1、被动语态被动语态 (Passive Voice)结构结构: be + V-p.p.am / are / is + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态:一般现在时态的被动语态n 如果想要表达“孩子们喜欢这些歌曲”、“简照看这只猫”,我们会说n Children love these songs. Jane looks after the cat. 如果想要说“这些歌曲n 受到孩子们的喜爱”、“这只猫由简照看”,该 :怎样用英语表达呢?n 这两组句子表达的重点很不一样:第一组句子侧重“人”,即某人怎样;而n 第二组句子侧重“事”,即某事如何。所以,第一组句子使用主
2、动语态,而n 第二组句子使用被动语态。被动语态的表达有固定的结构。 n 我们先来对比以下两组句子:n Children love these songs. 主动语态n (动作执行者) (动作) (动作接受者)n These songs are loved by children 被动语态n (动作接受者) (动作) (动作执行者)n n Jane looks after the cat. 主动语态n (动作执行者) (动作) (动作接受者)n The cat is looked after by Jane. 被动语态n (动作接受者) (动作) (动作执行者)n 从以上对比我们可以看出被动语态
3、的构成和用法。被动语态的用法n 同学们会问,什么时候使用被动语态呢?一般说来,被动语态用于以下n 几种情况:n 1)要表达“被”、“受”、“遭”、“让”之类的语义。如:n 教师很受尊敬。 Teachers are well respected.n 这孩子很招人喜爱。 The child is well loved by people.n 2) 强调动作接受者。 如:n 他远近闻名。 He is known far and wide.n 3) 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。如:n 房子每天都有人打扫。 The room is cleaned every day.n 总的说来,判断该不该用被动
4、语态主要是看主语是否为谓语动词的行为对象。被动语态的构成n 被动语态中动作接受者作句子主语,动作执行者置于句末,用被动语态中动作接受者作句子主语,动作执行者置于句末,用by连接连接n ,有时可以省去不用。谓语动词由,有时可以省去不用。谓语动词由“be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”构成,一般构成,一般现在现在n 时被动语态的结构为:时被动语态的结构为:n 主语(动作接受者)主语(动作接受者)+is/am/are+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+(by+动作执行者)动作执行者)n 被动语态的句型总结如下:被动语态的句型总结如下:n 肯定句:肯定句:主语主语+be+过去分词过去分词+(by)n 否定
5、句:主语否定句:主语+benot+过去分词过去分词+(by)n 一般疑问句:一般疑问句:Be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?n 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?被动语态的几种句型被动语态的几种句型1. 肯定句肯定句 主语主语 + be + 过去分词过去分词 + (by)A sweet song is sung by her on the stage.2. 否定句否定句 主语主语 + be + not +过去分词过去分词 + (by)3. 一般疑问句一般疑问句 Be + 主语主语 +过去分词过去分词 + (by)? A sweet
6、 song isnt sung by her on the stage.Is a sweet song sung by her on the stage?4. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 疑问词疑问词 + be + 主语主语 +过去分词过去分词 + (by)?Where is a sweet song sung by her? 主动句变为被动句所遵循的主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:个步骤:1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2. 把动词变为被动形式即把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词,并注意过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则其人称和数
7、随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。保持不变。3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它后面以它 的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。可省略。4. 其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。Many people speak English. 主动句与被动句之间的转换主动句与被动句之间的转换English is spoken by many people.主语主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语宾语主语主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词介
8、词+ 宾语宾语n 下面我们来看一些具体例子n -Is the boy called Jack? 这个男孩儿叫杰克吗?n - Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. 是的。/ 不是。n The baby is not looked after by his father . 这个小孩儿不由他父亲照顾。n -What languages are spoken in Canada? 加拿大说什么语言?n -French and English. 法语和英语。1. Do you water your flowers every day?(变变为被动句为被动句)2. Trees and f
9、lowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (变为疑变为疑问句问句)Are your flowers watered by you every day?Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful?按要求改写下列句子。按要求改写下列句子。3. This English song is sung by the girls after class. 改为否定句改为否定句改为一般疑问句,并做肯定和否定回答改为
10、一般疑问句,并做肯定和否定回答对划线提问对划线提问This English song is not sung by the girls after class.Is this English song sung by the girls after class?When is this English song sung by the girls?被动语态的运用被动语态的运用:(1) 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没不知道谁是动作的执行者或没 有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 这座房
