1、Unit 5 The Value of MoneyDiscovering Useful Structures情态动词(Modal verbs)和过去将来时(The past future tense)【语法感知】根据课文完成下列句子: 1. Young man, _you step inside a moment, please? 2. _we ask what youre doing in this country and what your plans are? 3. Well, I _say that I have any plans. 4. Anyway, I didnt _to tr
2、y again. 5. Well, you _worry about that. Its an advantage. 6. Please dont go. You _think we dont care about you. 7. Yes, I _go get the letter. wouldwouldMayMaycantcantdaredaremustntmustntmustntmustntwas about towas about to【语法精讲】. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)一、情态动词表特别语气1. can/could(1)表示能力, 意为“能, 会”; could主要指过去
3、的能力。*)Then I cancan spare some time to learn it again, so that we cancan practice together every day. 然后我就可以抽出些时间重新学习它, 这样我们就可以每天一起练习。Our aim was to see if we could could live, in some way, like real Parisians. 我们的目标就是要看一看我们能否在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人那样生活。(2)表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时, 两者均可用, 但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时, 一
4、般要用can, 而不用could。*CanCan/CouldCould I use your bike tomorrow morning? Yes, you cancan. 我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗? 是的, 可以。(3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度时, 意为“怎么能, 怎么会”, 主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中, 用could时语气较委婉。*How cancan you be so careless! 你怎么能这么粗心! 【知识延伸】can与be able to的区别can只能用在一般现在时, 而be able to可用于更多的时态。*He will be able towill be
5、able to tell you the news soon. 他将能够很快就告诉你这个消息。表示过去特定的能力或经过努力才具备的能力, 只能用be able to。*I talked with her for a long time, and finally I was able towas able to make her believe me. 我和她谈了很长时间, 最终, 我让她相信了我。2. must表示现在或将来必须要做某事, 多是出于义务、责任或强制命令, 指说话人的主观意志。The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is someth
6、ing you must must try after the climb. 山脚下的温泉是你爬山后一定要试试的。*(2020新高考全国卷)Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you mustmust master. 你想成为一名优秀的公共演讲家吗? 以下是你必须掌握的一些原则。must用法点拨(1)回答must引出的问句时, 如果是否定的回答, 不能用mustnt, 而要用neednt或dont have to。MustMust we hand in our English exercise bo
7、oks? 我们必须交英语练习册吗? Yes, you must must. (No, you dont have todont have to. /No, you needntneednt. )是的, 你们必须要交。(不, 你们不必)。(2) must用于疑问句中, 可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩, 意为“偏要, 硬要”。mustnt的意思是“禁止”, 而不是“不必”。*Must Must you interrupt me now? Cant you see Im on the phone? 你非要现在打断我吗? 难道你没看见我在打电话吗? have to表示“必须, 不得不”, 意义与mu
8、st很接近, 但must表示主观意志, 而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事, 并且可用于更多的时态。 I work not because I have tohave to, but because I want to. 我工作不是因为我不得不工作, 而是因为我想工作。*We mustmust promote our environmental awareness and behave ourselves. 我们必须提高环保意识, 并规范我们的行为。【即学活用】用适当的情态动词填空(1)_ you please be kind enough to tell me something
9、about that? (2)Because I _spend all my time studying, I cant have fun with my friends. (3)So excited was I that I _wait to try my hand at riding it. (4)Im not a trained musician, but Ive learnt to read music so I _help Maria in her performance. (5)_ you worry her with questions when she is busy cook
10、ing dinner? CouldCouldmustmustcouldntcouldntcancanMustMust3. may/might(1)表示请求时, 两者都可用, 只是 might 表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去); 表示许可时, 通常要用 may而不用might。*If it is convenient, may/might I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday? 如果方便的话, 我可以下周二到办公室拜访你吗? *Might/May I smoke beneath the tree? Yes, you can. /No, yo
11、u mustnt. 我可以在这棵树下吸烟吗? 是的, 你可以。/不, 你不可以。(2)may表示祝福与愿望, 多用于书面语中, 构成句型: May+you/n. +动词原形+. . . *May you have an unforgettable tourist experience! 祝你拥有一段难忘的旅游经历! 【知识延伸】may well+动词原形, 表示“很可能”; may/might as well do sth. 不妨做某事。*He may well be surprised at the result. 他很可能会对这个结果感到意外。*To start with, you mig
12、ht as well learn to speak Mandarin. 首先, 你最好学会说普通话。4. shall(1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时表示征求意见。Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight? Dont bother. Ill drive her there. 我要给Sarah订今天晚上去机场的出租车吗? 不用麻烦了。我会开车送她去的。(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句时, 往往表示给对方(you)或第三者(he, she, they)以允诺、命令、决心、警告或威胁等, 在法律、条约、协定等文件中
13、可以表示义务、规定等。*You shallshall fail if you dont work harder. 如果你不再努力点儿, 你就会失败。(警告)*Each citizen shall shall carry his identification card when travelling. 旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。(规定)5. should/ought to(1)表示责任、义务, 意为“应该, 应当”。*(2020全国卷)I wonder if parents shouldshould always tell the truth no matter the consequenc
