1、一 Listening and Speaking 1. marchvt.使前进，使行军vi.行进；前进；示威游行；进行n行进；行军；示威游行；进行曲；三月一词多义例句(1)At the end of the march，I was very tired.行军(2)In our country，spring lasts from March to May.三月(3)About 5,000 people marched through the city to fight against the war.示威游行(4)We marched 50 km across the foothills.进行，
2、行军(5)Mr Carter marched us into the principals office.使某人前进2. dress (sb) up穿上盛装；装扮dress up as. 装扮成；打扮成dress oneself 自己穿衣be dressed in 穿着(表示穿的状态)例句(1)It is now a childrens festival，when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.如今它成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮，上邻居家要糖果吃。(2)We are suppo
3、sed to dress up as movie characters for the party; what a good idea!我们在晚会上要装扮成电影中的角色，这是一个多么好的主意啊！(3)Dressed in a red coat，she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的外衣，她看上去更漂亮了。(4)The little boy is too young to dress himself.这个小男孩太小，不会给自己穿衣服。3. congratulationn祝贺；恭喜(1)congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜congratulations to sb.
4、on sth. 祝贺某人某事Congratulations! 恭喜你！(2)congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth. 就向某人祝贺congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. 感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴例句(1)I want to express my sincere congratulations on your success.我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。(2)We offered our congratulations to the winners.我们向获胜者祝贺。(3)Congratulations on your ma
5、king great progress in learning Chinese.祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得大的进步。4. after all毕竟；别忘了above all 最重要的是；尤其是all in all 整体说来；总而言之in all 全部；合计at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟first of all 首先例句(1)Think of it，after all，we have to pay.想想啊，毕竟我们曾经都付出了。(2)First of all，let them introduce themselves to us.首先，让他们向我们作自我介绍。(3)He ha
6、s done it well. After all，he is only a learner.他做得很好。毕竟，他只是个初学者。(4)Id like to buy a house first of all modern，comfortable，and above all in a quiet neighborhood.我想买一套房子，首先要现代、舒适，尤其是要在一个安静的社区里。(5)All in all，every road leads to Rome，and I do believe hard work pays off.总而言之，条条大路通罗马，我相信努力工作是值得的。辨析above a
7、ll意为“最重要的是；尤其是”，强调事物的重要性。after all毕竟；究竟，导出原因，通常放在句首。first of all意为“首先”，强调事物的排列顺序。in all意为“总共；总计”。二 Reading and Thinking 1. rangen种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列(1)a full/wide range of 各种各样的；范围广泛的；一套；一系列in/within range (of.) 在()可及的范围内beyond/out of range (of.) 超出(的)范围(2)range from A to B 在A到B范围内变动range
8、between A and B 在A和B范围之间变动例句(1)She has a wide range of interests.她有广泛的兴趣爱好。(2)Hiring and firing are both within the range of his responsibilities.招聘和解雇员工都在他的职责范围内。(3)She has had a number of different jobs，ranging from cleaner to bus driver.她做过许多不同的工作，从清洁工到公交司机都做过。2. figuren画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图v.估
9、计；计算；认为(1)figure out 理解；想出；计算出；弄明白(2)keep ones figure 保持体形have a good figure 身材好a political/public figure 一位政治/公众人物例句(1)I figure that you know more about the MBA.我认为有关MBA你知道的更多。(2)Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.我们的教科书里有很多插图来帮助解释课程内容。(3)If you dont understand something，you
10、may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。(4)It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country havent got a job.要是我们有一个确切的数字来统计这个国家有多少人没有工作就好了。3. gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割(1)gather together/up 聚集；收拢(2)gather
11、 round/around 围拢(3)gather in 收割；收获例句(1)We sent three men to gather up firewood for the fire.我们派出3个人去搜集生火用的柴火。(2)The people gathered round，curious to know what was happening.人们聚集在一起，好奇地想知道发生了什么事儿。(3)The farmers are busy gathering in the crops in the field.农民们在田野里正忙于收割庄稼。辨析gather意为“收集，聚集”，指把分散的东西或抽象的东
