1、Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students st
2、udy habits, learning habits, good第一章 输配电线路的基本知识Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to
3、 make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good 汽轮机汽轮机 G G 电能电能用户用户发电机发电机升压变压器升压变压器降压变压器降压变压器输电线路输电线路电力系统电力系统电力网电力网动力系统动力系统配电线路配电线路锅炉锅炉Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more importa
4、nt. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good1.输配电线路的分类输配电线路的分类1.1 输配电线路的作用和特点输配电线路的作用和特点一、输配电线路的分类及作用输配电线路的分类及作用输配电线路分类输配电线路分类按电压等级分类按电压等级分类按结构
5、分类按结构分类按电能性质分类按电能性质分类输电线路输电线路配电线路配电线路架空线路架空线路电缆线路电缆线路交流输电线路交流输电线路直流输电线路直流输电线路Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well wit
6、h their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good输电线路输电线路： 电压等级电压等级35KV 高压输电线路电压等级为高压输电线路电压等级为35220kV 超高压输电线路电压等级为超高压输电线路电压等级为330500kV 配电线路配电线路： 电压等级电压等级380/220V,6、10kV 高压配电线路电压等级为高压配电线路电压等级为110kV 低压配电线路电压等级为低压配电线路电压等级为1kV以下以下注：高压配电线指从变电站将
7、电能送至配电用变压注：高压配电线指从变电站将电能送至配电用变压 压器的架空（或电缆）电力线。低压配电线指压器的架空（或电缆）电力线。低压配电线指 从配电变压器将电能送至各个用电点的线路。从配电变压器将电能送至各个用电点的线路。Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situ
8、ation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good2.输配电线路的特点输配电线路的特点与电缆线路相比，采用架空输电线路具有以下显著优点：与电缆线路相比，采用架空输电线路具有以下显著优点：（1）结构简单，加工制造容易，施工简便，建设速度快，）结构简单，加工制造容易，施工简便，建设速度快， 施工周期短。施工周期短。（2）投资少，经济效益好。）投资少，经济效益好
9、。（3）输送容量大。）输送容量大。（4）容易发现运行线路中的故障，并易于修复。）容易发现运行线路中的故障，并易于修复。绝缘线路与架空明线相比具有许多优点：绝缘线路与架空明线相比具有许多优点：（1 1）如发生短线事故时，仅在短线两端处有电，中间线）如发生短线事故时，仅在短线两端处有电，中间线 路对外无电，从而减轻了对外界的危险程度。路对外无电，从而减轻了对外界的危险程度。（2 2）架空明线因电动力易造成混线，在穿越树林时易引）架空明线因电动力易造成混线，在穿越树林时易引 起短路或接地故障，而使用架空绝缘导线即可避免起短路或接地故障，而使用架空绝缘导线即可避免 上述事故。上述事故。Parents
10、generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habi
11、ts, learning habits, good 1.2 输配电线路的结构及各部件分类输配电线路的结构及各部件分类 1 1导线导线2 2避雷线避雷线3 3绝缘子绝缘子4 4杆塔杆塔5 5拉拉线线6 6线线夹夹7 7拉线拉线盘盘8 8底盘底盘9 9防振锤防振锤1.输电线路的构成输电线路的构成Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to unde
12、rstand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good架空输电线路的组成元件主要有：架空输电线路的组成元件主要有：导线、避雷线（或称架空地线，简称地线）、金具、绝缘子、导线、避雷线（或称架空地线，简称地线）、金具、绝缘子、杆塔、拉线和基础等杆塔、拉线和基础等2.各部件作用及分类各部件作用及分类
13、作用：作用：用来传导电流、输送电能。用来传导电流、输送电能。 导线的材料特性：导线的材料特性：良好的导电率、足够的机械强度、防腐性能。良好的导电率、足够的机械强度、防腐性能。 常用材料为铝、铝合金、钢和钢材料。常用材料为铝、铝合金、钢和钢材料。架空输电线一般采用以单根金属线为中心，将数根乃至数十根架空输电线一般采用以单根金属线为中心，将数根乃至数十根导线绕制而成的绞线。导线绕制而成的绞线。如如LJLJ型，表示铝绞线；型，表示铝绞线；LGJLGJ型，表示钢型，表示钢芯铝绞线；芯铝绞线；LGJJLGJJ型，表示加强型钢芯铝绞线；型，表示加强型钢芯铝绞线；LGJQLGJQ型，表示轻型，表示轻型钢芯铝
14、绞线。例：导线型号型钢芯铝绞线。例：导线型号LGJ150/20LGJ150/20，指钢芯截面，指钢芯截面20mm20mm2 2、铝导体截面为铝导体截面为150mm150mm2 2的钢芯铝绞线。的钢芯铝绞线。（1）导线）导线Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situat
15、ion first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good A A、大档距导线、大档距导线 采用硅铜线、镀锌钢线、铝包钢线采用硅铜线、镀锌钢线、铝包钢线 B B、防腐导线、防腐导线 采用镀铝钢线、钢芯涂防腐油采用镀铝钢线、钢芯涂防腐油 C C、自阻尼导线、自阻尼导线 （或称防振导线）（或称防振导线） D D、光滑导线、光滑导线 E E、分裂导线、分裂导线 F F、扩径