14、es. 我想知道父母是否总是说出真相, 无论结果如何。【即学活用】用适当的情态动词填空(1)You _ as well walk outside with your friends or take some exercise. (2)_ we go there together this Friday afternoon? (3)_ you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China again. (4)Ive realized that playing the game does me too much harm and I _chan
15、ge this. (5)I have realized that I _be responsible for not only myself, but also for the society. may/mightmay/mightShallShallMayMaymustmustshouldshould*You should should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. 你应该重新评估你的目标, 并激励自己设立新的目标。(2)should表示惊讶、赞叹或不满, 意为“竟然”。*I cant beli
16、eve my eyes. There should should be such a modern school in so small a town. 我难以相信自己的眼睛, 在这个小城镇里竟然有这么现代化的学校。6. will/would(1)will表示“意愿, 意志”, would表示过去时间的“意愿、意志”。*I promise I will do my best to provide best service for the Asian Games. 我许诺我会尽最大努力为亚洲运动会提供最好的服务。*I told her to stop crying, but she just w
17、ouldnt listen. 我告诉她别哭, 但是她不愿意听。(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中, will和would均可用, would此时不表示过去, 而是表示委婉语气。* If I send back the wrong shoes, will your company pay for the postage? 如果我把错误的鞋发回去, 你们公司可以付邮费吗? (3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作, 意为“总会, 老是”; would表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。*Fish will die without water. 没有水, 鱼会死去。*Durin
18、g the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 在假期中, 他每隔一天来看我一次。【知识延伸】would与used to的区别(1)would表示过去经常性且反复发生的动作, 没有与现在对比的含义。*When we were boys, we would go swimming every summer. 当我们是孩子的时候, 我们每年夏天常常去游泳。(2)used to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态, 且现在已终止, 强调今昔对比。*People used to believe that the earth was flat. 过去,
19、 人们总以为地球是扁平的。(现在已不再这样认为)7. need, dare(1)need表示必要性, 意为“需要”, dare表示“敢于”; need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中, 无人称和数的变化, 疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。*Since no cash is needed in the future, we neednt neednt worry about wallet or money being stolen any more. 因为在将来不需要现金了, 我们不用再担心钱包或钱被偷了。*As he was badly hurt, many people we
20、re standing around watching with sympathy, but no one dareddared to help him up. 由于他伤得太重了, 很多人站在周围同情地看着, 但是没人敢帮他起来。(2)need和dare用作实义动词时, 有词形变化。在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。*Many English learners think that speaking fluently means they need to speak fast. 很多英语学习者认为说得流利就需要说得快。* He doesnt dare (to) meet his teachers
21、eyes. 他不敢与老师对视。【即学活用】用适当的情态动词填空(1)He _go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he was young. (2)Now we can do it through face recognition, which really saves time so that we _wait in a queue. (3)I _do anything for her. (4)If we _go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. wouldwo
22、uldneedntneedntwillwilldared notdared not二、情态动词表推测1. must表示有把握的推测, 只用于肯定句中, 意为“一定, 肯定”。*I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. 我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋, 并且我认为它炒起来一定很简单。2. can/could表示推测, 意为“可能”, 用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。*He must be at home; he cant still be in the office at su
23、ch a late hour. 他一定在家, 他这么晚一定不会在办公室。can表示客观可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上), 意为“可能会”。*It cancan be rather hot in our hometown in March. 在我们家乡三月份可能会很热。3. may/might意为“可能, 也许”, 指可能性小的猜测。might比may语气更不确定, 表示的可能性更小。*(2020全国卷)I tell my mom that if were forced to eat things, we maymay become ill. 我告诉我妈妈, 如果我们被迫吃东西, 我们可能会生病。
24、4. should表推测, 暗含很大的可能, 意为“应该, 理应”。*Its 4: 30. They shouldshould be in New York by now. 现在是四点半, 他们现在应该到达纽约了。【名师点津】情态动词表示推测时, 可能性的大小肯定句: mustcan/couldshouldmaymight否定句: cant/couldntshouldnt may notmight not【即学活用】用适当的情态动词填空(1)Jack _be in the reading room now. Because I saw him in the office just now. (
25、2)It _ rain this afternoon. Youd better take a raincoat with you. (3)“Hi, Mum! Im on the bus; I _be home in about ten minutes. ”(4)I am sure that you _be very interested in the activities at the party. cantmay/mightshouldmust三、情态动词+have done情态动词+have donemust have done对过去的肯定推测, “过去肯定”cant/ couldnt h
26、ave done对过去的否定推测, “过去不可能做了”could have done本来能够做而没做may/might(not) have done可能(没有)做过某事should (not)/ought (not)to have done本来该做而没做/本来不该做而做了neednt have done本来不必做却做了*It must have rainedmust have rained last night, for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了, 因为路面十分潮湿。*He couldnt have known couldnt have known the
