1、2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）（附答案解析）Part IWriting(30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive . You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIList
2、ening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the f
3、our choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Two.B) Three.C) Four.D) Five.2. A) He called the police after the accident.B) He broke his arm in
4、the accident.C) He was caught taking drugs.D) He was arrested by the police.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) A cure to brain cancer.B) A new surgical instrument.C) A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D) A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4. A)
5、 Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B) Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C) Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D) Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) To collect scientific data on
6、it .C) To take photos of the storm on it.B) To monitor the storm on it.D) To investigate its environment.6. A) It has lasted for nearly 350 years.B) It has lasted for more that 350 months.C) It seems to be getting smaller.D) It seems to be getting larger.7. A) What initially caused the storm.C) What
7、 is the impact of the storm.B) What is underneath the storm.D) What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only o
8、nce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.第 7 页Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Its for disabled
9、adults.B) Its in a sports centre.C) Its rewarding and challenging.D) Its compulsive in her community.9. A) The skills they need.B) The products they have.C) The market they target.D) The language they require.10. A) Diversify markets and sales strategies.B) Reduce costs and jobs.C) Learn from other
10、companies.D) Listen to the opinions of experts.11. A) The salary and the workload.B) The office hour and the penalty system.C) The welfare and the holiday system.D) The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Double-decker b
11、uses.B) The traffic in London.C) Bus routes.D) Travels in Britain.13. A) It has no windows.B) People get onto it at the front.C) It has two carriages.D) It is open at the back.14. A) Uncomfortable.B) Noisy.C) Dangerous.D) Shabby.15. A) Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B) Bendy buses are m
12、ore environmentally friendly.C) Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D) Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
13、 spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They had four
14、 toes.B) They were not as big as dogs.C) They lived in South America.D) They lived in thick forests.17. A) They had long legs and a long tail.B) They were smaller and had front eyes.C) They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D) They were bigger and had long legs.18. A) They evolved into donkeys in
15、Asia and Africa.B) They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C) They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D) They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Being rejected by friends and teachers.B) Staying
16、away from his native land.C) Adapting to new study expectations.D) Keeping a balance between study and job.20. A) Talking with older brothers or sisters.C) Starting a conversation with close friends.B) Having a casual talk with a college student.D) Playing with friends on the same sports team.21. A)
17、 Follow traditions of with a college student.C) Respect the customs of different colleges.B) Take part in as many activities as possible.D) Take others advice as reference only.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)They tend to harm wildlife.C) They are thrown away ev
18、erywhere.B) They are hardly recyclable.D) They are made from useless materials.23. A) It is fatal.B) It is weird.C) It is very serious.D) It is complicated.24. A) The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B) The oceans ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C) Humans ea
19、t the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D) Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25. A) Its use has been drastically reduced.C) Most products use natural materials.B) It is still an indispensable material.D) The use of plastic items will be charged.Part Reading
20、 Comprehension( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in th
21、e bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A third of the planets land is severely degr
22、aded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of 24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming 26 , which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases, will ass to th
23、e risks of conflicts unless 27 actions are implemented, warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows, competition is 28 for land within countries and globally,” said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat De
24、sertification (UNCCD) at the launch of the Global Land Outlook. “ To 29 the losses, the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is 30 as the most comprehensive study of its type, mapping the i
25、nterlinked impacts of urbanization, climate change, erosion and forest loss. But the biggest factor is the 31 of industrial farming . Heavy tilling, multiple harvests ans 32 use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the 33 of long-term sustainability. If the past 20 years, agricultural productio
26、n has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled, notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission. Over time, however, this 34 fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35desertification.A) absorbB) abundantC) billedD) declineE
27、) diminishesF) expansionG) expenseH) intensifyingI) limitedJ) minimizeK) occasionallyL) optimizesM) rateN) remedialO) ultimatelySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs
28、. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Take Naps at Work. Apologize to No OneA In the past two weeks Ive taken three
29、naps at work, a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock. And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it. I couldnt feel better about it, and my productivity reflects it , too.B Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afterno
30、on walk-that were taught to look down on. If someone naps at 2 p. m. while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails, surely it must mean theyre slacking off (偷懒). Or so the assumption goes.C Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of product
31、ivity. Its easier to stay on a virtual hamster (仓鼠) wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time. But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of
32、 greater productivity.D Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday, said Josh Bersin, Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte. “Theyre beginning to realize that this is their problem ,and they cant just say to
33、 people, Heres a work-life balance course, go teach yourself how to manage your inbox, ”Mr. Bersin said. “Its way more complicated than that.”E To be sure, the ability to nap at work is far from widespread, experts said. Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozef
34、est. But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out, and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.F In an ideal world, wed all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good nights sleep. Heres our
35、guide on how to do just that .But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when youre dragging after lunch.G In a study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day. Performance deteriorated with each te
36、st, but subjects who took a 30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance, and those who took a 60-minute nap even reversed it.H “Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.” said Sara Mednick, a co-author of the study and asso
37、ciate professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside.I Dr. Mednick, a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap! Change Your Life , said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep, and different types of naps offer specific benefits.J For example, Dr. Me
38、dnick said a 20-to 60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information. Its just long enough to enter stage-two sleep, or non-rapid eye movement (R.E.M.) sleep.K After 60 minutes, you start getting into R.E.M. sleep, most often associated with that deep, dreaming sta
39、te we all enjoy at night R.E.M. sleep can improve creativity, perceptual processing and highly associativethinking , which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas, Dr. Mednick said. Beyond that , your best bet is a 90-minute nap, which will give you a full sleep cycle.L Any nap, howev
40、er, can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day, experts said.M So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied (紧密相连) to working long,concentrated hours? Blame technology, but think broader than smartphones and lap
41、tops; the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.N “We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it, ” Mr.Bersin said. “They were assuming that if we give people more tools, more emails, more Slack , more chatter, and well just
42、assume they can figure out how to deal with it all. And I think theyve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem , and it is affecting productivity, engagement, health, safety, wellness and all sorts of things.”O It isnt just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta (午睡). A 2015
43、 study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.P “Theyre active in the morning, then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but theyre not generally napping,” sai
44、d Jerome Siegel, professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences, and director of the U.C.L.A. Center for Sleep Research, a co-author of the study. “ Then they do some work and go to sleep, and they sleep through the night.”Q Still, Mr. Siegel said, “the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepine
45、ss and fatigue starts the night before with a solid nights sleep.” The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night, which experts say is optimal.R “Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,” Mr. Siegel said. “But its not a
46、s simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”S He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning, even if you cant get to sleep at the same time every night, This helps acclimate ( 使适应) your body to your regular wake-up time, regardless of
47、how much sleep you got the night before.T So if youve made it this far and youre interested in giving workday naps a try (or just starting to nod off ) , heres a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet, unoccupied space where you wont be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible ( or in
48、vest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office ). Earplugs might help. too.Aim for around 20 minutes. Any longer than that and youre likely to wake up with sleep inertia ( 睡 眠 惰性) ，which will leave you even groggier (头脑昏沉的) than before.36. Participants perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article in Nature Neuroscience.37. Jerome