16、导线、扩径导线 (2)(2)避雷线（架空地线）避雷线（架空地线）p 防防止雷直击导线止雷直击导线p 雷雷击塔顶时对雷电流有分流作用，减少流入杆塔的雷电流击塔顶时对雷电流有分流作用，减少流入杆塔的雷电流， 使使塔顶电位降塔顶电位降低低p 对对导线有耦合作用，降低雷击塔顶时对导线绝缘上的电压；导线有耦合作用，降低雷击塔顶时对导线绝缘上的电压；p 对对导线有屏蔽作用，降低导线上的感应过电压。导线有屏蔽作用，降低导线上的感应过电压。避雷线作用：避雷线作用：特殊用途导线：特殊用途导线：Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see wheth
17、er the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good(3)(3)线路金具线路金具金金 具具线线 夹：悬垂线
18、夹，耐张线夹夹：悬垂线夹，耐张线夹连接金具：连接金具：U型挂环，球头挂环，型挂环，球头挂环， 碗头挂环，碗头挂环， 直角挂板直角挂板接续金具：导线各种压接方式所用的接续管，接续金具：导线各种压接方式所用的接续管， 及补修管、并沟线夹、预绞线等。及补修管、并沟线夹、预绞线等。保护金具：保护金具：a. 防振金具（防振锤、护线条、防振金具（防振锤、护线条、 阻尼线、补修线、铝包带。绝缘阻尼线、补修线、铝包带。绝缘 金具（间隔棒、均压环、屏蔽环、金具（间隔棒、均压环、屏蔽环、 重锤）。重锤）。拉线金具：可调式拉线金具：可调式UT型线夹、楔型线夹和拉型线夹、楔型线夹和拉 线棒等。线棒等。Parents
19、generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habi
20、ts, learning habits, good悬垂线夹悬垂线夹Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate
21、 preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good耐张线夹耐张线夹Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with t
22、heir parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good耐张线夹耐张线夹Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning si
23、tuation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good球头挂环球头挂环Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is be
24、st to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good碗头挂环碗头挂环Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so th
25、e first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good直角挂板直角挂板Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether
26、 the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, goodU型挂环型挂环Parents generally valu
27、e the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning h
28、abits, good接续金具接续金具Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations
29、for the students study habits, learning habits, good保护金具保护金具Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents i
30、n advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good拉线金具拉线金具Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first,
31、 to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good(4)(4)绝缘子绝缘子作用：作用：用于支承或悬吊导线使之与杆塔绝缘，保证线路具用于支承或悬吊导线使之与杆塔绝缘，保证线路具 有可靠的电气绝缘强度。有可靠的电气绝缘强度。绝缘子的种类绝缘子的种类针式绝缘子针式绝缘子瓷横担绝缘子瓷横担绝缘子悬式绝缘子悬式绝缘子其他类型绝缘子其他类型绝缘子Parents generally value
32、 the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning ha
33、bits, good针式绝缘子针式绝缘子Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations
34、 for the students study habits, learning habits, good瓷横担绝缘子瓷横担绝缘子Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their pare
35、nts in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good悬式绝缘子悬式绝缘子Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation
36、 first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good防污式悬式绝缘子防污式悬式绝缘子Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is b