12、西聚集起来，也可指把人集中、聚集起来。The captain gathered all the soldiers before him，telling them to get ready for the fight.上尉把所有士兵集合在他面前，叫他们做好战斗准备。collect意为“收集，采集”，着重于计划性和选择性含义，指有计划、有目的、有选择地“收集”。We have collected 30 samples from over 200 patients.我们从200多名患者中收集了30个样本。4. gratefuladj.感激的；表示谢意的(1)be grateful to sb for
13、 sth 因某事而感激某人(2)be grateful to do sth 因做某事而感激(3)I would be grateful if you could do. 如果你能，我将感激不尽。例句(1)Im so grateful to you for all that youve done.对于你所做的一切我都非常感激。(2)He was grateful to have someone to talk to.他很感激有人跟他谈话。(3)She would be very grateful if you could give her an early reply.如果你能早点给他答复，她将
14、非常感激。5. decoratevt.装饰；装潢；授予勋章/奖章(1)decorate.with 以装饰(2)decorate sb for 因为而授某人勋章(3)decoration n装饰；装潢；装饰品例句(1)Decorate the house with decorations you make.用自己做的装饰物来装饰房子。(2)He was decorated for bravery.他获颁发英勇勋章。6. significantadj.有重大意义的，显著的significance n.重要性；意义be of great significancebe very significant
15、 非常重要be of no significance 无意义，不重要attach significance to 重视例句(1)The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。(2)The task took him a significant amount of time.这份工作花了他大量的时间。(3)Timely en
16、couragement from a teacher is very significant/is of great significance to his/her students.老师及时的鼓励对学生很重要。注意常见“beof抽象名词”的短语：(1)be of significancebe significant(2)be of importancebe important(3)be of valuebe valuable(4)be of helpbe helpful(5)be of usebe useful7. fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱fade out (声音、画面)
17、逐渐模糊；渐淡fade in (声音、画面)逐渐清晰；渐强例句(1)The sound of the cheering faded away.欢呼声逐渐消失。(2)Their voice fades out as they go off stage together.他们一起走下舞台，声音逐渐变小。(3)A view of the prairie faded in.一个草原的景象渐显。8. typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；一贯的；平常的be typical of . 在中典型的；有代表性的its typical of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事一向如此例句(1)This
18、painting is fairly typical of his early works.这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。(2)It is typical of him to play jokes on others.他一向喜欢取笑别人。(3)It is typical of him to help those who are in trouble.他一向喜欢帮助那些处于逆境的人。9. in spite of不管；尽管(1)in spite ofn. 尽管(2)in spite of the fact that.although/though. 尽管例句(1)He would go i
19、n spite of our warning.尽管我们提出警告他还是要去。(2)In spite of the troubles of the past two years，there could be light at the end of the tunnel.尽管在过去的两年里麻烦不断，但我们应该相信在隧道的另一端一定会看到光亮。(3)In spite of the fact that it is snowing，she is going out for a walk.Although/Though it is snowing，she is going out for a walk.尽管
20、正在下雪，她仍然要出去散步。辨析regardless of强调不认为重要，从而不加以重视或考虑。后可接whether，what引导的从句。despite/in spite of后常接名词，不接从句。10. take advantage of利用；欺骗；占的便宜make use of利用；使用make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用make the best of 充分利用make the most of 充分利用例句(1)In the meantime，you can take full advantage of it.在此期间，您可以充分利用它。(2)
21、We should make full use of the Internet.我们应充分利用因特网。(3)She really tries to make the most of herself by dressing well.她确实想通过穿着漂亮尽量发挥自己的优势。11. reflectv映照；反射；思考；显示(1)reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事；回忆某事(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像be lost in reflection 陷入深思中例句(1)Your cho
22、ice of clothes reflects your personality.你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。(2)She could see her face reflected in the water.她可以看见映在水中的自己的脸。(3)The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on/upon before we act.我们采取行动之前需要思考市场可能的反应。(4)You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your successes and failu
