1、analysing, mindmap, summary, retellinglanguage pointsobserve vt.观察观察(到到)，看到，注意到；注视；遵守；庆祝，看到，注意到；注视；遵守；庆祝observe sb do sth看到看到/注意到某人做了某事注意到某人做了某事observe sb doing sth 看到看到/注意到某人正做某事注意到某人正做某事reserve n.(动植物动植物)保护区；储藏保护区；储藏(量量)vt.预订；预留；保留预订；预留；保留with/without reserve 有有/无保留地无保留地nature reserve 自然保护区自然保护区re
2、serve a table 预订餐桌预订餐桌reserve the right 保留权利保留权利make out看清；分清；听清；辨认出；理解看清；分清；听清；辨认出；理解make up组成；编造；化妆；弥补组成；编造；化妆；弥补make of 由由组成组成 (可以看出原材料可以看出原材料)make from 由由组成组成 (看不出原材料看不出原材料)make it 获得成功；渡过难关；准时到达获得成功；渡过难关；准时到达language pointsattack n.&v.攻击；抨击攻击；抨击heart attack/disease心脏病心脏病under attack 受到攻击受到攻击be/
3、get attacked 被攻击；被袭击被攻击；被袭击recover vi.恢复；康复恢复；康复vt.找回；寻回找回；寻回 n.康复；恢复康复；恢复recover from 从从中康复中康复recover oneself 站稳；静下心来；恢复过来站稳；静下心来；恢复过来make a full recovery 全面康复全面康复remove vt.去除；移开；脱去；搬走去除；移开；脱去；搬走remove from 从从中移开中移开/搬走搬走/去除去除remove to.from. 从从搬到搬到intend vi.&vt.打算；计划；想要打算；计划；想要intention n.打算；意图；目的打算
4、；意图；目的be intended for专为专为而设计的而设计的be intended to do sth 打算做某事打算做某事intend doing/to do sth 打算打算/计划计划/想要做某事想要做某事threat n.威胁；恐吓威胁；恐吓threaten vt.威胁；危及威胁；危及(a) threat to对对的威胁的威胁threaten sb with sth 用某物威胁某人用某物威胁某人threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事威胁要做某事be threatened by 受到受到的威胁的威胁Reading and Thinking1. To our left, s
5、now-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. snow-covered 被雪覆盖的n-past participle=形容词使用这种构词法的例子如：2. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why were hereto observe Tibetan antelopes.定语从句， 先行词为clouds，关系词为that, 在定语从句中作
6、主语， 不可以省略，定语从句的谓语动词单复数由先行词的单复数来决定，故为seem表语从句，说明主语是什么computer-aided 计算机辅助的hand-made 手工制成的state-owned 国有的heart-felt 衷心的heart-broken 伤心的value-added 有附加值的make out 看出，辨认出work out 解决，算出，break out 爆发figure out 解决；想出；理解；put out 熄灭set out 出发，开始做carry out 执行give out 分发【语境应用语境应用】根据汉语提示完成下列句子。根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1) 你能
7、看清山谷另一端的物体是什么吗？你能看清山谷另一端的物体是什么吗？ _ _ _ _ what the object is on the other side of the valley?2) 到今天为止，我也没弄明白为什么我会那样做。到今天为止，我也没弄明白为什么我会那样做。 To the present day, _ _ _ _ why I did so. Can you make out I cant make out3) Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt _ _ (听清听清) what he was say
8、ing. make out2. This is why were hereto observe Tibetan antelopes.observe vt. to see and notice something 观察观察(到到)；注视；注视；to do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement 遵守遵守eg Scientists have observed a drop in ozone levels over the Antarctic.科学家已经观察到南极洲上方的臭氧浓度下降了。科学家已经观察到南极洲上方的臭氧浓
9、度下降了。 People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception. 人们必须遵纪守法，谁都不应该例外。人们必须遵纪守法，谁都不应该例外。【归纳归纳】observe sth. 观察某物观察某物observe sb. do sth 观察某人做某事（全过程）观察某人做某事（全过程）observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事观察某人正在做某事observe that. 观察到观察到.observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则遵守交通规则【点津点津】observe sb. do sth. 结构如果
10、改成被动语态，应补上省略的结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略的to，即即 sb. be observed to do sth.。【语境应用】单句语法填空【语境应用】单句语法填空1) I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been _ (observe). 2) When I passed his house, I observed him _ (play) in his yard.3) Last night Bruce was observed _ (leave) the building with two you
11、ng men and take a taxi away.observingplayingto leave【拓展拓展】observer n. 观察者；旁听者；评论员观察者；旁听者；评论员observation n. 观察，评论观察，评论3. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, Im struck by their beauty. “Watching them” 在句中做伴随状语。在句中做伴随状语。现在分词（短语）作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方现在分词（短语）作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式或结果。从时间上看，现在分词的一
12、般式表示的动作与谓式或结果。从时间上看，现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；从语态上看，语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；从语态上看，现在分词往往表示主动的动作，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词往往表示主动的动作，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语。时间状语（相当于时间状语从句）时间状语（相当于时间状语从句）eg Having persuaded him to change his mind, I went on a jouney with him.原因状语（相当于原因状语从句）原因状语（相当于原因状语从句）eg Being ill, the athlete c
