1、Unit 4 History and Traditions必修2Words and expressionsListening and Speaking1.Confucian /knfju:n/ adj 孔子的；儒学的孔子的；儒学的 n. 儒家；儒家学者儒家；儒家学者 Confucian school 儒家学儒家学派派 Temple of Confucius 孔孔庙庙2.mansion n. 公馆；宅地公馆；宅地 3. cemetery n. 墓地；公墓墓地；公墓 4. philosophy n. 哲学哲学 philosopher n. 哲学家哲学家 5. descendant n. 后裔；后代
2、；子孙后裔；后代；子孙 ancestor n. 祖先祖先 6. individual adj.个人的个人的；个别的个别的 n.个人个人 individuals(pl.) individual case 个案个案 individually (adv.) 分别地；单独地；个别地分别地；单独地；个别地1 The competition is open to both teams and (individual ). The manager spoke to them all (individual) . 1individalsindividally7. Achilles heel (喻喻)（希腊神话
3、）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点（希腊神话）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点阿基里斯是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿基里斯从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿基里斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿基里斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿基里斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿基里斯最终不治而亡。 pull ones leg 同某人开玩笑同某人开玩笑 laugh ones head off 大笑不止大笑不止Im
4、not good at mapstheyre my Achilles heel!习语链接词源Words and ExpressionsReading and Thinking8. Kingdom n. 王国王国 the United Kingdom 英国英国;联合王国联合王国19. chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的最重要的；最高级别的 the chief cause/problem/reason主要原因主要原因 / 问题问题 / 理由理由 n. (公司或机构的公司或机构的) 首领；酋长；大厨首领；酋长；大厨 chiefs （pl.）110.puzzle (n.) 谜语，智力游戏（谜语
5、，智力游戏（vt.）迷惑）迷惑拓展总结You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest _ (puzzle) in our life.These scientists have been puzzled _ how to solve the environmental problem.巩固练习 n. be in a puzzle 感到困惑 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜v. puzzle about/over 苦苦思考puzzlepuzzle
6、sabout/overpuzzled adj. 迷惑不解的迷惑不解的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的令人迷惑的 I am （puzzle）by his failure to reply to my letter. Her (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said. His letter poses a number of questions 1puzzledpuzzledpuzzling11. nearby adj. 附近的附近的 adv. 在附近在附近112. join . to. 把把.
7、和和.连接或联结起来连接或联结起来 joined efforts 共同的努力共同的努力213. break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛脱离；背叛佳句列举拓展总结 It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.breakintodownoutup损坏，发生故障，情绪崩溃破门而入（战争）爆发，（火灾）突然发生结束，破裂巩固练习 If you go on working like that, you will break _ sooner or later. With so many pro
8、blems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break _ _ the Union. break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛脱离；背叛downaway from14. belong to 属于属于 No matter what happens, Taiwan belongs to China.佳句列举要点必记belongings n. （pl.）所有物；财产，财物）所有物；财产，财物 personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品个人财物，私人用品 belong to 不用于进行时与被动语态。不用于进行时与被动语态
9、。 belonging to 可作后置定语可作后置定语belong to 属于属于语法填空The old house (belong) to my grandfather was still in good condition. I just escaped from the flood and all my _ (belong) were swept away. If someone belongs a particular group, he or she is a member of that group. belongingbelongingsto拓展总结 A as well as/t
10、ogether with/along with B + 谓语动词谓语动词+ 其他其他 谓语动词的单复数由谓语动词的单复数由 A 决定决定 not only A but also B 不但不但A而且而且B（就近原则就近原则 ） 15.as well as （1）同（一样也）同（一样也） （2）和；还）和；还 as well as （1）同（一样也）同（一样也） （2）和；还）和；还 一句多译 他不但种花，而且种菜。 He grows vegetables _ _ _ flowers. He grows _ _ vegetables _ _ flowers. as well as not only
11、but also as well _也也as well as （1）同（一样也）同（一样也） （2）和；还）和；还 巩固练习 Peter as well as his friends _ (like) to listen to classical music. Not only he but also his brothers _ (work) like mad at the moment. He gave me some good tips as well _ some warnings. Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, _ (be
