters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They谓语（谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者表示主语的行为或状态
5、，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning. The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 Open the door, please! Go and get some w
6、ater for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句： 1.省略主语省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have eggs for their breakfast? Tom didnt
7、do his homework yesterday. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to? 按要求找出下列句子的主谓：按要求找出下列句子的主谓： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓）（主谓） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓）（谓） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主谓）（主谓） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not h
8、appen in the center of town. （主谓）（主谓） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主）（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you 1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 2.John with two of his
9、friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone单选：单选：Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的 形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语 to finish 3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Gett
10、ing D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I have one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good 祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.宾语：宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。动词或者介词之后。 I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enj
11、oy working with you I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said? He is afraid of her-his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介词后面的宾语：介词后面的宾语：介宾介宾 注意：人称代词要用注意：人称代词要用宾格宾格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man
12、 some money. 间接宾语间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语直接宾语(sth)： 双宾双宾I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your job. How many new words did you learn last class?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾
13、语5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.表语：表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词
14、短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词系动词后面后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.除了除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2) 表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, se
15、em 等。等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等等。宾语补足语宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用样的作用 If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arr
16、ived. Make yourself at home. The boss keeps them working all day. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room. Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool. Shefounditdifficulttodothework. TheycallmeLilysometimes. IsawMrWanggetonthebus. DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroun
17、djustnow?状语状语 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程时间，地点，目的，方式，程度度He did it carefully.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.定语定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，
18、介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (compl
19、ex sentence)英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一：一： （主谓）（主谓）二：二： （主系表）（主系表）三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）.简单句简单句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sist
20、er the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补基本句型基本句型 一：一： （主谓）（主谓）主语：可以作主
21、语的成分有名词，主格代词，主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.vi.）没）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：如：We come.We come. （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1. Tom gets up. 2. What happened? 3. It does not matter. 4. They talked. 此句型的句子有一个
22、此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点，即句子的谓语，即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型基本句型 二：二： （主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词谓语动词都都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类意思。这类动词动词叫做连系动词。叫做连系动词
23、。分两类：分两类：等，表情况；等，表情况；等属另一类，表变化。等属另一类，表变化。多可用作连系动词：多可用作连系动词：look well/面色好面色好, sound nice/听起来不错听起来不错, feel good/感觉好，感觉好，smell bad/难闻难闻 （是系动词）（是系动词） （表语）（表语） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The food smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is tall and strong. 5. His face turned re
24、d. 基本句型基本句型 三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的此句型句子的共同共同是：谓语动词是：谓语动词，但不能表达完整的，但不能表达完整的意思，意思，即动作的承受者，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 （及物动词）（及物动词） （宾语）（宾语）1. Who knows the answer? 2. I saw a film yesterday. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He knows what he should do. 基本句型基本句型 四：四： （
25、主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）有 些 及 物 动 词 可 以 有 两 个 宾 语 ，有 些 及 物 动 词 可 以 有 两 个 宾 语 ， e ge g ：givegive/ /buybuy/ /bringbring/ /showshow。这两个宾语通常一个。这两个宾语通常一个指人指人( (间接宾语间接宾语) )；一个指物；一个指物( (直接宾语直接宾语) )。-Show this house to Mr. Smith.-Bring it to me, please. （及物）（及物） （多指人）（多指人） （多指物）（多指物）1.She gave me a smile. 2. He brou
26、ght you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型基本句型 五：五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的此句型的句子的是：动词虽然是及物是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个思，必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语，才能来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语：位于：位于宾语之后
27、宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成对宾语作出说明的成分。分。 （及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾语） （宾补）（宾补） 1. They painted the door green. 2. This let them think. 3. They found the house empty. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. a， b， c， d， e， 1，Please tell us a story._2, She smiled._3. I have a lot work to do._4. His job is to train swimmers._5. He saw a man enter the room._6. Please look at the picture._daebec
