1、What is the attribute? (什么是什么是定语）定语） a red apple a beautiful girl 形容词作定语形容词作定语 my friend his pen代词作定语代词作定语 a girl in red a man with glasses 介词短语作定语介词短语作定语 apple tree shoe shop 名词作定语名词作定语什么是定语？什么是定语？定语就是用来修饰或限定名词或定语就是用来修饰或限定名词或者代词的成分者代词的成分 the boiling water; the watch made in Shanghai. 分词作定语分词作定语What
2、 is the attributive clause? (什么是定语从句）什么是定语从句）修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定语，如定语为一个句子则称为定语定语，如定语为一个句子则称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。代词后面。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词I know the boy.The boy is sitting on the desk.I know the boy who is sitting on the desk先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句的一般结构是：定语从句的一般结构是：先行
3、词先行词+关系关系词词+从句从句 1. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.2.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.3.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.4.The
4、 factory that we will visit next week is not far away from here.5.The place which interested me most was the Childrens Palace.6.The boy whose father is a doctor is a hard-working student.定语从句的一般结构是：定语从句的一般结构是：先行词先行词+关关系词系词+从句从句 I know the boy who is sitting on the desk.定语从句定语从句先先行行词词引导引导词词引导词有关系代词：引
5、导词有关系代词：who whom whose that which先行词：被修饰的成分先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。即名词或代词。关系代词在定语从句中有三关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：个作用： 1. 引导一个定语从句；引导一个定语从句； 2.在从句中代替先行词；在从句中代替先行词； 3.在从句中担任某一句子成在从句中担任某一句子成份。份。定语从句是在句子中作定语从句是在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。的从句。这种从句由这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，并作句子成分引导，并作句子成分.因形容词因形容词 通常做定语，所以又称之为通常做定语，所以又称
6、之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语), whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where (地点状语地点状语)when (时间状语时间状语)why (原因状语原因状语)小试牛刀：1)The boy _ is standing there i
7、s my cousin.2)The man _ you met yesterday is Mr Smith .3)The boy with _ Mary is dancing is my brother.4)The boy _ Mary is dancing with is my brother.5)Those _ work hard will succeed in time.who/thatwho/that/whomwhomwho/that/whomwhoII) 1)Children like reading books _ have wonderful pictures.2)A plane
8、 is a machine _ can fly.3)The pen _ my uncle gave me is missing.4)The pen _ Im writing with was given by my uncle.5)The pen _ Im writing was given by my uncle.6)This is the factory _ his father works in. =_.which/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwith whichwhich/thatin which his father works that和和w
9、hich在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。1)先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词all, none， few, little, much, everything, anything, something, nothing等，或被等，或被这些词所修饰的时候这些词所修饰的时候All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.There isnt much (that) I can do.2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时先行词被序数词或形容
10、词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.3)先行词被先行词被no，all, any, every, few, little, very，some等限定词修饰时等限定词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等等修饰时修饰时.This is the ver
11、y book that I want to read. 这正是我这正是我想要读的那一本书想要读的那一本书This is the same book that I want to read. (两本书两本书是同一本书是同一本书)-This is the same book as I want to read.(和我想和我想读的书一样读的书一样)5)当主句以当主句以who或或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时,定定语从句语从句that 引导引导.Who is the man that is standing there?Which of us that knows somethin
12、g about physics doesnt know this ?先行词同时包含人和物的时候。先行词同时包含人和物的时候。We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. 小试牛刀：1)Anything _ can burn is a source of heat energy.2)This is the very book _ Im looking for .3)They talked about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.4)Which
13、is the book _ you lost?5)This is the best film _ I have ever seen.6)Please get ready for everything _ we need.7)This is the watch_ I lost yesterday.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat/which但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用which而不用而不用that。 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）（介词提前） Those are many trees under
14、 which they can have a rest. 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中 Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.*切记：在切记：在介词介词和和“，”后面只能用后面只能用which或或whom, 不可能用不可能用“that”4 4 whosewhose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与与 whosewhose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。 whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of whi
15、chof which互换使用互换使用, , 即即the+the+名词名词of whichwhomof whichwhom或或of which whom of which whom the+the+名词。名词。This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover is blue the cover is blue. .of which the bookDo you know the
16、girl whose hair is very short in our class?He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. The teacher, whose son I work with, is liked by all the students.The chair, the legs of which are broken, is being repaired now.Eg: 1.He lives in a house _ windows face south.=He lives in a house the windows
17、 of whcih/of which the window face south.2.The book _ cover is green is mine.3.The boy _ father is a doctor is warm-hearted.4.China is country _ population is the largest.whosewhosewhosewhoseIII.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.whose 2.that 3.who 4.that/which 5.that 6.who/whom/that 7.that 8.that 9.whose 10.that定语从句中的关系副
