1、一 Listening and Speaking fortunen机会；运气(1)make a fortune 发财seek ones fortune 外出找出路try ones fortune 碰运气(2)fortunate adj.幸运的be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 幸运地做某事(3)fortunately adv.幸运地例句(1)Mr. Parker worked in a small company for two years and then he went abroad to seek/try his fortune.帕克先生在一家小公
2、司里工作了两年，然后就出国碰运气了。(2)Nowadays many young people dream of making a fortune in big cities.现在许多年轻人梦想在大城市里发财。(3)To his joy，he had/has the fortune to train with some of the worlds top athletes.使他感到高兴的是，他有幸与一些世界顶级的运动员一起训练。二 Reading and Thinking 1. admitvt.&vi.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)(1)admit(doing/having done) sth.
3、 承认(做过)某事admitn.to be. 承认是admit sb./sth.into/to 允许某人/某物进入/加入be admitted to/into. 被录取，被接纳，被允许进入be admitted as. 作为被接受(2)admission n.进入；入场费；承认例句(1)He admitted stealing some vegetables.他承认偷了菜。(2)The boy was very happy because he was admitted into a key university.这个男孩很高兴，因为他被重点大学录取了。(3)The theater admit
4、s 1,000 people.这个剧院可容纳一千人。(4)It is admitted that nowadays peoples attitude towards the disabled has changed a lot.不得不承认的是，现在人们对残疾人的态度已经有了很大的改变。2. I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.我不得不承认，再次回到这个城市的感觉确实很好。句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to be back。(1)it系动词形容词to do.(2)i
5、t系动词名词to do.(3)it系动词介词短语to do.(4)it动词宾语 (形容词)to do.例句(1)It is better to get up early.早起会更好。(2)It takes a lot of effort to recover the system.恢复系统不是一件容易的事情。(3)It is against the law to steal.偷窃是犯法的。3. occurvi.发生；出现sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to /strikes/hits sb. that. 某人突然想起It occurs to sb.to
6、 do sth. 某人突然想起做某事例句(1)A good idea occurred to me all at once.突然我想到了一个好主意。(2)It had never occurred to him that she might be against him.他从没想到她会反对他。(3)When did the accident occur?事故是什么时候发生的？(4)It occurred to me that it had been too long since I heard from Wallace.我突然想到，自上封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。注意(1)oc
7、cur结构中主语不能是人，而是想到的事情或it。(2)表达“发生”之意时，occur与happen可以互换。4. There are so many beautiful old buildingsmany sitting on top of big hills，.有太多漂亮的老建筑物好多都坐落在群山之上，many sitting on top of big hills 为独立主格结构，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，即many of which sit on top of big hills.(1)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；但有时分词(短语)有自己的主语，这种结构称为独
8、立主格结构，独立主格结构在句中作状语。(2)独立主格结构形式归纳：名词/代词现在分词(表示主动和进行)名词/代词过去分词(表示被动和已经完成)名词/代词不定式(表示将要发生的动作)名词/代词形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)with名词/代词现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词短语/副词例句(1)He lay on his back，his hands crossing under his head.他双手交叉放在头下面，仰面躺着。(2)Time permitting，well have a dictation today.如果时间允许的话，今
9、天我会听写。(3)Leaves falling here and there，I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.树叶到处飘落，我突然意识到秋天来临了。5. I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.一连好几个小时，我四处走着，欣赏街头艺术。句中looking at the street art为现在分词短语，在句中作状语，表示伴随的情况。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系。另外，现在分词在句中还可作时间、原因、结果状语
10、。例句(1)Gathering around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.那些旅行者们聚在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。(2)She lay in bed staring at the last leaf on the tree.她躺在床上，眼睛盯着那棵树上最后一片叶子。(3)The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.那位可怜的老人去世了，什么也没给他的孩子们留下。6. head to(朝)前进；(朝)去head.to 把引至或领到head up 走在前头；当
11、头；领导例句(1)She and her child boarded a plane heading to where her family lived.她带着孩子登上了一架回家的飞机。(2)The girl headed her little sister to the school.姐姐把小妹妹领到学校。(3)A band headed up the parade.一个乐队走在游行队伍的前面。7. seekvt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求；探索(1)seek for/after 寻找；追求(2)seek sb/sth out 找出某人/某物(3)