13、ouldnt take part in the marathon.条件状语（相当于条件状语从句）条件状语（相当于条件状语从句）eg Turning right, you will find the staium where we train. 让步状语（相当于让步状语从句）让步状语（相当于让步状语从句）eg Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.结果状语结果状语The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.伴随状语伴随状语He at the table, readi
14、ng China Daily.【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)（2020全国全国III卷）卷）Theyll come rushing in, _ (say) their handbags been stolen.2)（2019江苏卷）江苏卷）A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ (reflect) mans intelligence and creativity. sayingreflectingReading and Thinking3. Watching them move slowly across t
15、he green grass, Im struck by their beauty. Im also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.4. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “Were not trying to save the animals,” he says, “Actually, were trying to save
16、 ourselves.”Watching them move.现在分词作状语，在此处表示时间，注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致，wtach与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系。现在进行时态的被动语态，表示正在被.: be being done.protecting the wildlife.动名词作主语，表示常态，主语和表语可以互换位置。 Reading and Thinking5. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make pro
17、fits. 6. In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. 7. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe
18、from cars and trains.keep safe from attacks保持安全免受攻击keep safe from cars and trains保持安全免受汽车火车带来的危险keep safe from.保持安全免受.的危险/危害介词by 表示增加或减少的幅度，如：increased by 5,000，增加了5,000个介词to 表示增加或减少到某个程度，to+增加或减少后的数字，如：incresed to 5,000，增加到5,000个place.under sbs protection 把.置于.的保护下4. Zhaxi and other volunteers watc
19、hed over antelopes day and night to keep them from attacks. day and night: all the time; continuously 日日夜夜；夜以继日日夜夜；夜以继日日eg Tom kept a fire burning eg Tom kept a fire burning day and nightday and night. . Tom Tom让一堆火日夜不熄地一直燃着让一堆火日夜不熄地一直燃着。【拓展拓展】 now and then 时而；不时时而；不时 more or less 或多或少或多或少 here and
20、there 到处到处 sooner or later 迟早迟早 back and forth 来回地来回地 up and down 上上下下上上下下attack n. an act of violence that is intended to hurt a person or damage a place the act of using weapons against an enemy in a war vt./vi. to start using guns, bomb etc against an enemy in a war 进攻；进攻；袭击袭击 to use violence to
21、hurt a person or damage a place 袭击；破坏袭击；破坏 if something such as a disease, insect, or chemical attacks something, it damages it病、虫或化学物病、虫或化学物给给造成伤害造成伤害; ; 侵袭，侵蚀侵袭，侵蚀袭击；攻击袭击；攻击进攻；攻击进攻；攻击eg There have been several attacks on foreigners recently. 最近发生了几宗袭击外国人的事件。最近发生了几宗袭击外国人的事件。 The attack began at daw
22、n. 进攻在拂晓开始。进攻在拂晓开始。 Most wild animals wont attack unless they are provoked. 大多数野生动物若非被激怒，是不会主动攻击的。大多数野生动物若非被激怒，是不会主动攻击的。 The virus seems to have attacked his throat. 病毒看来已经侵蚀到他喉部了。病毒看来已经侵蚀到他喉部了。【归纳归纳】 1) attack sb. for sth. 由于某事而责难某人由于某事而责难某人 attack sb. with sth. 用用攻击某人攻击某人 attack on/against 向向攻击攻击
23、be attacked with a disease 患病患病 2) launch/make an attack on/upon 向向进行攻击进行攻击 be under attack 受到攻击受到攻击【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1) 飞机开始攻击这座城市。飞机开始攻击这座城市。 The planes began their _ _ the city.2) 昨天晚上一位女士遭到三个年轻男人袭击。昨天晚上一位女士遭到三个年轻男人袭击。 A woman _ _ by three young men last night.3) 疾病已经侵袭了他的大脑。疾病已经侵袭了他的大脑。 Th
24、e disease _ _ his brain. has attackedattacks onwas attackedReading and Thinking表示保护表示保护.免受免受.的危害的表达方法的危害的表达方法1. save sb from.2. protec sb from.3. keep sb safe from.4. defend from.防卫免受.的攻击5. be free from.远离.的危害在这些表达方式中，介词from 后+引起危害的名词，如：attack, heavy trafficReading and Thinking8., the Tibetan antelo
25、pe was removed from the endangered species list. 9. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.10. Much is being done to protect wildlife, .11. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can w
