1、Unit 4 Space Exploration A卷 基础夯实2021-2022学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册单元测试AB卷第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Do women make BETTER astronauts? Russia locks an all-female crew in a space simulator(太空模拟器) for eight days to find out. Six Russian women have been s
2、ent into a spaceship to begin a unique experiment testing how an all-female crew would relate to others on a trip to the Moon and back. Its interesting for us to see what is special about the way a female crew communicates, said Sergei Ponomaryov, the experiments leader. It will be particularly inte
3、resting in terms of psychology, said the institutes director Igor Ushakov. Id like to wish you a lack of conflicts, even though they say that in one kitchen, two housewives find it hard to live together, he added. The volunteers include scientific researchers, a doctor and a psychologist. The test p
4、eriod simulates(模仿) a flight to the Moon and back, with the women carrying out 10 experiments covering psychology and human biology. Russia sent the first woman into space, Valentina Tereshkova, in 1963 but has fallen behind since. Last year, it sent its fourth female astronaut into space, Yelena Se
5、rova. Serova complained of a great deal of media interest in how she would wash her hair aboard the International Space Station, pointing out that male astronauts did not face the same line of questioning. The women found themselves fielding questions at a press conference about how they would act w
6、ithout men or makeup for eight days. We are very beautiful without makeup, said participant Darya Komissarova. Her colleague Anna Kussmaul was more direct: We are doing work. When youre doing your work, you dont think about men and women. They plan to spend their 11/2 hours per day of free time watc
7、hing films, reading and playing board games. Team leader Yelena Luchnitskaya said she expected the women to deal with any conflict.(1) In which column can you find this passage on a website?A.Education.B.Entertainment.C.Science.D.Economy.(2) Whafs the purpose of the experiment?A.To show that women c
8、an do better than men.B.To test whether women can be good astronauts.C.To gather information about the conditions in space.D.To measure the distance from the earth to the moon.(3) What do we know from what Igor Ushakov said?A.Women cannot live peacefully in space at all.B.There may be conflicts amon
9、g the women astronauts.C.The female crew will deal with each other in a new way.D.Being in the same kitchen helps the women live together.B Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one
10、 particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. However,Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem,but he could not fi
11、nd the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the. shape of an ellipse(椭圆). Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 15
12、31,1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart. This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He
13、decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again. It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what the comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There
14、 were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it. for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halleys comet, in his honour.1.Halley made his discovery_.A.by doing experimentsB.by means of hi
15、s own careful observationC.by using the work of other scientistsD.by chance2.Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year _.A.1704B.1705C.1706D.17073.This passage in general is about_.A.Halley and other scientistsB.the orbit of a cometC.Newton and HalleyD.Halley and his discovery4.Whi
16、ch of the following is TRUE?A.Newton was a famous mathematician.B.Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.C.Edmund Halley was an American scientist.D.The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.C “Hello,Earth! Can you hear me?” Thats the voice more than 400,000 people received recently. It
17、 was from Philae, a space vehicle that landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions(传送信号) back home went silent since then. It took a long time for Philae to make its way across the solar system and reach comet 67P/CG. The space vehicle got there aboard the Rosetta probe(探测器), which has bee
18、n circling around the comet since Philae separated from it in November, 2014. Philaes job was to collect materials to study the comets composition. And for about two and a half days after landing, it did just that,sending the information back to scientists on Earth. But Philaes landing on the comets
19、 icy surface had not been smooth. While touching down, it jumped up and ended up in the shadow of something like a huge rock. Philae runs on solar power, but there was no light in the place where it landed. In the end lit failed to work. However, as comet 67F/CG moved closer to the Sun, more sunligh
20、t reached the space vehicle, allowing it to power up and come back online. Philae then sent something to Rosetta,which passed on the information back to Earth. We only received the information for about 85 seconds, but thats enough to let us know it is alive and well, says Stephan Ulamec, who works
21、for the European Space Agency. We hope to work out where it landed exactly on the 4-kilometre-wide comet. Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions.1.Hearing Philaes voice, those people must have felt_.A.afraidB.calmC.excitedD.worried
22、2.According to the text, Philae_.A.was damaged when it landedB.moved around comet 67P/CGC.needs light and gas to keep workingD.helps scientists learn about a comet3.What Stephan says in the text suggests that_.A.Rosetta will move around another cometB.Philae will continue to work for scientistsC.mos
23、t comets are as wide as four kilometresD.he wonders whether Philae is still alive4.What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A.A sleeping space vehicle wakes up.B.It is very dangerous to travel in space.C.A new comet was discovered recently.D.Philae was sent into space successfully.D A new
24、study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amou
