1、Unit2 Unit2 ENGLISHENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD(Period 1)Lets discover more about English!Statue of Liberty Big Ben warming up pre-reading Small survey Guess the national flags of different countries, and find out the languages spoken in these countries. Great Britain AustraliaCanada IndiaIrelandNew Zea
2、landSouth AfricaThe U.S.A.The U.S.A.SingaporeEnglish speaking countriesU.K.U.S.A.CanadaAustraliaNew ZealandIrelandReading Do all the English speakers only speak one kind of English?Five kinds of English in the worldCanadian EnglishBritish EnglishAmerican EnglishAustralian English Indian EnglishBriti
3、sh English & American English the ground floor the first floor the first floor the second floor the second floor the third floor the third floor the forth floorapartmentsubwayelevatorerasermomgasliftpetrolrubbermumflatundergroundAm.E V.S. Br.EAm.E V.S. Br.EMain differencesBr.EBr.EAm.EAm.Espellingpro
4、nunciationvocabularycolourcolormetre metertravelledtraveledautumn,fall,post,mail,petrol,gas,film,movie,shop,store,I thinkI guessdance; not; neither; either; Questions:1. With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language. 2. Which country do you think has the most English
5、 learners?3. Look at the title of the following passage and guess what it is about. Then read it quickly and see if you are right.Pre-readingSuggested answer:1. America, Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Philippines, India2. For those that speak English as their first language the
6、USA or India must have the largest number of native speakers as they have the largest populations. For those who learn English as their first foreign language China must have the largest number as it has the largest population.The road to modern EnglishThe roadModern Englishthe development of Englis
7、h language What kind of English before Modern English? 3. Guess according to the title. Main ideasPara. 1:Para. 2:Para. 3:Para. 4:More and more people speak English.The first sentence in paragraph Two.The second sentence in paragraph Three.The number of the English speaking people is increasing . Th
8、e road to modern EnglishAD 450-1150 The English was spoken in England. It was based more on _than the English we speak at present. AD 800-1150 Because the people who _ England spoke first Danish and later French, English became _ like German. In the 1600s _ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever b
9、efore. In 1620 Some British settlers moved to _.In the 18th centurySome British people were taken to _.1765-1947English was spoken in India as well as in Africa and Asia. It became the language for _ and education in India.By the 19th century The English language was settled. Two big changes: Samuel
10、 Johnson wrote his _.Noah Webster wrote _ and gave a separate identity to _ English spelling. Now English is spoken in _, _, _, _ _and so on. German ruled less American Australia AmericanThe American Dictionary of the English Languagedictionary government SingaporeChina MalaysiaIndia Shakespeare Sou
11、th AfricaUnit 2Language points for reading1.at the end of2.nearly all of them3.make voyages to4.because of.5.than ever before6.native language first language mother tongue7.even if/even though8.the same kind e municate with在在的尽头，在的尽头，在末尾末尾几乎他们全部都几乎他们全部都航海航海因为因为比以往任何时候都比以往任何时候都母语母语即使即使相同种类的相同种类的走近，上来
12、，提出走近，上来，提出和和交流交流11.at first12.be different from13.be based on14.more than15.at present16.be able to17.make use of18.a number of19.the number of20.in fact首先，起初首先，起初和和不同不同以以为基础为基础多于，超过多于，超过目前，现在目前，现在能能利用利用许多，大量许多，大量的数量的数量actually 事实上，实际上事实上，实际上1. Nearly all of them lived in England.nearly 与与 almost 用
13、法明辨：用法明辨： (1)在肯定句中,两者可通用 He is almost/ nearly 80 years old. She fell and almost /nearly broke her neck. I almost/ nearly always go to bed at eleven. (2) almost可用在一些含否定意义的词前面，如none，nobody，nothing，never，no one等，表示“几乎或简直(没有)”，而nearly不能。 He has almost nothing to do today. There is almost none left. （3）只
14、用nearly的场合。 a.被 very, not, pretty等修饰时。 b.和具体数字连用时（nearly常用）。 Nearly 100 students attended the meeting. I am very nearly ready.nearlynearly or or almostalmost1他们中间几乎没有一个人有小汽车。 _ none of them has a car2他们吃晚饭几乎总是喝咖啡。 They _ always have coffee for supper3这远远不像你所想的那么容易。 It is not _ so easy as you think4几
15、乎没有人出席会议。 _ nobody attended the meeting5我以前几乎从未看见过她。 I have _ never seen her before Almost almostnearly nearly Almost almost2.because & because of 因为你的关心，我发现生活充满了希望。1）Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope.2）Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.因为雨下
16、得很大，那个男孩穿过树林回家了。1）Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods.2）Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.3. than ever before 比以往任何时候更 than ever before 副词副词 ever 与比较级和最与比较级和最高级连用，用来加强语气，意为高级连用，用来加强语气，意为“比以往任比以往任何时候更何时候更”。Youll speak English better th
17、an ever before. Jane looks much prettier than ever before.4. Native English speaker can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. even if =even though “即使即使”，用来引导一个让步状，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但语从句，后面既可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是是even if / though 引导的从句不用将来时。引导的从句不用将来时。 Eve
18、n if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing. 用if, as if, even if填空（1）_ I had money, I wouldnt buy it.(2) _ I had money, I would buy it.(3) It looks _ it is going to rain.(even if 引导让步状语从句；if 引导条件状语从句； as if/ though “似乎是”, 引导方式状语从句。. A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. .