26、e stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.Only +状语从句置于句首，主句要部分倒装，即：助动词/情态动词移到主语的前面，其他动词性成分还在主语后，如： we should work, 变成should we work。倒装在语义上的作用是起强调作用，可以用在建议，演讲等文体的写作中。现在进行时的被动语态: 很多工作正在进行为了.intend to do sth 意欲作某事，打算做某事the threat to.对.的威胁endangered species 濒危物种5. The government, however, does
27、 not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. intendintend vt./vi. vt./vi. to have a plan, result or purpose to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do sth in your mind when you do sth 打算；计划；想要打算；计划；想要 vt.vt. to pla
28、n that sth should have a particular to plan that sth should have a particular meaning meaning 打算；计划；想要打算；计划；想要eg Sheeg She intends intends to do A levels and go to university.to do A levels and go to university. 她计划先参加高级考试，然后去读大学。她计划先参加高级考试，然后去读大学。 This money is This money is intendedintended for th
29、e development of for the development of the tourist industry. the tourist industry. 这笔钱准备用于旅游业的开发。这笔钱准备用于旅游业的开发。【归纳归纳】 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事打算让某人做某事 intend to do / doing sth. 打算做某事打算做某事 be intended for 专为专为准备的准备的【拓展拓展】 intention n. 意图意图, 目的目的; 打算打算 have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事无意做某事
30、; 不打算做某事不打算做某事【语境应用语境应用】根据所给单词或汉语意思完成句子。根据所给单词或汉语意思完成句子。1) The university is known for its language and culture courses _ (intend) for international students. 2) I have no _ (intend) of retiring just yet. 3) I _ as a volunteer in an environmental protection organization during the summer holidays. 我
31、打算暑假期间在一个环保组织做志愿者。我打算暑假期间在一个环保组织做志愿者。 intendedintentionintend working / to work eg Only in this way can we help the endangered animals. Only then did we know the animals were in danger. Only when we know the threat will we find out ways to help them.6. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nat
32、ure can we stop being a threat to wildlife and our planet. “Only+状语状语”位于句首，主句部分使用部分倒装。位于句首，主句部分使用部分倒装。部分倒装结构使用部分倒装结构使用“助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/be动词动词+主语主语+谓语谓语”。eg Only in this way can we help the endangered animals. Only then did we know the animals were in danger. Only when we know the threat will we find
33、 out ways to help them.6. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and our planet. “Only+状语状语”位于句首，主句部分使用部分倒装。位于句首，主句部分使用部分倒装。部分倒装结构使用部分倒装结构使用“助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/be动词动词+主语主语+谓语谓语”。【语境应用语境应用】改为倒装句改为倒装句His company began to make profits only when his His co
34、mpany began to make profits only when his father came to help him. father came to help him. Only when his father came to help him did his company Only when his father came to help him did his company begin to make profits.begin to make profits.in harmony with if people are living in harmony with eac
35、h other, they are living together peacefully rather than fighting or arguing 与与协调；与协调；与一致一致eg We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment. 我们必须确保旅游业与环境和谐发展。我们必须确保旅游业与环境和谐发展。【拓展拓展】 1) out of harmony with sb. / sth. 与与不协调不协调 live/work in harmony 一起生活一起生活/ /工作得融洽工作得融洽2) harmoni
36、ous adj. 和谐的和谐的, , 协调的协调的, , 和睦的和睦的 harmonious society 和谐社会和谐社会【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1) 你的建议和这个计划的目标并不一致。你的建议和这个计划的目标并不一致。 Your suggestions _ the aims of this project.2) 设想一个社会，在那里大家和谐地生活在一起。设想一个社会，在那里大家和谐地生活在一起。 Imagine a society in which everyone _.are not in harmony with lived together in harmo
37、ny Reading and Thinking强化练习：强化练习：Only + 状语（从句）置于句首，句子或（主句要部分倒装）状语（从句）置于句首，句子或（主句要部分倒装）1. Only yesterday _(他发现) that his watch was missing. 2. Only after talking to two students _(我意识到) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.3. Only by practising a few hours eve
38、ry day _ (你能够掌握这门语言).4. 只有当你亲自来看看时，你才能明白这里的风景有多么美。 _did he find outdid I realizewill you be able to master the languageOnly when you come and look in person, can you understand how beautiful the scenery is here.Reading and Thinking话题语料积累话题语料积累1. Danger or problems wildlife are facing/used to face2.
