1、Unit 2 Words and Expressions 1Our planets wildlife is dying out at an alarming rate.我们地球上的野生动物正以惊人的速度灭绝。我们地球上的野生动物正以惊人的速度灭绝。(教材教材P14)die out灭亡；逐渐消失【典型例句】 Many old customs are gradually dying out.许多旧习俗在逐渐消失。Many species of animals are in danger of dying out.许多种类的动物都有灭绝的危险。【即学即练】用die out, die away和die
2、 down填空Many rare animals are dying_out.We must find ways to protect the environment.His anger has died_down a bit.As the sound of t he m usi c died_away,_the film came to an end.【思维拓展】die away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱；渐渐消失die down逐渐变弱；逐渐平息die off相继死去；先后死去2.Our planets.is dying out at an alarming rate. 我们地球的正以惊人
3、的速度消亡。(教材P14)alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n恐慌；警报；警报器【典型例句】 I dont want to alarm you, but theres a strange man.我不想吓着你，不过有个生人。Environmentalists are alarmed by the dramatic increase in pollution.污染的急剧加重令环保主义者害怕。He jumped up in alarm.他惊恐地跳了起来。He decided to sound the alarm.他决定发出警报。【即学即练】单句语法填空The little girl was
4、alarmed at/by the snake.The boy was alarmed to_see (see) the bear walking to him.We were_alarmed (alarm) at the alarming (alarm) scream as the scream did alarm us.,【思维拓展】be alarmed by/at sth.因而惊恐/害怕alarm sb. to do.惊得某人做in alarm惊恐地(常作方式状语)raise/sound the alarm发出警报3.We must make people aware of the pr
5、oblem. 我们必须使人们意识到这个问题(教材P14)aware adj.知道；发觉；有意识的【典型例句】 The children were aware of the harm of taking drugs.孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害。Most people are aware of the dangers of drunk driving.大多数人意识到酒后开车的危险。The failure made me aware of my own shortcomings.这次失败使我意识到了我自己的缺点。【即学即练】单句语法填空Many people lack the awareness (a
6、ware) of wildlife protection, resulting in hunting the animals illegally.She was not aware of having done wrong.She was not aware that she had done wrong.She was not aware of what she had done was wrong.【思维拓展】be/become aware of对知道、明白；意识到be aware that/whclause察觉到；意识到awareness n意识，明白4.How many elephan
7、ts are killed on average every day？平均每天有多少头大象被杀？(教材P14)average n平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；普通的【典型例句】 His average income is ten pounds a week.他的平均收入为一星期十英镑。Perhaps you are a student of average intelligence.你可能是一个智力一般的学生。On average, boys like playing football better than girls.一般来说，男孩比女孩更喜欢踢足球。He is working
8、hard and his grade is above the average in his class.他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。【即学即练】单句语法填空The temperature here in summer is twenty centigrade on average.An average of ten students havent passed the exam in each class.This year the price of pork is above average (高于平均水平) compared to other years.【思维拓展】(1)on
9、(the) average 平均来看above (the) average 高于平均水平below (the) average低于平均水平(2)an average of.平均有(后跟数词)the average of.的平均数5.Im concerned about the African elephants.我很担心非洲象。(教材P15)concerned about对关切的；为担忧的【典型例句】 She concerns herself about her sons future.She is concerned about her sons future.她为儿子的将来担心。There
10、 is growing concern about violence on television.人们对电视上的暴力内容日渐忧虑。The concerned parents are full of concern about the matter which may concern their child.忧心忡忡的家长非常担心那件事情可能会涉及他们的孩子。More and more people show great concern for road safety.现在越来越多的人高度关注道路安全问题。【即学即练】单句语法填空He asked several questions concer
11、ning (concern) the future of the company. The accident was concerned with the bus driver.As far as the space technology is_concerned (concern), China ranks third in the world.Im concerned (concern) about my mothers health.【思维拓展】concern oneself with/about关心；担心be concerned about/for关心；担心be concerned w
12、ith与有关as far as Im concerned 就我而言concern n关心；担心；与相关 show concern for sb. 关心某人show/express ones concern about/for对表示关心/担心concerning prep.关于；就而言6.Well, I know that theyre being hunted and their habitat is getting smaller, so theyre in danger of extinction. 我知道它们正在被猎杀，它们的栖息地变得越来越小，所以它们处于灭绝的危险中。(教材P15)i