23、res.你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。12. faithn宗教信仰；信任；相信(1)have faith in sb./sth. 信任某人某事lose faith in sb./sth. 对失去信心(2)faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的(3)faithfully adv. 忠实地；忠诚地例句(1)Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰影响的。(2)I have great faith in you. I know you will be successful one day.我非
24、常相信你，我知道终有一天你会成功。(3)She has great faith in my ability.她对我的能力很有信心。13. have sth in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征；有共同点；共享have much/a lot/something/little/nothing in common (with.) (与)有许多/一些/很少/毫无共同之处in common with. 与一样；和很像例句(1)In pairs discuss what they have in common.两人一组，讨论一下它们有什么相同之处。(2)They found that
25、they had a lot in common and got on well with each other.他们发现他们有很多共同之处，且彼此相处很好。(3)In common with many young people，he prefers pop music to classical music.和许多年轻人一样，他更喜欢流行音乐，不太喜欢古典音乐。14. However，no matter how difficult they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace
26、 is common in all festivals.然而，在全世界所有的节日中，不管它们看起来是多么的不同，但共享喜悦，感恩，爱与和平的精神是一致的。“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。例句(1)Today，both male
27、 and female athletes from around the world can take part，no matter what nation they come from.如今，世界各地的男女运动员都能参加，无论他们来自哪个国家。(2)No matter where you go，Ill follow you.不管你去哪里，我都会跟着。(3)No matter who breaks the law，he must be punished.法网恢恢，疏而不漏。15. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with busi
28、nesses taking advantage of the celebrations.随着商业对各种庆祝活动的利用，节日也变得越来越商业化了。句中with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations为with的复合结构作状语。(1)with宾语to do(表示将来的动作)(2)with宾语doing(表示主动或进行)(3)with宾语done(表示被动或完成)(4)with宾语介词短语/adj./adv.例句(1)With the exam coming near，I felt very nervous.随着考试的临近，我感觉十分紧张。(2
29、)With a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.有当地向导带路，我们很容易就到了那儿。(3)With time going by，he became more and more hardworking.随着时间的流逝，他变得越来越勤奋了。16. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.网上购物的网址和社会媒体软件
30、的应用让公众花更多的钱为所爱的人买礼物变得更容易了。句中made it much easier for the public to spend.，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to spend.。(1)makeitadj./n.that从句(2)makeitadj./n.to do不定式(3)makeitno good/no use/no value.doing sth.例句(1)This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一系列反应，使生命的发展成为可能。(2)We sh
31、ould make it a rule to clean our classroom every morning.我们应该把每天早上打扫教室当作一条规则。(3)I have a good command of English，which makes it easier for me to find a good job.我精通英语，这使我更容易地找到一份好工作。三 Listening and Talking 1. go off爆炸；走火；离开go ahead 前进；干吧；说吧go up 上涨；上升；攀登；增加go against 违反；违背；(决定、判决等)对不利go by 流逝；根据决定go
32、 over 检查，审查；复习，重温go without 没有也行；没有而勉强应付go after 追逐；追赶例句(1)The fire alarm went off；I just grabbed my clothes and ran out.火警响了，我抓起衣服就跑了出去。(2)As time went by，they realized the importance of health.随着时间的流逝，他们意识到健康的重要性。(3)Though things went against Mary，she went on trying.尽管事情对玛丽不利，她还是继续努力。(4)She left h
33、ome in tears so I went after her.她哭着离开了家，所以我追了上去。(5)Shall I open the window to let in some fresh air?Sure，go aheadIts really hot here.我打开窗户让新鲜空气进来好吗?当然，请便。这里真的很热。2. pleasedadj.高兴的(1)be pleased to do.很高兴做某事(2)be pleased with 对很满意(3)be pleased with oneself 自鸣得意；飘飘然例句(1)Unfortunately George cannot be w
34、ith us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.不幸的是乔治今天不能来了，故而我很高兴能替他领奖。(2)We are very pleased with her decision.我们对她的决定很满意。(3)He was very pleased with himself.他看起来飘飘然的。3. frankadj.坦率的；直率的(1)be frank with sb. 对某人坦率(2)to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说例句(1)Let me be perfectly frank with you.让我清楚坦白
