1、 最新最新“国际音标国际音标”共有共有4848个音素个音素, ,由发音时气流是否受阻可分辅音和由发音时气流是否受阻可分辅音和元音两大类。在发音过程中由气流元音两大类。在发音过程中由气流通过口腔或鼻腔不受阻碍而发出的通过口腔或鼻腔不受阻碍而发出的音叫音叫元音元音; ;在发音过程中由气流通在发音过程中由气流通过口腔或鼻腔受阻碍而发出的音叫过口腔或鼻腔受阻碍而发出的音叫辅音辅音. .2元音元音： i: i e u: u : : a: ei ai u au i e i u辅音：辅音： p b k g t d f v h l m n j tr dr d dz ts t s z r w 英语元音英语元音
2、(English vowels) A. 元音的分类元音的分类: 英语元音音素共英语元音音素共20个个 a: a: ai ai auau e e : : ei ei i i: : i i uu i i : : i i uu u u: : u u 单元音单元音双元音双元音 a： pass glass advancear： arm garden smart harmfulau： aunt laughear： heartal： calm half: : : : : : : : : : u u u:uu 更圆更小更圆更小u:ei e 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音；eiai 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向
3、音；音；发发 音时，舌尖抵住下齿音时，舌尖抵住下齿ai 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； i i uu 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 u 音；音； uu auau 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 u 音；音；au 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； 音时，用扁平唇音时，用扁平唇 i i 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； uu u 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； u 时，不要把舌抬得过高，时，不要把舌抬得过高，以免读成以免读成u:； uu p发音时，双唇紧闭，然后突然放开，让口腔内气流冲出，爆破成音。发音时声带不振动。p1.pea peach peak pie pig pack 1.pea pea
4、ch peak pie pig pack pair park pause peace pork put pair park pause peace pork put pick pick2.appear compose compare sleeper 2.appear compose compare sleeper spring whisper spend beeper spring whisper spend beeper supper hopper supper hopper3.sharp rope tape cap step 3.sharp rope tape cap step lip h
5、arp heap lip harp heapb发音时，双唇紧闭，然后突然放开，让口腔内气流冲出，爆破成音。发音时声带振动。b1.bee back bear beach bad bill 1.bee back bear beach bad bill beak bait book big bye bake beak bait book big bye bake2.obey robber labor member 2.obey robber labor member timber jobber ribbon verbal timber jobber ribbon verbal3.cab tribe
6、job lab mob rob 3.cab tribe job lab mob rob herb herb t发音时，舌尖紧贴齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然放开，让口腔内气流冲出，爆破成音。发音时声带不振动。t1.tailor turn tune tide tea 1.tailor turn tune tide tea top tap tell tire top tap tell tire2.internal repetition factory 2.internal repetition factory settle motive grateful settle motive grateful h
7、ostage hostage3.represent invent fact used 3.represent invent fact used translate heat hit wet translate heat hit wet wait white wait whited发音时，舌尖紧贴齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然放开，让口腔内气流冲出，爆破成音。发音时声带振动。d1.day delight dignity double 1.day delight dignity double dinner deep dip debt dinner deep dip debt date doubt dat
8、e doubt2.golden leader minded kingdom 2.golden leader minded kingdom tender lady ladder tender lady ladder3.gold dead mind head field 3.gold dead mind head field feed pod friend bread feed pod friend breadk发音时，舌后部隆起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍，然后突然放开，让口腔内气流冲出，爆破成音。发音时声带不振动。k1.cat kite coco courage chemical 1.cat kite
9、 coco courage chemical king kept come came cost, king kept come came cost,2.fact election liquid outskirts 2.fact election liquid outskirts criticalcritical3.think magic neck lock sake3.think magic neck lock sake bark look wake work bark look wake work g发音时，舌后部隆起，形成阻碍，然后突然放开，让口腔内气流冲出，爆破成音。发音时声带振动。g1
10、. guest gust groom goal glad God gun guide got get2. linger angle again pregnant figure finger3. leg tag egg flag league jug dog pig bagf发音时，下唇轻触上齿，让口腔内气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。发音时声带不振动。f1.food fetch fan ferry few 1.food fetch fan ferry few feet fat form farm firm feet fat form farm firm2.afford afraid prefer
11、 laughter 2.afford afraid prefer laughter soften reform reflect refine, soften reform reflect refine, refer infer, refer infer,3.beef enough knife loaf hoof 3.beef enough knife loaf hoof safe life tough laugh safe life tough laughv发音时，下唇轻触上齿，让口腔内气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。发音时声带振动。v1.voice vain vocation victory
12、1.voice vain vocation victory vest vary volley vote vest vary volley vote 2.driver review eleven novel 2.driver review eleven novel avoid invoice invest inviteavoid invoice invest invite3.above live love have3.above live love have wave leave five wave leave five发音时，舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。发音时声带不振动。1.