37、est to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good(5)(5)杆塔杆塔从杆塔型式和受力上主要划分为从杆塔型式和受力上主要划分为：直线杆塔、耐张杆塔、转角杆塔和终端杆塔四种直线杆塔、耐张杆塔、转角杆塔和终端杆塔四种。耐张杆塔耐张杆塔：能承受较大的导线张力差，同时能够承受导
38、线能承受较大的导线张力差，同时能够承受导线 对杆塔的断线张力。对杆塔的断线张力。转角杆塔转角杆塔：主要用于线路转角处，允许受力小于耐张杆塔，主要用于线路转角处，允许受力小于耐张杆塔，终端杆塔终端杆塔：用于线路首、末端，或电缆线路与用于线路首、末端，或电缆线路与架空线路架空线路的的 分界处，允许受力大于耐张杆塔，转角与终端分界处，允许受力大于耐张杆塔，转角与终端 杆塔从型式和受力上类似于耐张杆塔，转角杆杆塔从型式和受力上类似于耐张杆塔，转角杆 塔承受垂直线路方向水平力塔承受垂直线路方向水平力，还承受导线张力还承受导线张力 引起的角度合力，终端杆塔能承受单侧导线张引起的角度合力，终端杆塔能承受单侧
39、导线张 力。力。直线杆塔直线杆塔：是位于两承力塔之间的中间杆塔，正常情况下是位于两承力塔之间的中间杆塔，正常情况下 不承受导线的张力，仅承受导地线及相关金具、不承受导线的张力，仅承受导地线及相关金具、 附属设施的垂直地表方向的重力和风引起的垂附属设施的垂直地表方向的重力和风引起的垂 直线路方向的水平力。直线路方向的水平力。 Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. I
40、t is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good终端杆塔终端杆塔Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor
41、, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good转角杆塔转角杆塔Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see
42、whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good耐张杆塔和直线杆塔耐张杆塔和直线杆塔Pare
43、nts generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study
44、habits, learning habits, good(6)(6)拉线和基础拉线和基础拉线：用来平衡作用于杆塔的横向荷载和导线张力，可以减少拉线：用来平衡作用于杆塔的横向荷载和导线张力，可以减少 杆塔材料的消耗量，降低线路造价杆塔材料的消耗量，降低线路造价作用：作用： A .提高杆塔的强度，承担外部荷载对杆塔的作用力，以提高杆塔的强度，承担外部荷载对杆塔的作用力，以 减少杆塔的材料消耗量，降低线路造价。减少杆塔的材料消耗量，降低线路造价。 B. 连同拉线棒和拉线盘，一起将杆塔固定在地面上，以连同拉线棒和拉线盘，一起将杆塔固定在地面上，以 保证杆塔不发生倾斜和倒塌。保证杆塔不发生倾斜和倒塌。
45、基础：基础：杆塔基础：是用来支撑杆塔，并将杆塔固定在地面上，杆塔基础：是用来支撑杆塔，并将杆塔固定在地面上，以保证杆塔不发生上拔、倾斜、倒塌和下沉等的设施。以保证杆塔不发生上拔、倾斜、倒塌和下沉等的设施。Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first
46、, to communicate well with their parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good1.3 导线截面的选择方法导线截面的选择方法一、导线截面选择的要求一、导线截面选择的要求p线路年运行费低，符合总的经济利益。线路年运行费低，符合总的经济利益。p导线在运行中的温度不应超过其最高允许温度。导线在运行中的温度不应超过其最高允许温度。p所选定的导线截面必须大于按机械强度所要求的最小截面所选定的导线截面必须大于按机械强度
47、所要求的最小截面p110kV及以上电压等级的输电线路，导线截面应按电晕条件及以上电压等级的输电线路，导线截面应按电晕条件 进行验算。进行验算。Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with thei
48、r parents in advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good二、导线截面选择与校验的方法二、导线截面选择与校验的方法1.导线截面的选择导线截面的选择按经济电流密度选择导线截面按经济电流密度选择导线截面2max()ISmmJ其中其中S为导线的经济截面，为导线的经济截面，Imax为线路在正常运行方式下的为线路在正常运行方式下的最大负荷电流，最大负荷电流，J为经济电流密度为经济电流密度经济电流密度经济电流密度(A/mm2）导线材料导线材料最大负荷利用小时
49、数最大负荷利用小时数Tmax3000以下300050005000以上铝1.651.150.90铜3.002.251.75Parents generally value the first class, mainly to see whether the students can accept the tutor, so the first class is more important. It is best to understand the students learning situation first, to communicate well with their parents i
50、n advance, to make adequate preparations for the students study habits, learning habits, good2.导线截面的校验导线截面的校验（1）电晕校验）电晕校验不必验算电晕的导线（适用于海拔小于不必验算电晕的导线（适用于海拔小于1000m的地区）的地区）额定电压（额定电压（kV）110220330500导线外径9.621.3221.3327.4-423.7相应导线型号LGJ-50LGJ-240LGJ-2402LGJQ-4003-3004Parents generally value the first class