25、nt. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life. NASA, the American space agency,said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASAs Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, It just
26、 may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖). The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These
27、 measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘)on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry .this suggests th
28、at recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain. I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history, Meyer said. “As long as thats true,we also have a reasonable possibility of life still bei
29、ng on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden. NASA currently has no robotic vehicleeither on Mars or in developmentwith the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.1.What do American sc
30、ientists find on Mars now according to their study?A.A lot of little life.B.An amount of water.C.Some Martian hills.D.Dark markings are sand.2.When do the markings come out?A.In Martian spring.B.In Martian summer.C.In Martian autumn.D.In Martian winter.3.Whats Meyers opinion about having life on Mar
31、s?A.Doubtful.B.Trustful.C.Indifferent.D.Objective.4.What does the underlined word “cryptic ” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.UndiscoveredB.Strange.C.Magical.D.Icy.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I work as a meteorologist(气象学家) in Tampa, Florida. Its my job to follow hurrica
32、nes(飓风) and provide information about them to scientists. I was working for the National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995,and I saw a dorumentary, called Stormchasers with my family._ Two months later I came across an ad for a meteorologist to work in Florida. I
33、 was interviewed over the phone, moved to the US, and started to work here in Tampa in May 1996._I have been all over the world hunting hurricanes. Its exciting to end up in different cities and different countries day after day. If you are a meteorologist, you have to love flying. I also love worki
34、ng with top scientists._ For me, its like a classroom in the sky. People often ask me what an average day is like. In fact, theres no such thing as an average day in my job!_ We often take off at a moments notice to hunt storms. Next, I would like to join a space programme and be the first meteorolo
35、gist in space._ There arent any hurricanes! If you also want to be a meteorologist, study maths and science and get a degree in meteorology. I have taken the hurricane hunter path, but you could do research.A.I have learnt so much from them. B.What I like most about my job is the travel.C.Its a wond
36、erful job and the pay is pretty good. D.It all depends on the weather, and you cant control that. E.However, I havent come up with an experiment to do in space yet.F.Because of the job, Im away from my family who all live in the UK. G.It was about hurricane hunters andI thought, Wow, thats an intere
37、sting job! 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tom came from France. It was his first visit to England, and he was looking forward to his first journey on Londons Underground Railway. And against his friends 1 , he was determined to travel 2 . He
38、 entered the station shortly after five oclock in the afternoon. This is a 3 time to travel in London, 4 crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He 5 to join a long line of people waiting for tickets. When at last his 6 came,he had some difficulty in making himself understood by the ticket
39、seller. 7 , he got the right ticket in the end and by asking people the way,he also found the right platform (月台). It was 8 with people. Unfortunately,he did not 9 to get on the first train,but he was able to move nearer to the platform so as to be in a better 10 to get on the next one. When this tr
40、ain came in, Tom was 11 forward onto the train by the push of people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off. He was unable to see the 12 of the stations where the train 13 but he knew that the station he wanted was the sixth stop along the line. When the train reached the sixth statio
41、n, Tom got off, feeling 14 that his journey had been so easy. But he suddenly realized that he had come to a station he had never 15 . He explained his trouble to a man who was standing on the platform. With a smile on his face, he told Tom that he had caught atrain goingin the opposite(相反的)directio
42、n.1.A.thoughtB.adviceC.relationD.favour2.A.alongB.abroadC.aloneD.away3.A.shortB.terribleC.possibleD.certain4.A.butB.andC.soD.because5.A.plannedB.hopedC.expectedD.had6.A.turnB.timeC.chanceD.luck7.A.BesidesB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Hopefully8.A.seizedB.caughtC.coveredD.crowded9.A.agreeB.tryC.manageD.expect1
43、0.A.positionB.stateC.situationD.seat11.A.sweptB.foughtC.tookD.brought12.A.signsB.namesC.pointsD.numbers13.A.leftB.movedC.startedD.stopped14.A.sickB.pleasedC.sorryD.tired15.A.talked aboutB.heard ofC.thought ofD.arrived at第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China sent up its seco
44、nd space laboratory, the Tiangong 2,on Thursday night, which will become the countrys _ (large) scientific platform in space. The lab will undergo(经历)preparations in space for about one month and will take two astronauts to the lab to enter it. _ astronauts will stay inside the lab for 30 days, Stri
45、ctly _ (speak),the Tiangong 2 is Chinas first space laboratory. Microgravity(微重力),strong radiation _ extreme temperatures in space can influence research on life science, physics and new technologies, so Chinese scientists will make full use _ the Tiangong 2 to do _ ( experiment) that are not possib
46、le on Earth. The Tiangong 2 has devices to test in-orbit repair technologies for Chinas future manned space station, _ (plan) to be built around 2022. Moreover, each system on the space lab uses a special design, which means they can be _ (rapid) changed or repaired in case of trouble. This is the first time that a Chinese spaceship _ (use) the special design. The country is expected _ (have ) the only space station after the International Space Station is retired in 2024.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （满分15分）你校英文报的Ast
