1、专题九专题九 并列连词和状语从句并列连词和状语从句【第二部分 语法知识贯通】卷别并列连词状语从句2020新高考(山东) 37.or 全国卷2020 65.When/As201967.but 2018 5年考频5年2考5年1考浙江卷 2021.156.and 2020.7 2020.165.and 2019.6 2018.1159.or 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 5年考频5年3考5年0考五年考情回顾命题分析预测1.高考对并列连词的考查主要体现在对句子之间关系和行文逻辑关系的理解上,常考查并列连词and,but,or等。2.对状语从句的考查集中在时间、条件、让步等状语从句上。考点
2、1 并列连词考点2 状语从句难点 状语从句的省略必备知识通关 考点1 并列连词 并列连词用来连接两个或更多的单词、短语或分句。由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上分句的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词有不同的意义,也体现出各个分句之间不同的逻辑关系。具体如下:知识1表示并列、顺承或递进关系 表示并列、顺承或递进关系的并列连词有and, both.and., as well as, not only.but also., neither.nor.等。 Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night
3、.汽车半路抛锚了,他们只好在一家小旅馆过夜。 Not only did he speak correctly, but also he spoke easily.他不仅说得正确,而且说得轻松。 I have neither time nor money for the ball.我既没有时间也没有钱参加舞会。知识2表示转折或对比关系表示转折关系的并列连词有but和yet,表示对比的有 while和whereas。 I should have written before, but I was ill. 我本该之前就写信的,但我生病了。 Outgoing persons enjoy surrou
4、nding themselves with many friends, while/whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but closer friendships.外向的人喜欢身边有很多朋友,而腼腆的人也许满足于更少但更亲密的朋友关系。 1 You may want to keep a calm mood, _ you should never stop fighting for yourselves! 解析 句意:你们也许想保持平和的心情,但是绝不应该停止为自己奋斗!根据句意可知,此处表示转折,故填but或yet。知识3表示
5、选择关系 表示选择关系的并列连词有or, or else, either.or., not.but.等。 Shall we go to the cinema or stay at home?我们是去看电影还是待在家里? I have two tickets. Either you or your brother can go with me. 我有两张票,你或者你弟弟可以和我一起去。 The meal is not for one, but for many to enjoy. 这顿饭不是给一个人,而是给许多人享用的。特别提醒在祈使句+and/or+陈述句结构中,and表示顺承,or表示否则。
6、 祈使句+and+陈述句有时可用名词(词组)+and+陈述句表示,名词词组中常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。 Work hard, and you will succeed. 努力工作,你就会成功。 Hurry up, or well be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学会迟到的。 One more hour, and Ill get the work finished.再多一个小时,我就能把工作完成。 2 2021安徽合肥调研性检测,62Dive down 650 feet, _you will notice that ligh
7、t starts fading rapidly. 解析 此处表示潜到650英尺深的时候,你会注意到光开始迅速变暗。此处表示顺承,故用and,构成祈使句+and+陈述句结构。知识4表示因果关系表示因果关系的并列连词有so和for。so表示结果,不能与because连用。for表示由于,引出的分句用逗号与前句隔开,表示补充说明,不可换为because。 She was not feeling very well, so she stayed at home all day.她觉得不太舒服,所以一整天都待在家里。 It broke out, for the birds began to sing.