39、Effective protection measuresReading and ThinkingWildlife protection: Danger and problems 1. be hunted illegally 被非法猎杀2. for their valuable fur/ivory/feather/horns 为了他们珍贵的皮毛/象牙/羽毛/角3. It were bad times when.这是.的至暗年代4. the population dropped by.数量下降了.5. hunters were shooting . to make profits. 猎人们射杀.
40、为了获利6. their habitats were becoming smaller as.随着.他们的栖息地不断变小7. went distinction 灭绝了8. became endangered species 成为濒危物主9. be listed as endangered species 被列为濒危物种10.bring out the threat to. 为.带来威胁Reading and ThinkingWildlife protection: Effective protection measures1. establish nature reserve 建立自然保护区2
41、. build up shelters 建立庇护所3. save.from extinction 挽救.以免灭绝4. place.under national protection 置于国家级的保护下5. their population has recovered 他们的数量得以恢复6. be removed from the endangered species list 被从濒危物种名单上移除7. the authorities doesnt intend to stop the protection programmes 政府部门并没有打算停止保护计划8. exist in harmo
42、ny with nature 与自然和谐共存9. stop being a threat to nature/wildlife 不再是对自然/野生动植物的威胁10. Without variety we humans cannot survive.没有物种多样性，人类就不能生存 live on the _ of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai be _ being hunted, illegally, for their valuable furproblems: hunters were shooting antelopes to _ their _ were be
43、coming smaller the Chinese government placed it under _ the measures were _ the _has recovered it was removed from the _Only when we learn to exist in _ with nature can we stop being a threat to _ and to our _.plains in danger ofmake profitshabitatnational protectioneffectivepopulation endangered sp
44、ecies listharmonywildlifeplanetP17 4Learn about elephants by reading and completing the passage with the correct forms of the words.hunter illegally reserveattack exist plain harmony threatHerds of elephants used to live on the _ of Africa and in the forests of Asia. But today, they face a serious _
45、 from _. These large animals are being killed _ for their body parts that are considered valuable. In order to save them, some countries have created _ where they can live in peace and safety. However, the _ on them will continue as long as interest in buying elephant products _. To achieve _ betwee
46、n humans and animals, the world must protect these beautiful creatures. plainsthreathuntersillegallyreservesattacksexists harmonyTry to fill in the blanks with correct forms Try to fill in the blanks with correct forms of the words.of the words.To observe Tibetan antelopes, we came to Tebet. There w
47、e made out a herd of graceful animals and were sruck by their beauty(beautiful). Im reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted illegally (illegal) for their valuable fur.To protet them , the Changtang National Nature Reserve was set up, which is a shelter for animals. In 1980s and 199
48、0s, the population dropped because of the loss of their (they) habitats In order to prevent this species from extinction (extinct), the Chinese government took effectivemeasures (measure) to place it under national protection. Its populatin has recovered and it was removed from the endangered (dange
49、r) specieslist. However, the government didnt intend to give (give) up the protection programme. To save wildlife, we should learn to exist in harmony with nature.我我打算打算在在5 5点后尽快点后尽快赶到那里赶到那里。 I intend to get there as soon after 5 as I can.我永远都在减肥，我永远都在减肥，因为因为我很容易长胖。我很容易长胖。 Im forever on a diet, sinc
50、e I put on weight easily. 1. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.intend to do sth. 打算做某事打算做某事插入语插入语since引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句 I intend to make a plan for my English study.我我打算打算为我的英语学习为我的英语学习制定一个计
