1、Discovering Useful Structure Discovering Useful Structure BY CynthiaBY CynthiaLearn to describe festival activities by using -ing form as the attribute and predicative. The -ing form asthe Attribute OneMost people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.They use the same flag k
2、nown as the Union Jack.Review Past Participle:Review Past Participle:Thinking:Thinking:What is attribute?What is attribute?What is pre-modifier and post-modifier?What is pre-modifier and post-modifier?Task 1: Read through the passage, and Task 1: Read through the passage, and then tick out all the t
3、hen tick out all the V V-ING form. Identify -ING form. Identify which one is used for attribute.which one is used for attribute.4. ., which slowly became an exciting festival for children2. . admire the shining moon3. . the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting Firecrackers1. . the spir
4、it of sharing joy.5. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial6. with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations7. Online shopping websites and social media apps.8. others believe the increase in spending.V-ing formV-ing form4. ., which slowly became an exciting festival for children2. .
5、admire the shining moon3. . the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting Firecrackers1. . the spirit of sharing joy.5. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial6. with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations7. Online shopping websites and social media apps.8. others believe t
6、he increase in spending.V-ing form uV-ing form used sed for attributefor attributeTask 2: Read EX 2 , and then tick out all the V-ING form used for attribute.Task 2: Read EX 2 , and then tick out all the V-ING form used for attribute.1. ., enjoying the relaxing atmosphere!2. so its always an excitin
7、g time for me.3. Families getting together and eating delicious food, people waiting sports games on TV, friends laughing and talking.4. .take my eyes off the shining lights on the Christmas eve5. Lots of smiling faces, and people singing Christmas carols and wishing each other .Pre-modifier: Pre-mo
8、difier: Post-modifier: Post-modifier: Sentence 1, 2, 4, 5Sentence 1, 2, 4, 5Sentence 3, 5Sentence 3, 5 (2)如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面。e.g.：Anyone will be punished.swimming5. Lots of smiling faces, and people singing Christmas carols and wishing each other . V
9、-ing form V-ing form有两种形式：有两种形式： 动名词与现在分词动名词与现在分词The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boyFUNCTION 1. 表示被修饰表示被修饰词词属性、作用或用途属性、作用或用途,可写为可写为“名词名词+for+动名词动名词”FUNCTION 2. 表示被修饰词表示被修饰词所处所处的状态，的状态，可写为定语从句可写为定语从句a stick for walkinga pool for swimming a car for sleepingA man who is walkingThe girl who
10、 is swimmingThe boy who is sleepingA walking stickA swimming poolA sleeping carNo swimmingthe swimming kids a dancing girl boiling water表示被修饰者的正在进行，表示被修饰者的正在进行，主动的动作主动的动作The girl drinking in the tree is beautifulFunction 3The leaves _ look like yellow butterflies.The leaves which are falling down lo
11、ok like yellow butterflies.falling down The girl who is sitting under the tree is very beautiful.The girl_ is very beautiful.sitting under the tree现在分词作现在分词作定语定语时时, 放在所修饰的名词放在所修饰的名词之后之后, 并且并且在意思上相当于一个在意思上相当于一个定语从句定语从句1. 动名词相当于名词，名词可以充当的成分，动名词也可以充当动名词相当于名词，名词可以充当的成分，动名词也可以充当(比如比如主语、宾语、表语，定语主语、宾语、表语，定
12、语)。2. 现在分词相当于形容词或副词，形容词、副词可以充当的成分，现现在分词相当于形容词或副词，形容词、副词可以充当的成分，现在分词也可以充当在分词也可以充当(定语、状语、表语、补语定语、状语、表语、补语)。先举几个现在分词的例子：先举几个现在分词的例子：1)I dont know the man smoking at the gate.smoking at the gate 是现在分词短语，做定语，修饰是现在分词短语，做定语，修饰 the man。2)Having managed his wealth, he became richer.having managed his wealth