13、third think thunder theme thought thing thank2.truthful fifthly athlete author something3.bath both mouth month, tooth youth birth发音时，舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。发音时声带振动。1.then those though there this their that these they thus2.without mother either weather whether3.breathe bath clothe smooth with s发音时，
14、舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音。发音时声带不振动。s1.sit scene city sorry something 1.sit scene city sorry something set sat soft sour soil set sat soft sour soil 2.listen message receive sincere 2.listen message receive sincere essay cost casement cask essay cost casement cask 3.loss box ice ships Jacks 3.loss box
15、ice ships Jacks this course ass rice gas this course ass rice gasz发音时，舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音。发音时声带振动。z1.zone zebra zoo zero zip 2.exact scissors puzzle reason residence resign resist resolve3.ages hers pause goes chosen gaze buzz lose as发音时，舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上腭，双唇稍收圆并略突出，让口腔内气流从舌面与一腭间隙缝中挤出时摩擦成音。发音时声带不
16、振动。1.share shed ship shore shoe shine show sheet shake shower 2.mention voracious vicious usher3.lavish fish dish Spanish, rush wash wish fresh发音时，舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上腭，双唇稍收圆并略突出，让口腔内气流从舌面与一腭间隙缝中挤出时摩擦成音。发音时声带振动。1.vision azure pleasure visual 1.vision azure pleasure visual usual treasure measure usual tr
17、easure measure2.rage mirage massage collage 2.rage mirage massage collage prestige prestigeh发音时，气流不受阻碍，仅在通过声门时发出轻微的摩擦。口形不定，随其后的元音而变化。发音时声带不振动。h1.horse house hale hearty have 1.horse house hale hearty have whole hell heat whole hell heat his help hand had hard his help hand had hard 2.childhood secon
18、dhand inhuman 2.childhood secondhand inhuman behave behavior behalf behave behavior behalfm发音时，双唇闭拢，软腭下垂，让气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。发音完毕，双唇仍保持紧闭状态。m1.money music must motive mountain middle master mutual midnight measure meet miss 2.sample simple normal hammer imagine comfort animal postman company camp e room p
19、oem lamb arm calm claim shame game form home yam samen发音时，舌尖抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。发音时，双唇始终微微张开。n1.no know knowledge note noble nervous 1.no know knowledge note noble nervous night navy name now nail narrow night navy name now nail narrow 2.honor plenty land ground cant 2.honor plenty land grou
20、nd cant banner offense island business banner offense island business 3.woman contain eaten taken sudden 3.woman contain eaten taken sudden kitchen season broken American sun kitchen season broken American sun 发音时，软腭下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。1.singer stronger English language 1.singer stronger English
21、language angry hunger sing wing angry hunger sing wing 2.long rang morning drawing driving 2.long rang morning drawing driving cooking reading working walking cooking reading working walking painting eating drinking running painting eating drinking running w发音时，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出，声带振动。发音短促，发音瞬间即
22、滑向后面的元音。w1.will would work wall word 1.will would work wall word Washington wander wit whip Washington wander wit whip wealthy wheel wait went while wealthy wheel wait went while wear why wound wane which wear why wound wane which2.persuade vowel always square 2.persuade vowel always square swim swe
23、ep swam swell power swim sweep swam swell power quiet quarrel quantity question quiet quarrel quantity question quick quack swear swan quick quack swear swan sweet sweat shower sweet sweat showerj发音时，舌前部尽量向上腭抬起，舌位高。双唇伸展成扁平状，声带振动。发音瞬间即滑向后面的元音。j1.you yours yard yesterday year 1.you yours yard yesterda
24、y year yield unify yen use yawn yes yield unify yen use yawn yes yoke yearn young yet yellow yoke yearn young yet yellow2.union coal-yard opinion million 2.union coal-yard opinion million value few abuse accuse fuel value few abuse accuse fuel humor hue huge humiliate music humor hue huge humiliate