8、鸟开始叫了,天亮了。(for不能换为because。鸟开始叫不是天亮的原因。)特别提醒when作并列连词时的常用句式when也可作并列连词,意为这时,那时,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:1.Sb. was doing sth. when We were having a meeting when he broke in. 我们正在开会,这时他闯了进来。2.Sb. was about to do/on the point of doing sth. when I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出
9、门,这时电话响了。3.Sb. had just done sth. when I had just left when it began to rain. 我刚离开,天就开始下雨了。状语从句在句中作状语。状语从句位于主句之前时,常用逗号隔开;位于主句之后时,一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较和让步等状语从句。知识1时间状语从句 1.when, as与while引导的时间状语从句的区别 考点1 并列连词 考点2 状语从句连词用法从句谓语动词when从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。when可指时间点,也可指时间段。延续性动词
10、或非延续性动词 续表 When I opened the door, I found everything was gone.我打开门时,发现所有东西都没了。 Please dont speak so loud while/when others are working.别人在工作时,请别那么大声讲话。连词用法从句谓语动词while从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,表示持续性的动作或状态。延续性动词as强调主从句动作同时发生,可译为一边一边,随着。延续性动词或非延续性动词 He hurried home, looking behind as he walked.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头望
11、。 3 _ she picked up the cellphone after dinner to continue with the game, she started to feel that something was wrong with her right eye. 解析 句意:她吃过晚饭拿起手机继续玩游戏时,开始觉得自己的右眼出了问题。根据句意可知,空处应用When引导时间状语从句,表示当的时候。故填When。2.表示一就的连词引导的时间状语从句 连词例句as soon asAs soon as he arrives, well start to work.他一到,我们就开始工作。
12、the+名词类:the momentthe instantthe minutethe secondThe moment I saw him, I recognized him.我一看见他,就认出了他。Well set out the minute you are ready.你一准备好,我们就出发。immediately directlyDirectly he appeared there was dead silence.他一出现便一片沉寂。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.这个男孩一见到妈妈便放声大哭。拓展延伸表示
13、一就的其他结构(1)hardly/scarcely.when.和no sooner.than.注意:这两个结构中,when/than前的主句通常用过去完成时,when/than引导的从句通常用一般过去时。当hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首时,它们所在的主句要部分倒装。 I had hardly/scarcely got home(=Hardly/Scarcely had I got home) when it began to rain.我一到家,天就开始下雨了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the tra
14、in left.我们刚到站火车就开了。(2)on+动词-ing和on+one s+名词当动词-ing和名词在意义上相对应时,这两个结构可以互换。 On his arrival(=On arriving) in Paris he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他刚到巴黎,就被认出是位贵族并被投入监狱。 3.till, until和notuntil引导的时间状语从句(1)延续性动词(肯定式)+until/till表示动作延续到为止。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
15、我们沿着河散步,一直到天黑。(2)非延续性动词(否定式)+until/till表示直到才。 He didn t know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我告诉他,他才知道这件事。(3)强调句型It is not untilthat。 It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.直到教授来了,我们才开始做实验。特别提醒1.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。 Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我,我才
16、知道这件事。2.not until置于句首时,主句要部分倒装(从句不倒装)。 Not until the film began did she arrive.直到电影开始她才到。 4 2021天津八校联考,23According to the report, this virus was never known _ it was accidentally found by a doctor. 解析 句意:据报道,这种病毒直到被一位医生意外发现才为人所知。根据句子结构及语境可知,此处表示直到,故用till或until引导时间状语从句。4.before 和since引导的时间状语从句(1)befo
17、re引导时间状语从句时词义非常灵活。 Please make sure you return the book before it s due.请确保在到期之前将书归还。(在之前) Some time passed before we got used to each other.我们相处了 一段时间才习惯彼此。(到为止;到之前) Someone called me up in the midnight, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.有人半夜给我打电话,但我还没来得及接就挂断了。(还没来得及就) 5 Think first _
18、you lose patience with someone you love. 解析 句意:在你对所爱之人失去耐心之前先想一想。结合语境可知,此处用连词before(在之前)引导时间状语从句。故填before。(2)since引导时间状语从句时表示自以来,从句一般表示动作的起点(谓语用非延续性动词),通常用一般过去时;主句表示动作的延续情况,用现在完成时。 Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.自大学毕业以来,他就在这座城市工作。特别提醒 since从句的用法since从句若用延续性动词,则表示主句的动作或状态
19、始于从句动作或状态的结束,即表示不做某事。 Three years has passed since I smoked.我戒烟已经三年了。(3)It+be+时间段+since/before句型(详见代词难点2it构成的几个易混淆的句型)5.by the time, each/every time, next time, the last time, any time, whenever引导的时间状语从句 Each/Every time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.每当我处于困境,他就会来帮助我。The last time she saw