13、是一个是一个“现在分词短语现在分词短语”，在句中做状语，在句中做状语，表原因。表原因。3) I saw the kid stealing in the bus.stealing in the bus 是是“现在分词短语现在分词短语”，句中做宾语补足语，句中做宾语补足语(宾语：宾语：the kid)。动名词的情况：动名词的情况：1)Making cakes is one of my mothers hobbies. making cakes 是动名词短语做主语。是动名词短语做主语。2)I like watching baseball. watching baseball 是动名词做宾语。是动名词
14、做宾语。还有两个重要的区别点：还有两个重要的区别点：1. 动名词和现在分词都可以放在核心名词前做定语，但用法不同。动名词和现在分词都可以放在核心名词前做定语，但用法不同。现在分词作定语时，表示所修饰的名词的动作，而动名词表示所修饰名词本身的属现在分词作定语时，表示所修饰的名词的动作，而动名词表示所修饰名词本身的属性。如性。如:现在分词现在分词: a barking dog一只正在叫唤的狗；一只正在叫唤的狗；a flying bird一只正在飞的鸟一只正在飞的鸟动名词动名词: a waiting room 候车室；候车室；a sleeping bag睡袋睡袋2. 动名词、现在分词都可以做表语，但
15、用法也不一样：动名词、现在分词都可以做表语，但用法也不一样：现在分词相当于形容词，可以做表语现在分词相当于形容词，可以做表语; 动名词相当于名词，也可以作表语。形容词动名词相当于名词，也可以作表语。形容词表语和名词表语当然也是不一样的。比如：表语和名词表语当然也是不一样的。比如：I am happy.(形容词表语形容词表语) I am a teacher.(名词表语名词表语)体会动名词、现在分词做表语的案例：体会动名词、现在分词做表语的案例：He is disgusting.他令人恶心。他令人恶心。(分词做表语分词做表语)His task is cleaning the windows.他的工
16、作是擦窗户。他的工作是擦窗户。(动名词做表语动名词做表语)The snowman that is being made now looks very lovely.The snowman_ now looks very lovely.being made被动、进行The building_will be/ is the biggest one in the city.Find out the time when using the follow forms.A. being builtB. to be builtC. builtThe -ing form asthe Predicative T
17、WOTask 3: Read EX 3, and then tick out all the V-ING form used for Task 3: Read EX 3, and then tick out all the V-ING form used for Predicative. .The performances were just amazing.Thinking: Make more sentences using V-ING form for Thinking: Make more sentences using V-ING form for Predicative. .V-i
18、ng forms常译为常译为 Example: exciting, encouraging, tiring, interesting, surprising?令人令人的的astonishing frightening frustrating fascinatingrewarding terrifying inspiringboringdisappointingconfusingamusingencouragingexcitingdelightinginterestingmovingpleasingHer full-time job is laying eggs.温馨提示：此时系动词只能为:be
19、His job is making people laugh.=Making people laugh is His job. 说明主语的内容，可以换说明主语的内容，可以换到句首做主语到句首做主语Function 1 :His love for his mother is moving. The cartoon is amusing.That sounds interesting.Function 2 :系动词可为：系动词可为：be, become, look, sound表示主语的特征、性质和状态，通常可表示主语的特征、性质和状态，通常可以看做形容词。常译为以看做形容词。常译为“令人令人的的
20、”。一、不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”;分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。例句1：Our plan is to keep the affair secret. (主语和表语是相等的)例句2：This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. (主语和表语是不相等的)二、不定式和动名词作表语的区别不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作;动名词作表语
21、强调的是一语法知识书籍般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。例句：His job is to paint the walls. 三、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。例句1：This dog is frightening. 这条狗令人害怕。（说明狗的特征）例句2：This dog is frightened. 这条狗害怕。（说明狗的状态）PracticeThreeI think winter is a _ _ season, especially when it snows. The snowflakes
22、 _ on the fields cover everything like white quilts. In the morning, many volunteers _ _ heavy coats come out to clean the snow. The roads _ now will not be slippery any more. What children expect most is _ a snowman. With so many children playing and _, the cold winter is full of warmth and vitalit
23、y.fall clean laugh fascinate wear makeComplete the passage with words below in their proper formsfascinatingbeing cleanedwearingfallingmakinglaughingComplete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many foo
24、d festivals are _ because people are just eating. However, this festival is _because people dont actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! The number of people _ part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very _fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean.boringinterestingtakingexcitingamazing