12、seek to do sth 试图做某事例句(1)They are seeking for/after solutions to the problems.他们正在寻找这些问题的解决方法。(2)How can we seek out a really good person for the job?我们怎样才能找到一个真正适合的人来做这项工作？(3)We are always seeking to improve working conditions.我们一直设法改善工作条件。8. earnvt.赚得；挣得；博得；赢得(1)earn ones/a living(make ones/a livi
13、ng) 谋生(2)earn sb. sth. 使某人赢得/获得(3)earn moneymake money 赚钱(4)earn a reputation 赢得美名(5)earnings n.所得；收入；工资例句(1)He now earns his living as a lorry driver.他现在靠当卡车司机谋生。(2)She doesnt earn much money，but she enjoys the work.她赚的钱不多，但是她喜欢这份工作。(3)Everyone should have the means to earn their own living.每个人都应该有
14、自己谋生的手段。(4)His achievement earned respect for him.他的成就赢得了人们的尊重。9. selectvt.挑选；选择；选拔(1)select.as/to be. 挑选作为(2)select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事(3)select.for. 为挑选例句(1)We selected him as/to be our monitor because he was very responsible.我们选他当我们的班长，因为他很负责任。(2)Simon has been selected to make a speech at the o
15、pening ceremony.西蒙被推选出在开幕式上致辞。(3)After a long walk，we selected a good place for our camp.走了很长的路后，我们选了一个露营的好地方。10. cant wait等不及想做(某事)(1)急于想做某事can hardly wait to do sth.can never wait to do sth.(2)cant help doing sth. 禁不住要干某事例句(1)We cant wait to have a try.我们等不及想要尝试一下。(2)They cant wait for a view of t
16、hat singer.他们等不及想要看看那位歌手了。(3)He cant help taking out of phone from his bag as soon as he sat down on the table.他一坐到桌子上，就情不自禁地从包里拿出手机。11. claimn&vt.夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言(1)claim to do. 声称做It is claimed that. 据称(2)make a claim 声称；断言例句(1)We agree to accept all your claim.我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔。(2)We will see
17、 those who claim to be leaders for the peace.我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人。(3)It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.据称有些医生每周工作80小时。(4)He made a claim that he would be elected as president of the company.他声称他将被选为公司的总裁。12. apart from除了外(还)；此外(1)apart from具有下列三层含义：相当于as well as/in addition
18、to。指“除之外(还)；此外；加之”，强调“另外还有”；相当于aside from。指“除了外”；相当于except for。指“除了外(都)；要不是”，是在对某人或某物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。(2)take.apart 将拆开tell sb./sth. apart 把某人/某物区分开例句(1)Apart from the boring fight between the two heroes，it is a really good movie.除了两个主人公之间乏味的打斗以外，这部电影还真的不错。(2)Apart from being a painter，she is also
19、 a yoga coach.除了是位画家，她还是个瑜伽教练。(3)Except for the ending，its a really good film.除了结尾以外，这真的是一部好电影。13. escapevt.&vi.逃脱；逃走；避开n逃脱；逃跑；解脱(1)escape from. 从逃脱；逃避escape doing/being done sth. 逃避(被)做某事escape death 死里逃生a narrow escape 九死一生(2)escaped adj.逃跑了的例句(1)Where can we go to escape the crowds?我们到哪里才能躲开这些人群？
20、(2)The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了。(3)Hethe escaped from the prison last year. He was almost found and shot by the police，but luckily he had a narrow escape.Hethe 去年从那座监狱逃脱了。他差一点被警察发现后击毙，但是幸运的是，他总算死里逃生了。(4)It was reported that one passenger was fortunate to escape being kil
21、led in the plane crash.据报道一名旅客非常幸运地在空难中逃生。三 Listening and Talking collectionn作品集；收集物；收藏品collect vt.收集；采集(1)make a collection for 为募捐(2)a collection of 一批；一系列例句(1)A glass-fronted cabinet displayed a collection of china figurines.玻璃面展柜中陈列了一系列瓷质小塑像。(2)His workmates made a collection for his leaving par
22、ty.他的同事为他的告别晚会募捐。Grammar省略省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法手段。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子都是省略句。一般说来，只要不损害语法结构或者引起歧义，能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑，而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。1简单句中的省略(1)主语的省略祈使句可省去主语。Hand me the hammer，will you?把锤子递给我好吗？除祈使句外，还有其他省去主语的情况。Dont know.不知道。省略了：ILooks like rain.像是要下雨了。省略了：It(2)谓语或谓