20、 James, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候,他正躺在床上。知识2地点状语从句1.地点状语从句可用where, wherever等引导。从句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。 They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.他们正在水和阳光充足的地方植树。 Where there is smoke, there is fire.无火不生烟。/无风不起浪。2.区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句 where引导状语从句时,其前没有先行词,从句用来说明主句谓语动作发生的地点;
21、where引导定语从句时,其前有表示地点的名词作先行词,从句修饰先行词。特别提醒wherever/whenever既可以引导地点/时间状语从句,也可以引导让步状语从句。 Wherever you go, I ll follow.不管你去哪儿,我都跟随。(让步状语从句) You can go wherever you like.你可以想去哪儿就去哪儿。(地点状语从句)知识3条件状语从句1.if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if意为如果;unless(=if.not)意为如果不,除非。 The volleyball match will be put off if it rains tomor
22、row.如果明天下雨,排球比赛将会推迟。 I may not go there unless I can complete the project ahead of time.除非我能提前完成那个项目,否则我可能去不了那里。 6_we make good use of public transport, the environment will be better. 解析 句意:如果我们好好利用公共交通,环境将会更好。根据语境可知这里表示如果,应填连词If。2.in case, on condition that, providing/provided(that), supposing(tha
23、t)等引导条件状语从句。它们意思相近,意为如果/万一, 假如,在条件下。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first?如果发生火灾,我们首先做什么? Supposing(that)they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁? They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们,条件是我们在周末前归还。3.as long
24、as (= so long as)引导条件状语从句,意为只要,语气强烈。 I don t mind where you go as long as you re back before midnight.只要你在午夜之前回来,我不介意你去哪里。4.if only(如果就好了)和only if (只有)引导条件状语从句。if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气,时态要做相应变化;当only if置于句首时,主句要部分倒装。 If only I had a dog,I wouldn t be so lonely.我要是有一条狗,就不会这么孤单了。 Only if the teacher has giv
25、en permission are students allowed to leave the classroom.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。知识4让步状语从句1.although/though引导让步状语从句。从句不能与but连用,若要强调前后两部分的对比意义,可与yet或still连用。 Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy.他虽然有很多钱,但并不幸福。 7_ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we
26、still don t know. 解析 句意:尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解颇多,但是我们仍然有很多未知之事。由句意可知,此处应用引导让步状语从句的词。故填Though/Although/While。特别提醒while也可以引导让步状语从句,但从句一般放在主句前面,用逗号隔开。 While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.虽然我承认他的优点,但我还是能看到他的缺点。 2.as/though引导让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句时,从句必须倒装。though引导让步状语从句时,从句可倒装也可不倒装,但有时为了强调,把所强调的内
27、容置于though之前,构成倒装。 Young as/though he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.虽然他很年轻,但是他能用好几种外语读和写。 Though he failed, he would never give up.尽管他失败了,但他绝不会放弃。特别提醒as引导让步状语从句时,若从句是系表结构,且表语为可数名词单数,名词置于句首,其前不加冠词。 Child as he is, he has a good command of English.尽管他是个孩子,但他精通英语。3.even though/e
28、ven if(即使)引导让步状语从句。 Even though/Even if the weather is awful, we have to go there.即使天气很差,我们也得去那里。4.疑问词+-ever引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter+相应的疑问词。 He keeps taking exercise in winter no matter how(=however) cold it is.不管天气有多冷,他都坚持在冬天锻炼。 Whatever(=No matter what) we do, we should do our best.不管做什么工作,我们都应尽全力。
29、【注意】疑问词+-ever类的词既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句;no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 Whoever breaks the law deserves a fine. 违反该法律者予以罚款。(Whoever引导主语从句,此时Whoever不可换为No matter who) 5.whetheror(不管还是)引导让步状语从句。 Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管她来这儿还是我们去那儿,讨论的话题都会保持不变。 8
30、 A pair of red shoes _ they are for sports, dances or just fashion is a must-have for every Chinese womans shoe collection.解析 句意:一双红色的鞋子,不管是为了运动、跳舞,还是仅仅为了时尚,是每一位中国女性鞋子收藏中的必备品。根据句意及句子结构可知,此处应用whether.or.引导让步状语从句,故填whether。知识5原因状语从句1.引导原因状语从句的连词主要有:because, as, since, now that。具体用法如下: He didnt attend
31、classes yesterday because he was ill.因为他病了,所以他昨天没有来上课。 I cant go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去,因为我有很多工作要做。连词位置内涵语气能否回答why 能否被强调because(因为)主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as(由于)主句前或后双方都知道的原因 稍弱 不能 不能since/now that(既然)通常位于主句前 Now that/Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion.既然大家都在这儿,我们可以开
32、始讨论了。 9 2021江苏启东期中,63At that time I hated music, just _ it was what they wanted me to do. 解析 句意:那时我讨厌音乐,只是因为那是他们想让我做的。分析句子结构及语境可知,此处表原因,应用连词because。2.when(既然), in that(因为)等也可以引导原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然步行5分钟就能到那里,你却傻傻地乘出租车。 It can be c
