1、 1. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003. 2. This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future. 3. More recently, China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurem
2、ents and observations. 4. Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. 5. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
3、Infinitive 动词不定式动词不定式(to do)B3U4 GrammarInfinitivesLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm i
4、n order to work in space. 3. To do that sort of thing is foolish.4. The company refused to cooperate with us.5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 6. They dont allow people to smoke in the theater.adverbialadverbialsubjectobjectattributeobject compl
5、ement主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式to doto be done进行进行式式to be doing完成完成式式to have doneto have been done完成进行完成进行式式to have been doing 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态1. 全全家家人去了海边度假。人去了海边度假。The whole family went to the seaside _.2. 他起来之后，发现所有人都走了。他起来之后，发现所有人都走了。He woke up, _.3.听到那个不幸的消息，我们都很震惊。听到那个不幸的消息，我们都很震惊。All of us
6、were shocked _.目目的状语的状语To do 做状语做状语1. 表目的：表目的：to do, in order to, so as to2. 表结果表结果: to find, enough to, only to, tooto3. 表原因：表原因：sb + be + adj. (情感类形容词）情感类形容词）+to doto spend their holidayonly to find everybody goneto hear the sad news结果状语结果状语原因状语原因状语to do 作状语作状语练习：练习：1. 为了赶上第一班公共汽车，他很早就起床了。为了赶上第一班公
7、共汽车，他很早就起床了。 To / In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.2. 听到这个消息，她很失望。听到这个消息，她很失望。 She is disappointed to hear the news.3. 他他到了火车站，却发现火到了火车站，却发现火车已车已经走了经走了。 He arrived at the train station, only to find the train had already left. 目目的状语的状语结果状语结果状语原因状语原因状语to do 作状语作状语1. 我每天有很多作业要做。我每天有很多作
8、业要做。 I have a lot of homework to finish every day.2. 他有个很重要的问题要思考。他有个很重要的问题要思考。 He has an important problem to think about.3. 这房子住着很舒适。这房子住着很舒适。 The house is comfortable to live in .4. 你是第五个被邀请去她生日晚会的人。你是第五个被邀请去她生日晚会的人。 You are the fifth man to be invited to her birthday party.n. + be +adj. + to doS
9、b./Sth.+be +序数词序数词/next/last+n. to do sth. 某人某人/某物第几个做某事某物第几个做某事To do作定语作定语Sb. have sth. to doThere be sth. to do. to do 作定语作定语 完完成这个项目需要很多时间。成这个项目需要很多时间。 _ takes a great deal of time. 她今天的目标是要记住她今天的目标是要记住20个单词个单词 Her aim today is _ 步步行对年轻人和老人都是一种很好的行对年轻人和老人都是一种很好的锻炼锻炼方式。方式。 _ is a good form of exer
10、cise for both the young and the old. 她的工作是照顾那些小孩。她的工作是照顾那些小孩。 Her job is _.doing做主做主/表：抽象的，一般的行为表：抽象的，一般的行为to do做主做主/表：具体的，特定的行为表：具体的，特定的行为To finish the projectto remember 20 words.Walkinglooking after those childrento do 作主作主/表语表语1. You were quite within your rights to refuse _ (cooperate) with him
11、. 2. He had promised _(give) me a hand. 你你决定了接下来做什么了吗？决定了接下来做什么了吗？Have you decided _? 你认为掌握一门外语有必要吗？你认为掌握一门外语有必要吗？Do you think _.to cooperate to giveit necessary to master a foreign languagewhat to do next不定式有时和连接代不定式有时和连接代/副词一起构成宾语；作宾语的不定式有宾副词一起构成宾语；作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语，常用语补足语，常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语.常接不定式做宾语的动词有：
12、常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, continue, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wishto do 作宾语作宾语我发现跟他一起工作很困难。我发现跟他一起工作很困难。I find it hard to work with him.I find to w
13、ork with him hard. feel, find, make, think, believe, consider 接不接不定式做宾语定式做宾语, 补补语是形容词语是形容词(间或是名词间或是名词),常用常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语,把不定式后移把不定式后移.to do 作宾语作宾语1. 医生让他戒烟。医生让他戒烟。The doctors made him give up smoking.2. 我看见他把你的字典拿走了。我看见他把你的字典拿走了。I saw him take your dictionary away.3. 有人看见他进了房间。有人看见他进了房间。He was seen t
14、o enter the room.4. 我们不允许这样的事情再发生。我们不允许这样的事情再发生。We dont allow such things to happen again. 主动语态不带主动语态不带to，被动语态，被动语态to不能省略不能省略1.使役动词使役动词：get ,set, leave, make, have, let2.感官动词感官动词: see, hear, feel, notice, observe etc.to do 作宾补作宾补 want sb.to do sth. wish sb.to do sth like sb.to do sth expect sb.to do sth leave sb. to do sth. hate sb.to do sth love sb.to do sth dislike sb.to do sth prefer sb.to do sth ask sb.to do sth tell sb.to do sth order sb.to do sth invite sb.to do sth teach sb.to do sth get sb.to do sth force sb.to do sth beg sb.to do sth allow sb.to do sth permit sb.to do sth