27、 decision, but someone told him. 他一定不知道这个决定, 但是有人告诉他了。*You could have madecould have made greater progress, but you didnt try your best. 你本能够取得更大的进步, 但是你并没有尽全力。*You may have droppedmay have dropped it when you were shopping in the market. 你或许是在市场买东西的时候(把它)掉了。*You should have comeshould have come to
28、school if you were really serious about your study. 要是你真的对待学习认真的话, 你本应该来上学的。 *You neednt have telephonedneednt have telephoned him, for he had known the result. 你本不必打电话给他, 因为他已经知道结果。(1)It was an easy test and he _, but he didnt. 那个测试很容易, 他本来应该通过的, 但却没有。(2)As a native, you _to many extraordinary plac
29、es that we know little about. 作为本地人, 你一定去过一些我们知之甚少的非凡的地方。(3)You _of Chong Yang festival, but it is actually my favorite. 你或许从没听说过重阳节, 这是我最喜欢的节日。should have passedmust have beenmight have never heard(4)You _the ticket, for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days. 你本没必要订票的, 因为这几天动物园免费向
30、公众开放。neednt have booked. 过去将来时(The past future tense)1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would +动词原形”构成。*(2020浙江高考)Scared that the bear would return, Elli and I climbed into the helicopter. 害怕狗熊会返回, 爱丽和我爬进直升机里。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。*On Friday
31、our teacher told us that we were going to watch a crosstalk. 周五我们老师告诉我们, 我们将观看一场相声表演。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。*When we were about to leave, the children waved their hands and thanked us for our kindness. 我们正要离开的时候, 孩子们挥舞着双手, 感谢我们的好意。4. start, go, come, leave, s
32、ee, meet等动词的过去进行时, 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。*She was coming later. 她随后就来。*I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。5. was/were to do表示“曾计划做某事”; 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。*Last night my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our
33、class were to take at the weekend. 昨晚, 我和同学们热烈地讨论了我们班计划在周末进行的旅行。【即学活用】用所给动词的适当形式完成句子。(1)When I got to the spot, John _(leave) and told me, “He is fine, lets go on. ” (2)I wasnt sure whether he _(lend)me his book the next morning. (3)At that time he did not know that quitting the job _(become) the tu
34、rning point in his life. (4)He said he _(visit) China the next week. (5)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credit _(be) hard-earned. was leavingwas leavingwould lendwould lendwas to becomewas to becomewas going to visitwas going to visitwould bewould be. 选词填空1. Must I finish the task rig
35、ht now? No, you _. (dont have to/mustnt) 2. Its so near; we _ have taken a taxi. (shouldnt/cant)3. You _have spent so much time playing computer games. (mustnt/oughtnt to) 4. My suggestion is that if it rains tomorrow we _go to the library. (had better/ought to) 5. He _ have missed the train; he arr
36、ived at the train station two hours early. (cant/mustnt)dont have toshouldntoughtnt tohad bettercant6. You _go there alone; its too dangerous. (mustnt/neednt)7. She said that the meeting _the next day. (was to be hold /was about to be held) 8. We _have helped him; in that case, he would have been ab
37、le to finish the work. (should/can)9. He finished all the work by himself; in fact, he _have asked his friends for help. (need/could)10. This morning I thought I _have a talk with you tonight. (was going to /was about to ) mustnmustnt twas to be heldwas to be heldshouldshouldcouldcouldwas going towa
38、s going to. 完成句子1. We _, or well fail in the examination. 我们必须努力学习, 否则就不会通过考试。2. I know you have an important interview tomorrow. _! 我知道你明天有一场重要的面试。祝你成功! 3. I went to travel, but I _for the final exam. 我去旅游了, 但是我本应该为期末考试做准备的。4. She _the game, because she wears a bright smile on her face. 她一定赢了这场比赛,
39、因为她脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。must work hardmust work hardMay you succeedMay you succeedshould have preparedshould have preparedmust have won5. She was confident and was sure that she _at last. 她很自信, 相信自己最后会成功。6. I wanted to know when we _for the destination. 我想知道我们什么时候出发去目的地。would succeedwere going to/would set off
40、【语法主题应用】用适当的情态动词、动词的过去将来时介绍一下你的高考备考情况。1. 还有三个月就要高考了, 这让我压力很大。2. 因为晚上熬夜, 我竟然在课堂上睡着了。3. 以往考得不好的时候, 我的父母都会安慰我。4. 现在我能进行自我调节了。5. 我要遵守科学的作息规律。6. 祝我在高考中取得好成绩。_ _ The National College Entrance Examination will be in three months, whichmakes me under great pressure.makes me under great pressure.Because I stay up late at night, I should fall asleep in class. My parentswould comfort me when I didnt do well in the exam. Now I can adjust myself. .I shall observe scientific work and rest rules. May I gain good results in theNational College Entrance Examination.