33、ounted as a success in that it has built up substantial sales. 这可以算作一次成功之举,因为它使销量大大增加了。知识6目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。1.so that与in order that表示为了,以便。其引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could, may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 I am studying har
34、d so that/in order that I can go to a famous university.为了能上一所名牌大学,我正努力学习。 In order that we could save time we used the computer.我们使用计算机是为了能节省时间。(In order that不可换用So that)2.for fear that 表示生怕/以免,in case表示以防。 He worked hard for fear that he might be fired by the boss.他拼命干活以免被老板解雇。 You d better take t
35、he keys in case Im out.你最好带上钥匙,以防我不在家。知识7结果状语从句so.that.和such.that.引导结果状语从句,表示如此以至于。1.结构形式 There was so little food at home that we had to go out to buy some.家里几乎没有食物了,我们只好出去买一些。 Mike is such an honest worker (=so honest a worker) that we all believe him. 迈克是一个非常诚实的工人,我们都相信他。 He made such rapid progr
36、ess that he was praised by his teacher.他进步非常快,老师表扬了他。巧学妙记区别sothat和suchthat名前such,形副so,that从句跟在后;little特小用such,四个多少要用so。特别提醒 当so.或such.置于句首时,主句要倒装。 So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.他走得非常快,我们无人能跟得上。2.so/suchthat与so/suchas的区别(1)so/suchthat引导结果状语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用。 It is such a mo
37、ving film that we all want to see it.这是一部非常感人的电影,我们都想看。 (2)在so/suchas中,as引导定语从句,as在从句中作主语或宾语等。 It is such a moving film as we all want to see.这是一部非常感人的、我们都想看的电影。 10 2020山东济南针对性训练,37The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea _ they have developed an entire Tea Culture. 解析 句意:中国人与茶的关系如此密切,以至于
38、形成了完整的茶文化。此处用such.that引导结果状语从句,故填that。知识8方式状语从句1.as(照方式)引导方式状语从句。They did as I had asked.他们是按照我的要求做的。 11 The house has been greatly damaged by the truck and wed better leave it _ it is until the police arrive. 解析 句意:卡车已严重破坏了这座房子,我们最好让它保持原样直到警察到来。as引导方式状语从句,意为像一样,leave it as it is意为让它保持原样。故填as。2.as i
39、f/as though引导方式状语从句。从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。 He likes to talk big as if he were an important person.他爱说大话,仿佛他是一位重要人物似的。(虚拟语气) He walked as though he was drunk.他走起路来就像喝醉了一样。(陈述语气)知识9比较状语从句比较状语从句常由asas, than, not soas等引导。详见考点3形容词和副词的比较等级部分。 在时间、让步、方式、地点、条件状语从句中,为了使语言更加简洁、生动,经常使用省略形式。 While
40、(I was) in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京时,我参观了颐和园。(时间状语从句,连词+介宾短语) 难点 状语从句的省略 Though (it is) cold, he still wore a shirt.虽然天气冷,但他仍然穿一件衬衫。(让步状语从句,连词+形容词) He is running here and there as if (he is) looking for something lost.他在到处跑仿佛在寻找丢的什么东西一样。(方式状语从句,连词+现在分词) Put a comma where (it
41、is) needed.在需要的地方加一个逗号。(地点状语从句,连词+过去分词) Unless (it is)necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要,你最好不要查词典。(条件状语从句,连词+形容词) 12 It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes. 解析 句意:天太冷了,除非你严严实实地裹上厚衣服,否则你不能去外面。根据句意可知,空处应填unless除非,此处为条件状语从句的省略,将其补充完整为:unless you a
42、re fully covered in thick clothes。故填unless。特别提醒 特殊的省略结构:if省略结构,常用作插入语。if so如果这样的话 if not不然的话if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话if any如果有的话 If necessary, ring me. 如有必要,给我打电话。 If possible, let me know beforehand. 如有可能,提前让我知道。 There are few, if any, mistakes in the book.那本书里,如果有错误,也不多。 考法1 考查并列连词考法2
43、考查状语从句中的连词 解题能力提升命题透视 高考中对并列连词的考查主要集中在祈使句+and/or+陈述句句式上。and表示顺承;or表示选择或否则;so表示因果。方法点拨做考查并列连词的题目时,只有理清前后词语或分句之间的逻辑关系,恰当理解语境,方可轻松解题。另外,还要注意一些固定结构(both.and.,either.or.,not.but.等)和句式(祈使句+and/or+陈述句,sb. was doing sth. when.等)。 考法1 考查并列连词 13 2019全国,67 I work not because I have to, _ because I want to. 解析
44、句意:我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作。此处考查固定结构not.but.,表示不是而是。故填but。考法总结 做此类题的关键在于分析空处前后之间的关系,有时也可根据固定结构来判断应该填哪个连词。 命题透视 高考中考查状语从句的题目较少,常考的是时间状语从句的引导词(when,while,as等)。同时,还应注意其他状语从句的引导词(where,if,unless,because,so/such.that,so that,though/although等)。方法点拨1.正确理解句意,判断主从句之间的关系,从而确定从句的类型。2.筛选引导此类状语从句的连词,确定符合语境的连词。3.熟练掌握as,since,while等可以引导多种状语从句的连词 考法2 考查状语从句中的连词 14 2019天津,13 Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _ he wants their support. 解析 句意:汤姆很独立,他从来都不问他父母的意见,除非他需要他们的支持。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,应用unless(除非)引导条件状语从句,故填unless。