19、 The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up. . Your question came up at the meeting. 5.Would you please come up to my flat for a visit?走近，上来升起被提出讨论1) Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她现在很忙，不能跟你谈话。她现在很忙，不能跟你谈话。目前你是目前你是13中的学生。中的学生。6.at present:2) At present you are a student of N
20、o.13 middle school. 7. present:1) adj.当前的当前的, 现在的现在的 (作前置定语作前置定语)Did you see the present national leaders?Can you tell us something about the present situation?2) adj.出席的出席的, 在场的在场的(作表语或后置定语作表语或后置定语)Our teacher was present at the meeting.Al the people present agree to my plan.3) n. 目前目前, 现在现在; 礼物礼物I
21、 cant spare time because I am busy at present.What present did you receive from your parents? 4) vt. 赠与赠与, 赠给予赠给予present sth. to / with sbMother presented a gift to me just now. 8. such as & for example such as （T or F） I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom. for example:He can speak
22、four languages such as English and French. Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.用用such as, for example, namely 填空填空(1) Students , _ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from .(2) Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. (3) He knows six languages, _ Chinese French, English,
23、Spanish, Russian and Portuguese.such as namely 9. the number of / a number of9. the number of / a number ofthe number of “.的数目的数目“，后接可数名词复数，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。，作主语时谓语动词用单数。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years. The number of people has reached 50. a number of 许多许多 大量大量 后接复数名词，此
24、短语加复数后接复数名词，此短语加复数名词在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数。名词在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数。（ a great number of / a large number of / a small number of ）A number of teachers are on leave. There are a number of students in the picture. The number of people invited_ fifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons. A . were; was
25、B. was; was C. was ; were D. were; were通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文
26、化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了18世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。 最后，到19世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪
27、尔约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄韦伯斯特编纂了美国英语词典，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。 现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了。译文1.petrol2.voyage3.gradually4.frequently5.identity6.the latter7.actually
28、8.fluentA. who or what sb. or sth. isB. a word for gas in British EnglishC. not suddenD. in factE. the second of two thing or people already mengtionedF. oftenG. long trip by sea or in spaceH. able to speak or write a language wellIt is not easy for Chinese person to speak English asas a English spe
29、aker. One reason is that English has a large. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries. If you use “flat” instead of people in American will know you have learned British English. If you use the word instead of “lift” in Britain, people will know you have studied American
30、English. fluentlynativevocabularyapartmentelevatorcome upsuch asAt presentBecause ofmake use ofEnglish around the worldUsing languageUnit 2Standard English and Dialectsstandard 标准标准, 规格规格dialect 方言方言southern 南部的南部的midwestern 中西部的中西部的Spanish 西班牙的西班牙的play a part 扮演一个角色扮演一个角色 eastern 东部的东部的northwestern
31、 西北方的西北方的recognize 辨认出辨认出,认出认出New words1.Whats the standard English? what is the dialect？ Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. When people used words and expressions different from the “standard language”, it is called a dialect.2.What plays a part in makin
32、g dialects.People from different parts of the world and geography also plays a part in making dialects.1.Whats standard English? 什么是标准英语什么是标准英语? standard (n.)标准标准, 规格规格 (adj.) 标准的标准的 meet standard 符合标准符合标准 standard of living 生活水平生活水平 on a standard 根据某一标准根据某一标准focus2. Believe it or not, theres no suc
33、h a thing as standard English. 信不信由你信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准英世界上没有所谓的标准英语语。 believe it or not 信不信由你信不信由你 Believe it or not, all the people have agreed to the plan.focus3. However, even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak. 然而然而, 甚至在电视上或收音机里都会甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。听到人们在说话时