12、) going to visit Beijing this summer. likes are working asis16. currency n. 货币；通货货币；通货（一国、一地区现时市场上流通的货币）。（一国、一地区现时市场上流通的货币）。例如例如:Which currency is among the strongest in the world?世界上哪种货币最有价值世界上哪种货币最有价值?217. military adj. 军事的；军用的军事的；军用的take part in military training参加军训参加军训2 18. defence n. 防御；保卫防御；保
13、卫词汇记忆 defence (n.) 捍卫捍卫 in defence of 为为辩护；捍卫，保卫辩护；捍卫，保卫 build up a defence 筑起一道防线筑起一道防线 defence against 抵御抵御 in ones defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护站在某人一边；为某人辩护 come to ones defence 出来保护某人出来保护某人 defend (vt.) 保护；保卫保护；保卫defend. from/against. 保护保护免受伤害；保卫免受伤害；保卫 defend oneself against. 为自己辩护为自己辩护 18. defence n. 防
14、御；保卫防御；保卫语法填空 The town walls were built as a defence _ enemy attacks. Two rescue workers came to his _ (defend) when the accident happened. All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves _ the sudden attacks. against defence from/against 19. legal adj. 法律的；合法的法律的；合法的 反义词：反义词：illegal 2 词根词缀
15、 round-：圆形 派生词汇surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的（只用于名词前）surroundings n. (pl) 环境 拓展总结 be surrounded by/with. 被 环绕/ 包围20.surround（vt.）围绕，包围）围绕，包围词汇记忆 20.surround（vt.）围绕，包围）围绕，包围巩固练习The garden _ _ _ （由包围着）a hedge in which many small creatures can live. is surrounded by/with 语法填空 _ (surround) by the clear waters
16、, this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild. Mrs White found her husband _ (surround) by letters and papers and looking very worried. They live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers _ (surround) it.Surrounded surrounded surrounding 2
17、1. evidence n. 证据；证明证据；证明22. achievement n. 成绩；成就成绩；成就 achieve v. 实现；取得实现；取得 achieve ones goal/target323. location (n.) 地方地方词汇记忆 the location of the factory 工厂的位置 the exact/precise location 确切位置（2）locate vt. 坐落于；位于；找出坐落于；位于；找出的位置的位置 be located in/on 坐落于，位于 locate Berlin on the map 在地图上找到柏林23. locati
18、on (n.) 地方地方巩固练习 The ancient people built towers in different _ （locate）for military defence. China _ （locate）in the east of Asia with the area of about 9, 600, 000 square kilometres. Mount Huang _ （位于）Anhui Province. 单句写作locations is located is located in 24. battle （1）n. 战役；搏斗（战役；搏斗（2）vi. & vt. 搏斗
19、；奋斗搏斗；奋斗巩固练习 She has _ （与抗争）cancer for two years. battled against/withbattle (vt.) 与战斗，奋斗battle against/with 与战斗battle for 为而战，为而奋斗25.port n. 港口港口 import 进口进口 export 出口出口 airport 机场机场326. fascinating adj. 迷人的迷人的 fascinate v. 迷住，使着迷迷住，使着迷 = extremely charming and attractive a fascinating story/subjec
20、tAnything to do with old myths and legends fascinates me.任何与上古神话传说有关的东西都会使我着迷。任何与上古神话传说有关的东西都会使我着迷。327. date back（to）追溯到）追溯到要点记忆 out of date 过时 up to date 最新的，新式的 to date 迄今，到目前为止 On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple _ (date) from the Tang Dynasty. 巩固练习dating 28. keep your eyes open（f
21、or）留心；留意）留心；留意巩固练习 You must keep your _ (eye) open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. Keep your eyes open _ a boy in a red sweater. Youre walking so fast that I cant keep up _ you. Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese _ burning. e
22、yes for with from Words and ExpressionsDiscovering Useful Structures28. charge v. 收收费费; 指控指控; 主管主管;充充电电 n. 主管主管; 收费收费;主管主管free of charge: 免费免费charge (.)for.（向）收（向）收.的费用的费用take charge of: 负责负责; 主管主管be in charge of: 负责负责; 主管主管be in the charge of: 由由负责负责/主管主管v. n.收费，要价收费，要价get charged: 受指控受指控charge sb
