1、Definition Personality refers to those relatively stable and enduring aspects of the individual which distinguish him from other people, and at the same time, form the basis of our predictions concerning his future behavior.特质论特质论 始于始于20世纪世纪 四十年代四十年代Trait Theory Theorists: Cattell and Eysenck 从人格构成的
2、微观角度出发，分析从人格构成的微观角度出发，分析 个体人格所包含的内容单元，即特个体人格所包含的内容单元，即特 质论。质论。人格类型论人格类型论 上世纪上世纪30、40年代开始年代开始Personality type 根据某种标准对人群进行划分根据某种标准对人群进行划分,描描 述个体差异。述个体差异。 Take a glance at these theoriespersonality人格人格类型类型论论单一类型模式单一类型模式T型人格型人格对立类型模式对立类型模式 A-B型人格理论型人格理论多元型模式多元型模式6种种多元型模多元型模式式气质类型论气质类型论 “四液说四液说” 多血质多血质sa
3、nguine temperament 、 粘液质、粘液质、phlegmatic temperament 胆汁质、胆汁质、choleric temperament 抑郁质抑郁质melancholic temperament 体型类型论体型类型论 谢尔顿谢尔顿 内脏型、肌肉型、脑髓型内脏型、肌肉型、脑髓型心理类型论心理类型论 荣格（荣格（8种）种） 外倾思维型（外倾思维型（the extroverted thinking type） 内倾思维型（内倾思维型（the introverted thinking type） 外倾情感型（外倾情感型（the extroverted feeling type
4、） 内倾情感型（内倾情感型（the introverted feeling type) 外倾感觉型（外倾感觉型（the extroverted sensation type） 内倾感觉型（内倾感觉型（the introverted sensation type 外倾直觉型（外倾直觉型（the extroverted intuitive type） 内倾直觉型（内倾直觉型（the introverted intuitive type) 生活风格论生活风格论 阿德勒阿德勒 统治、获取、回避三种破坏统治、获取、回避三种破坏 性风格和社会利益建设型风格性风格和社会利益建设型风格认知类型论认知类型论 卡
5、根卡根 冲动冲动沉思型沉思型 威特金威特金 场独立场独立场依存型场依存型价值观类型论价值观类型论 斯普兰格斯普兰格 经济型、理论型、艺术型、经济型、理论型、艺术型、 宗教型、权力型、社会型宗教型、权力型、社会型Test The three best known are :vEPQ - Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, (by Eysenck in 1975); vMBTIvThe Five Factor Mode (by Costa and McCrae,1922)MBTIvFull Name: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
6、 vThe MBTI is a self-report questionnaire that assesses type preferences vIt was developed in the 1940s by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katherine Cook Briggs.vThey designed the questionnaire based on Jungs psychological types.Carl Gustav Jung, (1875 - 1961), Swiss psychologist and analyst, th
7、e founder of analytical psychology.Carl Jung was an intellectual precocity(智力早熟) , his eccentric personality(性格孤僻), rich imagination. Due to different opinions, the relationship between two people finally rupture. He is famous for his analytic psychology for the collective unconscious and psychologi
8、cal type theory .He is Freuds most controversial disciple.vJung 的心理类型理论最早是体现在心理类型一书中，它旨在揭示，描述和解释个体行为表现的差异。vJung 阐述了提供临床观察和心理分析得出的个体行为差异的3个维度：v外倾Extraversion-内倾: Introversionv感觉Sensing-直觉Intuitionv思考Thinking-情感Feelingv判断Judgment-知觉Perception八种人格类型八种人格类型Added by M&BTherefore, MBTI contains four separa
9、te indices. Each indices reflect one of four basic preferences. The MBTI preferences indicate the differences in people based on the following: vHow they focus their attention or get their energy (Extraversion or Introversion)vHow they perceive or take in information (Sensing or iNtuition)vHow they
10、prefer to make decisions (Thinking or Feeling)vWhat lifestyle a person prefers (Judgment or Perception) How they focus their attention or get their energyvExtraversion(外倾)- Introversion(内倾) index measures attitudes concerning whether to direct perception judgment mainly on the outer world or on the
11、inner world of ideas.vJung defined introversion as an attitude-type characterized by orientation in life through subjective psychic contents (focus on ones inner psychic activity); vExtraversion was defined as an attitude type characterized by concentration of interest on the external object, (the o
12、utside world). How they perceive or take in information Sensing(感觉)-Intuition(直觉) index focuses on the process of perception as being either depending on observable facts which can be determined beyond the conscious mind How they prefer to make decisionsvThinking(思考)-Feeling(情感) index reflect a pers
13、ons process of judgment as relying primarily on thinking to decide impersonally through logical thought or as relying on feeling to decide on the basis of personal or social values. What lifestyle a person prefersvJudgment(判断)- Perception(知觉) index described a persons style of dealing with the outsi
14、de world either by using a judgment process involving thinking or feeling or by using a perceptive process involving either sensing or intuition. 4 2 =16vESFPISFPENFJ INFJvESTPISTPENFP INFP vESFJISFJ ENTPINTP vESTJISTJ ENTJ INTJ ISTJIntrovertedSensingThinkingJudging 1+1+1+14vSerious and quiet, inter
15、ested in security and peaceful living. vExtremely thorough, responsible, and dependable. Well-developed powers of concentration. vUsually interested in supporting and promoting traditions and establishments. Well-organized and hard working, they work steadily towards identified goals. vThey can usua
16、lly accomplish any task once they have set their mind to it. http:/ ReferencesvMyers, I. B. & McCaulley, M. H. Manual: A guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc,1985v李小新, 贺峰，“人格类型论”，宿州教育学院学报, 2012, (5): 33-35.v伊莎贝尔.布里格斯.迈尔斯，彼得迈尔斯,天资差异（张荣建译）重庆: 重庆出版社. 2008.1