18、词定语从句中的关系副词：when, where, whywhen, where, why用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空1.This is the school_ Im studying at.2.I will never forget the day on _I first came to Beijin.3.I am live in the house _ my parents once lived in.4.He will never forget the day on _ he joined the Party .5.The factory in _ my father work
19、s is in the east of the city. 6.This is the reason for_ he was absent. 自主探究：以上定语从句的引导词：自主探究：以上定语从句的引导词：in which/ at which/ on which/ for which 分别可以换成关系副词：分别可以换成关系副词：_.关系副词引导定语从句关系副词引导定语从句在句子中充当状语表地点，时间或原因，在句子中充当状语表地点，时间或原因，相当于介词相当于介词+关系代词。关系代词。which/thatwhichwhich/thatwhichwhichwhere when whywhichwh
20、enwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the league. I joined the league.on whichwherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I liv
21、ed two years ago. I lived two years ago.in whichwhywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于于“介词介词for+ for+ 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late. she was late.It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.1. Ill never forget the days _ we stayed to
22、gether in Qingdao.2.This is the place _we first met.3.I recently went back to the village _ I was born.4.None of us know the reason _ Tom was absent from the meeting.5.The hotel _ we stayed wasnt clean.6.The reason _ he was late was that he missed his train.7.October 2, 1980 is the day _ he was born
23、.8.I d like to live in the countryside _ the air is fresh.whenwherewherewhywherewhywhenwhereIII比较以下几组句子，填上正确的引导词。比较以下几组句子，填上正确的引导词。1.1)Ill remember the day _ we spent together for ever. 2) Ill remember the day _ we stayed together for ever.2.1)This is the city _ his parents live. 2) This is the city
24、 _ we visited last year.3. 1) Do you know the reason _ he was late today? 2) Do you believe the reason _he told us for his latenee?归纳总结：归纳总结：_.which/thatwhenwherewhich/thatwhy定语从句引导词选用关系代词还是关系副定语从句引导词选用关系代词还是关系副词不是取决于先行词本身，而是取决于先词不是取决于先行词本身，而是取决于先行词在从句中所充当的句子成分行词在从句中所充当的句子成分that/which小试牛刀：小试牛刀：1.tha
25、t 2.that/who/whom 3.with which 4.where 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.that 9.that/which 10.whenIV.综合应用训练；综合应用训练；1.that/which 2.who/that 3.who/that/whom 4.that/which 5.A 6.that 7.whose 8.C 9.when 10.when 11.who 12.that/which 14.where 15.that 16.A 17.D 18.where 19.whose 20.whom限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从
26、句：My sisterMy sister, who is twenty, works in works in a bank.a bank.His father , who is in Beijing now, will come His father , who is in Beijing now, will come back in 2 days.back in 2 days.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如
27、果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。* As 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：eg: 1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, wh
28、ich greatly upset me. 2) My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child. 3)Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist. 4)As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.1.Which引导的从句常放在主句之后；而引导的从句常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。句中或句尾。2.Which既可代指先行词，又可
29、代指整个主句的内容。指代整个句既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。指代整个句子时相当于子时相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为译为“这一点这一点”。而而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如正如.那样那样”，且，且已形成固定结构。如：已形成固定结构。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. Etc. .)当先行词是当先行词是the way(某人干某人干的方式的方式)时，引时，引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式：导定
30、语从句的关系词有三种形式： in which/ that/ 不填不填 Eg：I dont like the way(that / in which/) you speak to you parents.思考比较：思考比较： I cant accept the way_ you deal with the problem.This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.that/in which/不填不填that/whichIV.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.which 2. As 3.that 4.As 5.which 6.B 7.where
31、 8.where 9.As 10.that 11.which 12.As 13.as 14.As 15.as能力提升：能力提升：I）who spoke English with great difficulty; that ; who came to the UK for the first time; with whom I stayed ; II)where I stayed for 3 months ; who; as ; where; The reason why he chose to learn it quite simple能力提升：能力提升： Last Friday our s
32、chool held the Autumn sports meet, which many students took an active part in. Our monitor, who is good at sports, took part in the 1500-meter race and he was the first to reach the finish line. We were cheering him on all the time. At last, our class won the first prize in the sports meet, which ma
33、de us very happy.话题运用话题运用 _is known to all, China with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, is the third largest country in the world. The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities, among _the Han Ethnic Group is the largest, making up 94% of the whole. Besides, there are many big rivers in C
34、hina, the most important of _are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. There was a time _Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world. However, with the development of the economy, the days are gone forever _the Chinese people were looked down upon, _all Chinese are proud of.Aswhichwhichwhenwhenwhich
