1、许渊冲-诗译英法唯一人 ，北京大学教授，翻译家。在国内外出版中、英、法文著译六十本，包括诗经、楚辞、李白诗选、西厢记、红与黑、包法利夫人、追忆似水年华等中外名著，是有史以来将中国历代诗词译成英、法韵文的唯一专家。2019年被提名为诺贝尔文学奖候选人。翁显良（），笔名子羽。翻译家。广东顺德人。年毕业于中山大学政治系。年加入中国共产党。曾任粤赣湘力区纵队武工队副队长，香港虎报、德蔬西报记者。建国后，历任南方日报记者、编辑，广州外国语学院副教授，暨南大学教授、外语系副主任，世界文艺杂志主编，中国英语教学研究会、中国美国文学研究会理事，广东省语言文学学会副会长。中译英有古诗英译、一代新人在成长，著有意
2、志由来画不成？、英语语音教程等。按音律分：1， 古体诗（古诗， 楚辞， 乐府）2. 近体诗（律诗+ 绝句）3。词4. 曲爱情诗，这是以爱情（包括悼亡）为题材的诗，也称“情歌”、“闺怨诗”。爱情诗自诗经起，源远流长，主要描写男女爱慕之情和爱情生活，或抒发离别相思之情。如兼葭、迢迢牵牛星、无题（“相见时难别亦难”李商隐）、鹊桥仙（“纤云弄巧”秦观）等等。2019年浙江卷菩萨蛮 李白亦属于这一类。 讽刺诗，这是以嘲讽或劝喻手法，揭露社会黑暗、世态炎凉，表达人民或正人直士呼声的诗歌，亦称“讽喻诗”，有时也称“政治讽刺诗”。讽刺诗同样源远流长，自诗经起直到现代从未消失。如硕鼠、伐檀、蜂（唐罗隐）、题临安
3、邸（南宋林升）等等。2019年春季高考北京卷陆龟蒙的新沙就属于这一类。 哲理诗，这是一种通过对具体事物的描述、议论，来寄寓或阐发某种哲理的诗歌。有的点明主题，有的含而不露，引人思考。著名的如苏轼的题西林壁、琴诗等。此外，有些诗本身不是哲理诗，只是其中有的诗句富有哲理，如“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”，“青山遮不住，毕竟东流去”等，这类诗不归入哲理诗范畴。 送别诗，这也是最早出现、最为常见的题材之一，主要抒写离情别恨，或用以激励劝勉，或用以表达深情厚谊，或用以抒发别离之愁。因为送别常与登山临水相联系，故又称“山水送别诗”。如送杜少府之任蜀川（王勃）、送孟浩然之广陵（李白）、别董大二首（高适）
4、等。2019年全国卷中的赋得暮雨送李胄（韦应物）属于这类诗。 记行诗又称记游诗、行旅诗。这类诗或描述个人游历见闻感受，或表现思亲怀乡之情，叙事与抒情相结合。其内容描写离不开山水，所以又称“山水记行诗”。这与纯粹的山水诗略有区别，是“以记行抒情”为主的。如杜甫的旅夜抒怀、马致远的秋思，只作记行诗，不可视作山水诗。2019年全国卷中的春夜洛城闻笛（李白）属于这类诗。1. 高度集中， 概括反映生活；2. 包含丰富的思想感情；3.丰富的想象；4. 音乐美赋赋赋就是铺陈直叙，即是人把思想感情及其有关的事物平铺直叙地表达出来。在篇幅较长的诗作中，铺陈与排比往往是结合在一起用的。铺排系将一连串内容紧密关联的
5、景观物象、事态现象、人物形象和性格行为，按照一定的顺序组成一组结构基本相同、语气基本一致的句群。比比比就是比方，是其中最基本的手法，用得最为普遍。以彼物比此物，诗人有本事或情感，借一个事物作比喻 一般说，用来作比的喻体事物总比被比的本体事物更加生动具体、鲜明浅近而为人们所知，便于人们联想和想象。形象生动，鲜明突出事物（事情）的特征。诗经中比的运用很广泛，比较好理解。其中整首都以拟物手法表达感情的比体诗，如魏风硕鼠小雅鹤鸣，独具特色：而一首诗中部分运用比的手法，更是丰富。卫风硕人，描绘庄姜之美，用了一连串的比“手如柔荑，肤如凝脂，领如蝤蛴，齿如瓠犀，螓首蛾眉，巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮”。兴兴兴，先言他
6、物以引起所咏之词。从特征上讲，有直接起兴、兴中含比两种情况；从使用上讲，有篇头起兴和兴起兴结两种形式。激发读者的联想，增强了意蕴，产生了形象鲜明、诗意盎然的艺术效果。1. 特殊的声与字组合青青河畔草，郁郁园中柳。 盈盈楼上女，皎皎当窗牖。 娥娥红粉妆，纤纤出素手。 昔为倡家女，今为荡子妇， 荡子行不归，空床难独守。1一片春愁待酒浇，江上舟摇，楼上帘招。 秋娘渡与泰娘桥，风又飘飘，雨又萧萧。 何日归家洗客袍？银字笙调，心字香烧。 流光容易把人抛，红了樱桃，绿了芭蕉。1， 春蚕到死丝方尽， 蜡炬成灰泪始干2.杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声。 东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。1故国三千里，深宫二十年
7、。 一声何满子，双泪落君前。打起黄莺儿，打起黄莺儿， 莫教枝上啼。莫教枝上啼。啼时惊妾梦，啼时惊妾梦， 不得到辽西。不得到辽西。枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家， 古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下， 断肠人在天涯。繁华事散逐香尘， 流水无情草自春。 日暮东风怨啼鸟， 落花犹似坠楼人。2THE OLD PALACE By Du Mu A wilderness alone remains, all garden glories gone; The river runs unheeded by, weeds grow unheeded on. Dusk comes, the east wind blows, a
8、nd birds pipe forth a mournful sound Petals, like nymphs from balconies, comes tumbling to the ground. 多情却似总无情 唯觉樽前笑不成 蜡烛有心还惜别 替人垂泪到天明How can a deep love seem a deep love. How can it smile, at a farewell feast? Even the candle, feeling our sadness, Weeps, as we do, all night long. Oh, drive the gold
9、en oriolesFrom off our garden tree!Their warbling broke the dream whereinMy lover smiled to me. (TR. Fletcher)Drive otioles off the treeFor their songs awake meFrom dreaming of my dearFar off on the frontier. （许译）向晚意不适， 驱车登古原。夕阳无限好， 只是近黄昏。With twilight shadows in my heartI have driven up among the L
10、eyou TombsTo see the sun， for all his glory，Buried by the coming night.李清照寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来（晓来）风急？雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？守著窗儿独自，怎生得黑！（守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑？）梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个愁字了得！（？）I look for what I miss;I miss not what it is.I feel so sad,so drear,So lonely,without c
11、heer.How hard is itTo keep me fitIn this lingering cold!Hardly warmed upBy cup on cupOf wine so dry,O how could IEndure at dusk the driftOf wind so swift?It breaks my heart,alas!To see the wild geese pass,For they are my acquaintances of old.The ground is covered with yellow flowers,Faded and fallen
12、 in showers.Who will pick them up now?Sitting alone at the window,howCould I but quickenThe pace of darkness that wont thicken?On planes broad leaves a fine rain drizzlesAs twilight grizzles.O what can I do with a griefBeyond belief?枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯瘦马夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯To Th