11、子太旧了,它是这座房子太旧了,它是1950年建的。年建的。When will the road be opened to traffic? 这条路什么时候通车这条路什么时候通车?(2) 需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。 Calculator cant be used in the math exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。计算器不能用于数学考试。 He was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比赛中获得了第一。他在比赛中获得了第一。 有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者,这时也常用被动语态。这
12、时也常用被动语态。The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。You are requested to give a performance. 请你给我们表演一个节目。请你给我们表演一个节目。(3) 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项: 含有双宾语,即直接宾语含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物常指事物)和间和间接宾语接宾语(常指人常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其
13、被动语态有两为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. He passes me the football. (改成被动语态改成被动语态)I _ _ the football by him.The football _ _ _ me by him.ampassedispassedto 动词的主动形式表示被动之意动词的主动形式表示被动之意 1). 系动词无被动语态:
14、以主动形式表示被动系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有:之意。常见的系动词有: be动词动词, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等等 It smells terrible. 2).下列动词下列动词(词组词组)没有被动式:没有被动式: happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take An accident happened yesterday. 注注 意意3). 不及物动词不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, sh
15、ut, lock, wear等,常用主动形式表示等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。被动意义。 This book sells well. 这本书畅销。这本书畅销。 The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。这种布很容易洗。 4). 在英语口语中,有时可用在英语口语中,有时可用“get+过去分过去分词词”构成被动语态。如:构成被动语态。如: I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我尽快穿上衣服。我尽快穿上衣服。这样结构比较常见的搭配有:这样结构比较常见的搭配有:get arrested, get caught, get dres
16、sed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。等。 单项选择n ( )1 Usually computers _ to search the Internet.n A. use B. are using C. are usedn ( )2 Trees and flowers _ every year to make our country more beautiful.n A. clean B. cleans C. are cleanedn ( )3 Today Chinese _ by more and more people aro
17、und the world.n A. speak B. is spoken C. are spokenCCBn ( )4 Make sure all the lights _ when you leave the room.n OK, I will.n A. turn off B. are turned off n C. are turned onn ( )5 The baby _by his grandma.n A. is looked after n B. are looked after n C. look afterBA1. I wash dishes every day. (改为被动
18、语态改为被动语态)。 _ _ _ by me every day.2. Most of the farm work is done by machine in the USA. ( 改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句)3. French and English are spoken in Canada. (对划对划线部分提问线部分提问)。 _ _ _ _ in Canada? Dishes句式转换。句式转换。 are washedIs most of the farm work done by machine in the USA?What language is spoken用动词的正确形式填空n
19、1) The Great Wall _ (know) all over the world.n2) A storm _ often _ (follow) by a calm.n3) Some newspapers _ (publish) once a week.isknownisfollowedarepublishedn4) English is very popular. It _ widely _ (use) in many fields.n5) Plato was a great thinker. The modern world _ still _ (influence) by his
20、 thoughts about life, education and so on.isusedisinfluenced把下列句子改为被动语态n1.They play football on Sunday.n_n2.Lucy does the homework in the evening.n_n3.They often use computers in class.n_Footballisplayed(bythem)onSunday.Thehomeworkisdone(byLucy)intheevening.Computersareoftenused(bythem)inclass.1. Usually computers _ (use) to get information on the Internet.2. I _ (ask) to clean my bedroom every day by my mother.3. Trees _ (plant) in spring.4. The brown desk _ (make) of wood.are usedam askedare planted用所给动词的正确形式填空。用所给动词的正确形式填空。 is made