13、n danger (of) 在危险中；垂危【典型例句】 His life is in danger.他有生命危险。She is in danger of losing her life at any time.她随时有失去生命的危险。【即学即练】单句语法填空How many factory workers are in danger of losing (lose) their jobs?The eagle is eager to anger the tiger in danger.We should help the friends in trouble.【思维拓展】out of dange
14、r脱离危险in trouble处于麻烦之中7.Elephants need large living spaces, so its difficult for them to adapt to the changes.大象需要很大的生存空间，所以它们很难适应变化。(教材P15)adapt vi.适应vt.使适应；使适合【典型例句】 She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快适应了这种新气候。Its hard to adapt this novel for the film.要将这篇小说改编为电影很困难。The Wandering Ear
15、th is adapted from the short story written by Liu Cixin.流浪地球是根据刘慈欣的短篇小说改编的。【即学即练】单句语法填空After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to living on my own.Adapted (adapt) from JK.Rowlings book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.This
16、 new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.【思维拓展】adapt for使适合于；为改编/改写adapt from根据改写/改编adapt oneself to使适应或习惯于adapt sth. to使某事物适应或适合adapt to适应8.What measures are being taken to help them？现在正在采取什么措施来帮助它们呢？(教材P15)measure n措施；方法vt. 测量；度量；估量【典型例句】 He measured the length of the room.他测量了房
17、间的长度。The rope measures 10 metres long.这根绳子有10米长。We should take some measures to help the poor.我们应该采取一些措施来帮助穷人。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子Our classroom measures (measure) 9 metres by 7 metres.There are some tall trees in our campus, some measuring (measure) more than forty meters.It is time we took_effective_m
18、easures to solve this problem.我们是时候该采取有效措施来解决这个问题了。【思维拓展】be measured by/in用来衡量 make.to ones measure按某人的尺寸做 take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事)9.To our left, snowcovered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch.在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的群山消失在似乎触手可及的云层中。(教材P16)(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是snow
19、covered mountains disappear into clouds; that seem almost close enough to touch是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词clouds，that在定语从句中作主语。【即学即练】单句语法填空I became confident enough to_challenge (challenge) the good tennis players.The boy is old enough to_go (go) to school.10.This is why were hereto observe Tibetan antelopes
20、.这就是我们来这里的原因观察藏羚羊。(教材P16)(1)句式分析：句中包含了why引导的表语从句。(2)That/This/It is why.表示“那/这就是为什么”，why引导表语从句。【典型例句】 The deadline is near. This is why we are very busy.最后期限要到了，这就是我们很忙的原因。He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.他有心脏病，那是因为他抽烟太多了。【即学即练】单句语法填空I got up late this morning.This
21、is why I was late for school.That was why they refused to sign the agreement.Tom was late for work this morning. That is because he overslept.【思维拓展】This/That is because.这/那就是因为The reason why.is/was that.的原因是11.This is why were hereto observe Tibetan antelopes.这就是我们来这里的原因观察藏羚羊。 (教材P16)observe vt.观察到；
22、注视；看到；注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝【典型例句】 I felt he was observing everything I did.我觉得他正观察我做的每一件事。The police observed that the driver did not observe the traffic rules.警察注意到那个司机没有遵守交通规则。As a middle school student, he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations.作为一个中学生，他应该遵守校规和交通规则。【即学即练】单句语法填空We obs
23、erved him hanging (hang) around our house.I observed a stranger going (go) into the office.I observed that several students were asleep in class.【思维拓展】observe sb.观察到某人observation nC，U观察；观测observance nU(对法律、习俗的)遵守observer nC观察者；观测者12.Watching them move slowly across the green grass, Im struck by thei
24、r beauty.看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。(教材P16)(1)句式分析：本句中Watching them move slowly across the green grass是现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于When I am watching them.。(2)现在分词作状语用法浅析：He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。(伴随状语)He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把玻璃杯弄掉了，结果杯子摔得粉碎。(结果状语)