34、的差异。 the way后面接定语从句时后面接定语从句时, 关系代词关系代词用用that/in which或不用关系代词。或不用关系代词。 I did it in the way that/in which you taught me.focusI dont like_ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which4. America English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African A
35、merican and Spanish dialects. 美国英语有很多方言美国英语有很多方言, 尤其是在中西尤其是在中西部部, 南部南部, 黑人和西班牙方言。黑人和西班牙方言。 5. Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。 play a (adj.) part 扮演扮演角色角色, 起起作用作用 She play a leading part in the play.6.Although many America move a lot,they still recognize
36、 each others dialects. 虽然许多美国人经常搬家虽然许多美国人经常搬家, 但他们但他们仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。 recognize 辨认辨认,认出认出(pick out) recognize sth./sb. as sth./sb. 把把认作认作 Drugs were not recognized as a problem then. Using Language 标准英语和方言 什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在
37、早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。 当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言
38、的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。译文Command and Request Grammar Wash the clothes!Please wash the clothes!Would you please wash the clothes?not polite politevery politePlease change the direct speechinto indirect speech 1. He said, “Im going to Beijing tomorrow. He said he was going to Beijing the n
39、ext day. 2. “What a lovely girl!” they said. They said she was a lovely girl.Test ourselves 3. He asked, “Are you a teacher?” 4. “This is the craziest thing I have heard of so far,” she thought.He asked me if I was a teacher.She thought that was the craziest thingshe had heard of so far. 5. Mr Wang
40、said, “I was born in China in September, 1972.” 6. She said, “They had left when I arrived there.”Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September, 1972.She said they had left when she arrived there. 7. She says, “Liu Fang is good at English.” She says Liu Fang is good at English. 8. He said, “The pl
41、ane takes off at 6:30 am.” He said the plane takes off at 6:30 am. 9. He said, “Where there is a will, the is a way.” 10. “ How much do you think it will cost?” he said.He said where there is a will, there is a way.He asked me how much I thought it would cost.Open your books.Please open your books.C
42、an you open your books please?Could / would you please open you books?commandrequest (polite)request (polite)request (polite)Request and commandChange the commands into requests.Close the door!Get me something to drinkTake the dog for a walk!Speak louder!Clean your room.Watch out!Keep silent!“Open t
43、he window,”the teacher said to the students .(command)The teacher told the students to open the window. Change a command into an Indirect Speech.told sb. to do sth.“Dont open the window,” the teacher said to the students.The teacher told the students not to open the window.told sb. not to do sth.(co
44、mmand)Change a command into an Indirect Speech.“Open the window, please,” the teacher said to the students. (requests)The teacher asked the students to open the window.Change a request into an Indirect Speech.ask(ed) sb. to do sth.(requests)“Dont open the window ,please,” the teacher said to the stu
45、dents.The teacher asked the students not to open the window.Change a request into an Indirect Speech.ask(ed) sb. not to do sth.Lets do some exercisesChange the requests and the commands into Indirect Speeches1.“Shut up,”she said to him.2.“Speak louder, please,” he said to her.“Can you speak louder?”
46、 he asked her.3.“Try the lift,” she said to her.She told him to shut up.He asked her to speak louder.She told her to try the lift.4.“Dont wait for me,” he said to them.5.“Stop wasting the time,” she said to him.6.“Can you tell me a story?” the girl asked her father.He told them not to wait for him.S
47、he told him to stop wasting the time.The girl asked her father to tell her a story. “Follow his instructions, she said to me. “Please could you come to the reception desk?” she asked him. He ordered/told the clerk to change his dirty uniformShe told me to follow his instructions.She asked him to go to the reception desk.She asked him if he could go to the reception desk.“Change your dirty uniform!” he said to the clerk. “Can you lend me five yuan?” he asked me.He asked me to lend himfive yuan.He asked me if I could lend him five yuan.