23、语的一部分的省略。Anything you want to tell me?有什么事要告诉我吗？省略了：Is thereThe students still waiting？学生们还在等吗？省略了：Are(3)主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分的省略。The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before we go.电影8：30开始，我们可以快速地吃点东西就走。Sounds great. See you at 8：10.听起来很好。8：10见。省略了：ItGoing to town？进城去吗？省略了：Are you(4)宾语的省
24、略。Where should we go？我们去哪里？I dont care. Anywhere you want.我无所谓，你想去哪儿就去哪儿。省略了：where we go(5)表语的省略。Are these your friends？这些人是你的朋友吗？Yes，they are.是的，他们是我的朋友。省略了：my friends(6)系动词的省略有些省略结构省去了系动词，尤其在口语中。Everything in good condition.一切都完好无损。省略了：is(7)不定式的省略A答语中的有些动词后跟不定式做宾语时，可将其动词省略，而保留to，这样的动词或短语常见的有want，w
25、ish，expect，hope，like，love，try，forget，prefer，mean，be going to，be about to，be supposed to等。Will you go with me？你要和我一起去吗？Yes，Id like to(go with you)是的，非常乐意。B如果做宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态，则需在to之后加上be或have。Are you a doctor？你是医生吗？No，but I want to be.不，但我希望是。He hasnt finished his homework.他还没有完成作业。He ought to have.他
26、本应该完成的。C两个或两个以上的不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的常可省略to。My job is to look after the children and teach them English.我的任务是照顾孩子并教他们英语。但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to都不能省略。To be for the plan or to be against it doesnt matter.赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。D当不定式做表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及其各种形式，则不定式中的to常可省略。What he wants to do is go home.他想做的就是回家。E感官动词和使役
27、动词后面做宾语补足语的不定式要省略to(help后的to可带可不带)。I saw a boy fall down from the tree.我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。Ill help you(to) do the work.我会帮你做这项工作的。F介词but前面有动词do，后面的不定式可省略to。He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。2并列句中的省略并列句中后面分句与前面分句的相同部分常可省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子中省略了什么。They dont agree with you and neither do I.他们不同
28、意你的意见，我也不同意。省略了：agree with youShe was poor but honest.她虽然穷但很诚实。省略了：she was3复合句中的省略(1)宾语从句中的省略A以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，只保留特殊疑问词。You are unhappy. Can you tell me why?你不高兴。能告诉我为什么吗？省略了：you are unhappyB当用Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等做答句时，后面常用省略形式。Do you think it will rain？你认为会
29、下雨吗？I guess so.我猜会。常用表达：I hope so.我希望如此。I hope not.我希望不会。Im afraid so/not.恐怕如此/不是。I think/believe/guess/expect/suppose so.我认为/相信/猜/希望/认为是这样的。C在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略。He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.他告诉我她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且很聪明。(2)定语从句中的省略A在限制性定语从句中做宾
30、语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。He is one of the men(whom) I can trust.他是我信任的人之一。B修饰way的关系副词that(in which)可以省略。This is the way(that/in which)he studies.这就是他的学习方法。C在非正式用语中，关系代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。He gave the same answer as(he had given) before.他给出的答案和以前(他给的)一样。(3)状语从句中的省略A在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果其主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是
31、it且从句中谓语动词包含be，常把从句的主语和be省略。Unless necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，否则你最好别查词典。省略了：it isBe careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。省略了：you areB在比较状语从句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。Im taller than she.我比她高。省略了：is I hate him as much as you.我和你一样恨他。省略了：hate him(4)虚拟语气中的省略在if引导的虚拟语气中，如果从句中含有助动
32、词were，had(done)，should，则可省去if，把were，had，should提到从句句首。Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。If John were here，he would know what to do.Were John here，he would know what to d
33、o.要是约翰在这儿，他会知道怎么做。If anything had happened，he would have let her know.Had anything happened，he would have let her know.要是发生了什么事，他会让她知道的。If she had lost her place，they all would be ruined.Had she lost her place，they all would be ruined.要是她丢了职位，他们就都完了。四 Reading for Writing 1. settlevi.& vt.定居；安家；结束(争论