25、【即学即练】单句语法填空Searching (search) along the deck，it had taken him some time to find a doctor.Walking (walk) or sleeping，this subject was always in my mind.Once losing (lose) this chance, you cant easily find it.13.Im also reminded of the danger they are in.我也意识到了它们所处的危险。(教材P16)remind vt.remind vt.提醒；使想
26、起【典型例句】 That song always reminds me of our first date.那首歌总使我回忆起我们的第一次约会。What youve just said reminds me that I must get some cash.你刚才的话提醒了我，我得带上一些现金。I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。【即学即练】单句语法填空I love this part because it rem
27、inds me of why I fell in love with Pirates of the Caribbean in the first place.Passengers are reminded (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.This story reminds me of my childhood.【思维拓展】remind sb. of.使某人想起remind sb. to do.提醒某人做remind sb. that/whclause提醒某人14.Hunters were shooting antelopes
28、 to make profits.猎人们猎杀羚羊以获利。(教材P16)shoot vt. & vi.射杀；射伤；发射【典型例句】 Three robbers were shot dead.三个抢劫者被射死了。The murderer was shot in the back while trying to escape.凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。Someone took a shot at the wolf.有人朝那匹狼开了枪。The fox ran away before the hunter shot it.那只狐狸在猎人向它射击前就跑掉了。【即学即练】单句语法填空Five young me
29、n were arrested yesterday because they had_shot (shoot) seven endangered animals.We heard some shots (shot) in the distance.The new soldier shot at the target，but missed it again.15.Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。(教材P16)(1)句式分析：这是一
30、个主从复合句。主句是Their habitats were becoming smaller，as new roads and railways were built是as引导的时间状语从句。(2)句中as为从属连词，意为“随着”。【典型例句】 Its becoming warmer and warmer as the spring draws near.随着春天的临近，天气越来越暖和。【即学即练】单句语法填空Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?The s
31、tudents took notes as they listened. As the time went on, the weather got worse.as用作连词用法：表示伴随，意为“随着”表示让步，意为“虽然”“尽管”表示时间，意为“当时代”表示原因，意为“因为”16.Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks.扎西和其他志愿者为了保护藏羚羊免受攻击而日夜守护着它们。(教材P16)(1)句式分析：本句是简单句。to keep th
32、em safe from attacks是不定式短语作目的状语。(2)不定式作目的状语的用法：不定式作目的状语多表示将来的动作，因此只有to do sth. 和 to be done 的形式，不能用完成式或进行式。如：He tried to be a good child to be liked by his parents.为了被父母喜欢，他努力做一个好孩子。有时为表示强调，可在不定式前加上in order/so as, 但是so as to do 不可位于句首。如：为了拿到奖学金，她刻苦学习。(In order)To win the scholarship, she studies har
33、d.She studies hard(so as) to win the scholarship.【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子I got up early in the morning to_catch (catch) the early bus.The government set up a working party to_look_into_the_problem.政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。 D o c t o r s w o r k e d t h r o u g h t h e n i g h t to_save_the_life_of_the_injured_man.医生
34、彻夜工作以拯救伤者的生命。【温馨提示】动词不定式在句中还可以作结果状语，往往表示意想不到的结果，常与only搭配。17.Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks.扎西和其他志愿者为了保护藏羚羊免受攻击而日夜守护着它们。(教材P16)watch over保护；照管；监督【典型例句】 Will you watch over my clothes when I have a swim?我游泳时你帮我照看一下衣服好吗？They did not wa
35、tch over this man.他们并没有监视这个人。Watch out! This is a very busy road.当心！这条马路交通很繁忙。【即学即练】单句语法填空There must have been an angel watching over me that day.What problems should I watch out for when buying an old house?Youll become an alcoholic if you dont watch out.【思维拓展】watch out(look out)当心；提防watch out for当
36、心；密切注意；留意watch for sb./sth.守候；等待keep a watch on监视under the close watch在严密的监视下18.Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. 扎西和其他志愿者为了保护藏羚羊免受攻击而日夜守护着它们。(教材P16)attack v. & n进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害【典型例句】 At dawn the army attacked the town.军队在拂晓时向这座城镇发动
37、了进攻。The government was attacked by the press.政府受到新闻界的抨击。The city came under attack during the night.这座城市在夜间遭到袭击。【即学即练】单句语法填空The killer insisted that she was defending herself when attacked (attack)The enemy made an attack on the small town last night.He was_attacked (attack) with disease; this was w