25、music mute mutual mute mutuall发音时，舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前部向硬腭抬起，气流从舌的两侧送出。l1.lead lunch local London look 1.lead lunch local London look large love learn lobby lovely large love learn lobby lovely logic loose lookout loinlogic loose lookout loin2.influence world shield float flow felt 2.influence world shield
26、 float flow felt film glue child solve lowland middleman film glue child solve lowland middleman olive silly stimulate valley olive silly stimulate valley3.people girl bottle trail medical apple 3.people girl bottle trail medical apple middle pole ill pill bill wrinkle middle pole ill pill bill wrin
27、kle maple noodle novel maple noodle novel r发音时，舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，舌两侧稍收拢，双唇略突出，气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦，发音时声带振动。r1.rare repair rent repay replace 1.rare repair rent repay replace report republic round wrong respect report republic round wrong respect read red rid rod room read red rid rod room rude right wrote rain
28、rude right wrote rain2.merry hurry factory quarrel 2.merry hurry factory quarrel ferry grass cream crack ferry grass cream crack crop crazy grain growncrop crazy grain grownt 发音时，舌尖舌端抬起贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍，气流冲破这个阻碍后，舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭缝，发出摩擦的声音。发音时声带不振动。t1.chance chalk chief chest choice 1.chance chalk chief chest
29、choice cheap chip chest chat chop cheap chip chest chat chop2.discharge richer picture torture2.discharge richer picture torture3.which hatch rich inch reach3.which hatch rich inch reachd发音时，舌尖舌端抬起贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍，气流冲破这个阻碍后，舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭缝，发出摩擦的声音。发音时声带振动。d1.Jack jacket jeep gymnastic 1.Jack jacket jeep gy
30、mnastic geography germ Jane join joke geography germ Jane join joke judge judge2.biology rejoin major 2.biology rejoin major 3.edge age charge 3.edge age charge urge large urge largetr发音时，舌身与发r音相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的t后立即发r。发音时声带不振动。tr1.travel trip treasure translate troy tree treat track true2. extr
31、a struggle stress strange streak straw strength strike industrydr发音时，舌身与发r音相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的d后立即发r。发音时声带振动。drdrive dry drag dress drove drink dream dreary drown注意发音时的辅音浊化注意发音时的辅音浊化:n在音标中sp相遇p发bn spring spr speak spik nst相遇t发d nstudent stjud()nt study std nsk相遇k发gnschool skul sky ska 音节是由元音和辅音构成
32、的发音单音节是由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。位。一个音节通常由一个音节通常由一个元音音素一个元音音素加加上上一个或几个辅音字母一个或几个辅音字母构成。构成。单独一单独一个元音字母也可以构成一个音节。但个元音字母也可以构成一个音节。但辅音一般不单独构成音节。辅音一般不单独构成音节。单词按其音节多少来划分，可分为三种单词按其音节多少来划分，可分为三种: :单音节词：单音节词：由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词。由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词。 big, fight, I, you, a big, fight, I, you, a 双音节词双音节词: : 由两个音节构成的词叫做双音节词。由两个音节构成的词
33、叫做双音节词。 worker, teacherworker, teacher多音节词：多音节词：由三个或三个以上音节构成的词叫作由三个或三个以上音节构成的词叫作多音节词。多音节词。 family, afternoon, universityfamily, afternoon, university在一个词中，有几个在一个词中，有几个元音音素元音音素（不是元音字母），（不是元音字母），就有几个音节。就有几个音节。分分 类类定定 义义例例 子子重重读读音音节节开音节开音节绝对绝对开音开音节节以以一个元音字母一个元音字母结尾的重读音结尾的重读音节节we he we he meme相对相对开音开音节节
34、在一个在一个元音字母元音字母后面有一个后面有一个辅音字辅音字母母（除（除r和字母组合外）加上一个和字母组合外）加上一个不不发音的字母发音的字母e结尾的重读音节结尾的重读音节name bikerose闭音节闭音节闭音节是指以闭音节是指以辅音字母辅音字母（除（除r和字母组合外）和字母组合外）结尾的音节结尾的音节clock big deskE音节音节元音字母元音字母与与辅音字母辅音字母r结合，构成的音节结合，构成的音节horse star firstre音节音节元音字母元音字母与与re结合，构成的音节结合，构成的音节care here store非重非重读音读音节节在单词中读的比较弱或模糊的音节在单
35、词中读的比较弱或模糊的音节today after1.元音字母a在单词中的发音开音节 Kate name grade age cake face game闭音节 Ann map bag thank am and apple2.元音字母e在单词中的发音开音节 he she me tree jeep bee see 闭音节 egg pen desk pencil yes ten bed3.元音字母i在单词中的发音开音节 hi bike fine nice like kite闭音节 in it is six sit this miss4.元音字母o在单词中的发音开音节 no go home those hello zero 闭音节 not box clock wrong dog on5.元音字母u在单词中的发音开音节 ruler Lucy rule Duty use huge excuse student 闭音节 bus cup must much mug cut number