34、)；解决(纠纷)(1)settlement n定居点；解决settler n移民；解决者(2)settle down 定居下来；使安静下来settle (down) to (doing) sth 开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事settle into 适应于例句(1)It will take you a few months to settle into life at college.你要花几个月的时间适应大学生活。(2)He hoped to settle down in the countryside.他希望在农村定居。(3)I really must settle down to do
35、ing some serious work.我真的必须安静下来做些正经事了。2. constructionn建筑；建造；建造物；(句子或短语等的)结构(1)construct vt.建筑；建造；创建；组成constructor n建筑者；制造者(2)during (the) construction 在建设过程中(be) under construction 正在建设中；在施工例句(1)Major engineering challenges will be faced during (the) construction.在建设过程中将面临较大的工程挑战。(2)Its dangerous to
36、 get close to the building under construction.靠近正在建设中的大楼是有危险的。3. What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.这里最初是中国移民的居住区，后来变成了中国文化的中心。句中What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants为what引导的主语从句。what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本
37、身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。例句(1)What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.使这家商店与众不同的是它提供更人性化的服务。(2)This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为“盐湖城”的地方。(3)Show me what you have bought.把你买的东西给我看看。4. suitvt.适合；满足需要；相配；合身n西服；套装(1)a suit of 一套suit.to. 使适合(2)suited adj.适合的(作表语)be suit
38、ed for/to sth. (某人)适合某物(3)suitable adj.适当的；相配的be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事例句(1)If we meet at 2，would that suit you?我们两点钟见面，你方便吗？(2)He can be very helpful，but only when it suits him.有时候他非常愿意帮忙，不过那得合他心意。(3)If you want to go by bus，I think it suits me fine如果你想坐公共汽车去，我认为那对我也非
39、常合适。(4)Besides，finding a way suitable for yourself is also important.此外，找到适合自己的方法也很重要。辨析suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合、颜色、款式等match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配fit多指大小、形状的合适5. (at) first hand第一手；亲自at hand 在手边；在附近；即将到来；即将发生at second hand 第二手；间接by hand 用手；亲自例句(1)I only heard the news at second hand我只是间接听到这个消息的。(2)Soon s
40、chool will end and the vacation will be at hand学期快结束了，假期即将到来。(3)I heard about it at first hand from my neighbor.我是直接从我的邻居那里听来的。6. containvt.包含；含有；容纳(1)contain oneself 克制自己(2)container n.容器；集装箱；货柜例句(1)There are 60 students in our class，containing 35 boys and 25 girls.我们班有60名学生，包含35名男生和25名女生。(2)When h
41、e was criticized by the boss，he was so angry that he couldnt contain himself.当他被老板批评时，他很生气，以至于无法控制自己。(3)The container contains many kinds of fruits，including a pineapple/a pineapple included.这个容器盛放着许多种水果，其中包括菠萝。辨析contain“包含”，侧重于整体内有，指在某一范围或整体内容纳某物include“包含”，侧重于被包含，只是整体的一部分。including为介词，放在被包含的事物之前；i
42、ncluded为形容词，放在被修饰的名词之后Writing如何写城市/镇简介技法指导 本单元的写作任务是介绍某一个城市/镇，此类文章一般为说明文，地点介绍类说明文属于事物性说明文，要求用简洁的语言把需要介绍的要点讲清楚，时态多用一般现在时。经典句式1开头常用句式(1)Now Ill tell you something about the greatest places of interest in our town.现在我来告诉你一些有关我们城镇的名胜景点的事。(2)Im more than glad to tell you something about the history of ou
43、r city.我非常高兴来为你讲述我们城市的历史。(3)Hearing you are coming to the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River，Im very happy to be your guide.听说你们要来长江三峡，我很高兴成为你们的向导。2主体段落常用句式(1)The beautiful town is located along the shore of the lake.这个美丽的城镇坐落于湖的沿岸。(2)Our new town covers an area of 12，000 mu. with 2 rivers running th
44、rough it.我们的新城占地12 000亩，有两条河流穿城而过。(3)The old town dates back to the late seventeenth century.这座古城建于十七世纪后期。3结尾常用句式(1)Guilin，the small city，is unique and like a water colour painting，especially a Chinese painting，waiting for visitors from all over the world to have a look at it.桂林，是一个充满水墨色彩的小城，更像一幅中国画，正等着来自全球的游客来参观。(2)Yet in spite of this，you can still find some of the citys grand past.但是，尽管如此，你还是可以找到一些这个城市辉煌的过去。(3)Im looking