23、with: 指控指控v.n控告，指控控告，指控n. 掌管，负责掌管，负责1) -How much do you charge me _ it? -In fact it is free _ charge at the weekend.2) He was charged _ murder and sentenced to death. 3) He charged me 100 yuan _ the coat.withforoffor一句多译一句多译当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。(4)The company is in the charge of Tom w
24、hen the boss is away.(5)Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.29. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称宣布；通知；声称词汇记忆 announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事 announce that. 宣布 As is announced. 据报道 It is announced that. 据报道 make an announcement 宣布通告单句写作 The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry
25、 announced the news _ the reporters. We are pleased _ (announce) that all five candidates are successful. _ is announced in todays newspaper, they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique. She made her _ (announce) after talks with the president. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称宣布；通知；声称t
26、oto announce As announcement 30. amount n. 数数量；金额量；金额 - a large amount of +不不可名可名 - 谓语用“单数” - large amounts of +不不可名可名+ 谓谓语用语用“复数复数” - a large number of + 可名可名 - 谓语用“复数” amount to 总计为总计为 . The cost of the book amounts to 250 yuan. 30. amount n. 数数量；金额量；金额 1. With more forests being destroyed, a larg
27、e amount of good earth _(be) being washed away each year. 2. There _(be) large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games. 3. To my disappointment, a large amount of money _(waste) so far. 4. A number of high buildings _ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. is arehas be
28、en wasted have arisen 31. gallery 展览馆;画廊the National Gallery 国家美术馆国家美术馆32. approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近方法；途径；接近 （2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近靠近approachable adj. 友善的友善的n. 方方法法 ; 途径途径 the approach to sth / doing sth = the way to do sth/ the way of doing sth n. 接接近近 with the approach of 随着随着的临的临近近- The
29、 best approach to _(explore) the puzzle is to keep your eyes open. - With the _ of the exam, I became increasingly nervous.exploring approach 33. ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保保证；确保；担保 = to make sure that sth happens. ensure the safety of 确保确保的安全的安全1. These road facilities(设备设备) are used _ (ensure) the safety
30、of the cyclists.4to ensure 34. landscape n. (陆上，犹指乡村的风景陆上，犹指乡村的风景)4要点记忆 generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的慷慨的，大方的 be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨对某人慷慨 be generous with sth. 在某方面大方，不吝啬某物在某方面大方，不吝啬某物 Its generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。某人做某事真是慷慨。 generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地慷慨地，大方地 generosity n. 慷慨，大方慷慨，大方 mean adj. 吝啬的，
31、小气的吝啬的，小气的35.generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的）慷慨的，大方的 （2）丰富的）丰富的巩固练习 generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的）慷慨的，大方的 （2）丰富的）丰富的 These volunteers are very generous _ the old men. The young man is very generous _ his time in helping others. It is generous of you _ (lend) your portable computer to me. to with to lend 36. but
32、ter n. 黄油；黄油；vt. 涂黄油于涂黄油于.437. honey n. 蜂蜜；亲爱的蜂蜜；亲爱的438. ancestor = forefather 祖先祖先4误区警示当 position, situation, point, case, stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用 where 引导。 in place/position 在合适的地在合适的地方方 out of place/position 在不合适的地方在不合适的地方 39. position n. 位置；姿态；职位位置；姿态；职位巩固练习 Ensure that everythin