13、e Tune Of Tian Jing Sha Autumn Thought Withered vine, old tree, crows at dusk, Tiny bridge, flowing brook, and cottages, Ancient road, bleak wink, bony steed. The sun sinking west, A heart-torn traveler at the end of the world. 1. Tune: Tian Jing Sha Withered vines hanging on old branches, Returning
14、 crows croaking at dusk. A few houses hidden past a narrow bridge And below the bridge a quiet creek running. Down a worn path, in the west wind, A lean horse comes plodding. The sun dips down in the west And the lovesick traveler is still at the end of the world. 登鹳雀楼登鹳雀楼 Onthestorktower王之涣王之涣 Wang
15、zhihuan白日依山白日依山尽，尽， Thesunalongthemountainbows;黄河入海黄河入海流。流。 Theyellowriverseawardsflows.欲穷千里欲穷千里目，目， Youwillenjoyagrandersight;更上一层更上一层楼。楼。 Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.A Tranquil Night Abed, I see a silver light, I wonder if its frost aground. Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickne
16、ss Im drowned. In the Quiet Night So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed- Could there have been a frost already? Lifting my head to look, I found that it was moonlight. Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home. 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急?雁过也，正伤心、却是旧时相识。满地黄花堆积，憔悴损、而今有谁堪摘?守着窗儿
17、，独自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个愁字了得!Ive a sense of something missing I must seek.Everything about me looks dismal and bleak.Nothing that gives me pleasure, I can find.Even the weather has proved most unkind. It is warm, but abruptly it turns cold again.An unbroken rest most difficult to. obtain.Thre
18、e cups of thin wine would utterly fail.To cope with the rising evening gale.Myself, into woe, a flight of wild geese has thrown.But with them, very familiar I have grown.About the ground, cluysandiernums are bestrewn. Gathering into heaps-bruised-withering soon. With myself in utter misery and gloom
19、, Who cares to save them from their approaching doom?Standing by the window-watching in anguish stark,Could I bear alone the sight until it is dark?Against the tung and plane trees, the wind rises high.The drizzle becomes trickles, as even draws nigh.How, in the word Miserable, can one find-The tota
20、l effects of all these on the mind! So dim, so dark, So dense, so dull, So damp, sodank, So dead!The weather, now warm, now cold, Makes it harder .Than ever to forget!How can a few cups of thin wine/Bring warmth against .The chilly winds of sunset?I recognize the geese flying overhead: My old friend
21、s, Bring not the old memories back!Let fallen flowers lie where they fall. To what purpose .And for whom should 1 decorate?By the window shut, Guarding it alone, To see the sky has turned so black!And the drizzle on the kola nut. Keeps on droning: Pit-a-pat, pit-a-pat!Is this the kind of mood and mo
22、ment. To be expressed By one word sad?杨宪益夫妇译本：杨宪益夫妇译本：Seeking, seeking, Chilly and quiet, Desolate, painful and miserable.Even when its warmer there is still a chill It is most difficult to keep well.Three or two cups of light wine, How can they ward off the strong？Wild geese fly past, while Im brok
23、en-hearted; ButI recoze they are my old friends.Fallen chrysanthemums piled up on the ground,So withered，Who would pluck them up now?Leaning on the window, How can I pass the time till night alone?The drizzle falls on the wutong trees, Raindrops drip down at dusk.At a time like this, What immense so
24、rrow I must bear!许渊冲译本：许渊冲译本：I look for what I miss; I know not what it is. I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer.How hard is it To keep me fit In this lingering cold!By cup on cup Of wine so dry Oh, how could I Endure at dusk the drift Of wind so swift?It breaks my heart, alas, To see t
25、he wild geese pass, For they are my acquaintances of old.The ground is covered with yellow flowers, Fadedand fallen in showers. Who will pick them up now?Sitting alone at the window, how Could I but quicken The pace of darkness that wont thicken?On planes broad leaves a fine rain drizzles As twilight grizzles.Oh, what can I do with a grief Beyond belief!