35、地跟你说吧。(2)To be frank，some of his ideas are quite good.坦率地讲，他的有些主意的确不错。Grammarv.ing形式作定语和表语一、v.ing形式作定语1单个动词的ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。building materialsmaterials for building建筑材料a reading rooma room for reading阅览室(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也
36、可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。a puzzling problema problem that puzzles somebody一个困扰人的问题a surprising resulta result that is surprising一个惊人的结果developing countriescountries that are developing发展中国家2v.ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。(1)They lived in a room facing the street.They lived in a room that faces the s
37、treet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。(2)The man standing there is Peters father.The man who is standing there is Peters father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。3v.ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。(1)The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the br
38、eeze, had a good crop of fruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。(2)His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.His brother, who is working as a teacher，lives in Beijing.他的哥哥住在北京，是个老师。注意有些情况下，动词的ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。(1)作定语的v.ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。误The professor coming here yesterday
39、 will give us a lecture.正The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。(2)动词ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。误The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.正The temple(which has been)destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。二、v.i
40、ng形式作表语ving形式作表语可分为两种情况：现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。My job is teaching.我的工作是教书。注意现在分词和动名词作表语时的区别：第一句中的interesting为现在分词，它表示“工作”的特征；第二句中的teaching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明。正因为如此，动名词作表语时可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置。误：Interesting is my job.正：Teaching is
41、my job.四 Reading for Writing 1. representvt.象征；代表；相当于(1)represent.as/to be. 宣称为；把描绘成represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事represent oneself as/to be. 自称是(2)representative n.代表 adj.典型的；有代表性的a representative of 的典型代表例句(1)She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.她称自己的母亲是世界上最仁慈的母亲。(2)H
42、e represented himself as an expert.他自称为专家。(3)As a representative of our school he gave a speech at the meeting.他作为我们学校的代表在会上作了发言。(4)He represented the whole course of the accident to the policemen on the spot.他向在场的警察叙述了事故的全过程。2. set off出发；动身；启程set aside 留出；忽视；不顾set about 着手；开始做set out 出发；开始做set down
43、 写下；记下set up 建立；安排；搭起例句(1)A great many boys were setting off fireworks in the street during the Spring Festival.春节期间，许多男孩在街上放烟花。(2)For all three years I have been working for others, so Im hoping Ill set up my own business someday.三年来，我一直在为别人工作，所以我希望有一天我能成立自己的公司。(3)Set aside some time each day to pr
44、actice speaking English, even if it is only five minutes.每天留出一些时间练习说英语，即使只有五分钟。3. fancyadj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自以为是fancy sth. 想要某物fancy doing sth. 想要做fancy从句 想象/以为例句(1)My sister likes to collect fancy clothes.我姐姐喜欢搜集奇装异服。(2)I fancy (that) its going to rain today.我看今天要下雨。(3)I used to fancy what I wo
45、uld like wearing a long snow dress.过去我常常想象自己穿着雪白长裙的模样。(4)What do you fancy doing，anyway?你到底想干什么?4. After singing some songs，the competitors danced onto the green field，waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.唱了几首歌后，选手们在绿色田野上跳起了舞，在空中挥舞着手臂，就像老鹰一样。as if “好像；仿佛”，此处引导方式状语从句。(1)as if (though) 还可引