33、g is _ position when we come back to the room. Im sorry if I put you _ an awkward position. If a container catches liquid, it is in a position _ the liquid falls into it. position n. 位置；姿态；职位位置；姿态；职位 in in where 1. Salesman is a position _ communication ability is as important as skills. 2. Today, w
34、ell discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the languages properly. 3. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. 4. Until today, we have reached a stage_ we have almost no rights at all. 5.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed
35、to make decisions of my own. where where where where where Words and ExpressionsListening and Talking40.courtyard n. 庭院；院子庭院；院子The house is built around a central courtyard. 这房子是围绕着中央的庭院而建的。 court n. 法院；法庭；球场；宫廷法院；法庭；球场；宫廷 yard n. 后院；花园后院；花园441. snack n. 点心；小吃点心；小吃4 42. eager adj. 热切的；渴望热切的；渴望要点记忆 b
36、e eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴求某事物 be eager in 热衷于 The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager _ knowledge and eager _ (make) progress, so she is eager _ her study and is always praised by her teachers. 巩固练习to makeforin Words and ExpressionsReading and Wrting43. poet n
37、.诗人诗人 poem n. 诗;诗歌(可数名词) poetry n.诗集; 诗歌; 诗作444. feast n. 盛宴；节日盛宴；节日 a feast for the eyes and ears 视觉和听觉的盛宴 1. The opening ceremony of Winter Olympics is a feast for the eyes and ears. 445. county n. 郡；县郡；县 446. roll v. (使使)翻滚翻滚;(使使)滚动滚动; n. 卷卷(轴轴); 翻滚翻滚 a roll of paper/cloth 一卷纸/一匹布447. dot n. 点点;小
38、小(圆圆)点点 v. 加点加点;遍布遍布 be dotted with 点缀点缀; 布满布满 The sky was dotted with stars. 繁星点缀着星空448. cattle n 牛群牛群 (牛的总称牛的总称-没有复数形式没有复数形式。） a head of cattle: 一头牛一头牛 eighty head of cattle: 80头牛头牛449. roar v. n. 吼叫；咆哮吼叫；咆哮 the roar of the waves 海浪的咆哮声 hear the roar of traffic 听到车辆的轰鸣声450. ocean n. 大海大海;海洋海洋 the
39、Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋大西洋 the Indian Ocean 印度洋印度洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋太平洋 4拓展总结 summer scent 夏天的气息 sweet scent of fresh flowers 鲜花的芳香鲜花的芳香 51. scent n. 气味；气息气味；气息拓 展 总 结 greet sb with sth 用用向某人打招呼向某人打招呼/问候某人问候某人 - greeting n. 问候；招呼问候；招呼 - a greeting card 贺卡贺卡- send greetings to sb
40、向向某人致意某人致意 1. Whenever I met her, she _(用用跟跟我打招呼）我打招呼）a sweet smile. 2. Please _ (代我问候）代我问候）your parents. 52. greet v. n. 问候问候;迎接迎接 greeted me withsend my greetings to 53. pub n. 酒吧；酒馆酒吧；酒馆=bar54. wine 果酒；葡萄酒果酒；葡萄酒55. beer 啤酒啤酒56. stew 炖菜炖菜457. custom n (社会的社会的)风俗；习俗；习惯风俗；习俗；习惯Its the custom for sb
41、to do sth 对某人来说做某事是一种习惯 an ancient custom 古老的习俗 the custom of doing sth 做某事的习俗 -Customs n. 海关 - customer n. 顾客 regular customer 常客；熟客 4拓展总结Sense n. 感感官官 v. 感觉到；意思到；觉察到感觉到；意思到；觉察到- the sense of sight/ smell/hearing/ touch/ taste 视觉/嗅觉/听觉/触觉/味觉- a sense of humor / direction / balance 幽默感； 方向感；平衡感 58.
42、sensory adj. 感觉的感觉的; 感感官的官的拓展总结 a striking image 引人注目的形象 a striking difference / feature 显著的差异/ 特征 in striking contrast to 鲜明的对照 strike n. 罢罢工工; v. 侵侵袭袭; 重创重创; 碰碰撞撞; 打打动动; 敲钟敲钟; (钟钟)打点打点/报报时时 strike - struck - struck- A good idea hit/ struck sb that 某人突然想某人突然想到到 The area was struck by an outbreak of
43、 COVID 19. 59. striking adj. 引引人注目人注目的；显的；显著著的；惊人的；的；惊人的； 打击的打击的拓展总结The transition from school to work can be difficult. 从在学校念书到上班工作，这一转变有时候可真不容易。 60. transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁过渡；转变；变迁 拓展总结 a crowd of /crowds of 一群；许多- crowded adj. 拥挤的拥挤的 be crowded with = be packed with 充满充满; 挤满挤满 61. crowd n. 人人群；一群人群；一群人 ; 民众民众 vt. 挤满；挤满；使使拥挤拥挤 拓 展 总 结1. In _(crowd) places like airports and railway stations , you must take care of your luggage. 4. In the courtyard of a farmhouse, there is a herd of cattle and _(一群人）. 61. crowd n. 人人群；一群人群；一群人 ; 民众民众 vt. 挤满；挤满；使使拥挤拥挤 crowdeda crowd of people