38、hy he was absent.,【思维拓展】under attack遭受攻击make an attack on/upon.对发动进攻heart attack n心脏病发作19.The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.藏羚羊的数量已经恢复，2015年6月，藏羚羊被从濒危物种名单中删除。(教材P16)recover vi.恢复；康复vt.找回；寻回【典型例句】 She has recovere
39、d from the operation.她动了手术，且已经恢复了。The team recovered its lead in the second half.下半场这支球队再度领先。She at once recovered herself and stopped crying.她立刻镇静下来，并停止了哭泣。The police recovered the stolen jewellery.警察找回了被盗的珠宝。 【即学即练】完成句子Liu Xiang is still recovering_from his operation.手术后，刘翔仍在恢复之中。He seemed upset b
40、ut quickly recovered_himself.他显得心烦意乱，但很快静下心来。He has made a slow recovery_from the strain.他慢慢从紧张中恢复过来。 【思维拓展】recover from从中恢复过来recover oneself静下心来recover sth.(from.)(从)找回某物recovery n恢复；痊愈；回升；取回20.The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endange
41、red species list. 藏羚羊的数量已经恢复，2015年6月，藏羚羊被从濒危物种名单中删除。(教材P16)remove vt.去除；移开；脱去【典型例句】 The books may not be removed from the library.这些书不能带出图书馆。After the customer left the restaurant, the waitress removed the dishes from the table.在顾客离开餐馆后，女服务员拿走了桌子上的餐具。【即学即练】单句语法填空When fat and salt are_removed (remove
42、) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.He removed the mud from his shoes.Students removed several desks to another classroom. 【思维拓展】remove from.to.从搬到remove sb.from school开除某人，勒令某人退学21.The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to
43、the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。(教材P16)(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，后面是since引导的原因状语从句。 (2)since的用法：conj.意为“因为，既然”。Since you are unable to answer，perhaps I should ask someone else.既然你回答不了，也
44、许我该问别人。conj.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自以来；从以后”。It had been a year since Susan became blind.苏珊失明已经一年了。prep.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自以来；从以后”。I have not heard from him since last year.自从去年以来我一直没有收到过他的信。adv.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“从那时以后；后来”。I have not seen him since.从那以后，我就没见过他。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子I havent_visited (not visit) my
45、 teacher since I graduated.Since_he_asks_you,_youll tell him why.他既然问你，那就告诉他为什么吧。The works have_been_closed since January.一月份以来这些工厂就关闭了。【思维拓展】since常用于以下结构(1)since过去一个时间点(2)since一段时间ago(3)since从句(4)It is一段时间since从句22.The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the
46、 threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。(教材P16)intend v计划；打算；想要【典型例句】 We intended no harm.我们并无恶意。I intend to come/coming back soon.我打算很快就回来。I had intended to watch the game, but I had something more important to do.I intended to have watched the gam
47、e, but I had something more important to do.我本打算看这场比赛，但是有更重要的事要做。【即学即练】单句语法填空The course is intended for students who wish to improve their organizational skills.My early intention (intend) of gardening may have originated from my love for nature.My girlfriend and I intend to_get (get) married next y
48、ear.【思维拓展】(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事(2)be intended to do为了做be intended for专门为而设计的；专供使用的(3)had intended to do sth.intended to have done sth.本打算做某事(但没有做)表示“打算做某事”的表达还有：be going to do sth.be about to do sth.plan to do sth.mean to do sth.aim to do sth. 23.Only when we le
49、arn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(教材P16)(1)句式分析：本句是倒装句。正常语序是：We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature. 【即学即练】完成句子Only if you work hard can_you
50、_pass_the_test.只有你努力学习，你才能通过考试。Only_then did I realize that I was wrong.只有到那时我才意识到我错了。Only in this way can_you_work_out_the_problem.只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。(2)“only状语(从句)”位于句首时，句子(或主句)要部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you make improvement.只有用这种方法你才能有所提高。Only when I reached the top of the mountain did I feel a gre
