1、 Unit5 Working the LandWords and Expressions1. hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车 hybrid rice 杂交水稻杂交水稻2. devote vt.把献(给);把专用于;专心于devoted adj. 忠实的，深爱的devotion n. 奉献; 忠诚; 专心3. devote.to. 把用于;献身;致力;专心devote oneself/时间/精力等+ to +n./代/doing=be devoted to +n./代/doing 致力于; 专心于4. shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺energy/labor sho
2、rtage 能源/劳力短缺a shortage of 缺乏 short adj.短缺的;缺少的 be short of. 缺少. be short of money/funds/cash缺少经费in short supply 供应短缺15. tackle vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理 n.用具;装备; 阻挡solve vt. 解决; 处理; 解答 settle vt. 解决; 结束deal with. 处理; 解决 (与how连用)do with. 处理(与what连用)6. crisis n. (pl. crises) 危机;危急关头a political/financial c
3、risis 政治/金融危机an economic crisis 经济危机 in times of crisis 在危急关头7. boost vt. 使增长;使兴旺 n. 增长;提高;激励to boost exports/profits 增加出口；提高利润常用单数 a great/welcome boost 很大的/ 反应热烈的激励a boost in car sales 汽车销售额的增长8.yield n.产量;产出.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服;让步yield to sth./sb. 屈服.;让步.; 让路.yield sth./sb. (up) to sb. 向某人放弃.;
4、向某人缴出. a high crop yield 作物丰收 a reduction in milk yield 211. Yuan Longping, _(know) _ the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of Chinas most famous scientists. 2. However, _ concerned him most was _ farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even _(严重缺少) food _(eat) .3. Indeed, his slim but strong bo
5、dy is just _ that of millions of Chinese farmers, _ _ he has devoted his life. 3. The wounded are suffering because they are _(缺少) doctors .4. Instead, farmers needed to _(提高产量) in the fields they had. 5. _(为了解决这场危机) , he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural
6、 College in Chongqing.6. _(在危急关头) I know which friends I can turn to. had a serious shortage ofknownaswhatthatto eatliketowhomshort ofboost yieldsTo tackle this crisisIn times of crisis9. convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服convinced adj. 坚信; 深信; 确信convincing adj. 令人信服的; 有说服力的convincingly adv. 信服地，有说服力地;convince
7、sb/yourself of sth=be convinced of/that确信,相信convince sb to do. 说服某人做什么10. characteristic n.特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的 character n.性格; 人物;角色;字符11. attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到attain ones goal/purpose达到某人的目标/目的attain the age of.达到的年龄attain ones ambition实现某人的理想attain independence获得独立attainable adj. 可到达的;可得到的;可实现的u
8、nattainable adj.难以实现的attainment n. 达到;成就;才能; 达到3412. conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的conventionally adv. 按照惯例，照常套，照老例unconventional adj. 非传统的; 非常规的; 不依惯例的;convention n.习俗，惯例; （艺术等）传统风格13. pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉;给传授花粉flowers pollinated by bees/the wind 由蜜蜂 / 风传粉的花卉self-pollinating plants 自授粉的植物 pollination n.授
9、粉 U14. assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的);承担;(权利的)获得make an assumption 假设；认为on the assumption that. 假定的情况下assume vt.假定；设想；承担 assume that.假设 It is assumed that.人们认为assume office 就职 assume responsibility 承担责任assume an air/expression of.装出的样子/表情assuming that.假定(作连词用，相当于 if)1. Yuan _(convince) _ the answer could
10、 be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 2. It took many hours _(convince) the court _ his guilt.3. The two groups of children have quite different _ (characteristic) . 4. This kind of pineapple has its own _ (characteristic) smell. 5. One _ (characteristic) of hybrids is that they usually _ (attai
11、n) a higher yield than _(convention) crops.6. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of _(自授粉的植物) such as rice was a matter of great debate. 7. Many of the insects are needed _ (pollinate) the local plants. 8. We are working _(假定的情况下) the rate of inflation will not increase next year.
12、9. _(假定) it rains, what should we do?2was convincedthatto convince ofcharacteristicscharacteristiccharacteristic attainconventionalself-pollinating plantsto pollinate on the assumption thatAssuming that15. intense adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的intense heat/pain 酷热/剧痛intensely adv.强烈地; 极度; 剧烈地16. overcome vt.( o
13、vercame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜17. expand vt.vi.扩大;增加vt.扩展;发展(业务) expand the local airport扩建地方机场 expansion n.扩张;扩展;扩大;膨胀18. output n. 产量;输出;输出量 vt. ( outputting -output)输出 input n. 输入; 投入 vt. 输入 (inputting - inputted/input)data output 数据输出 output data 输出数据19. estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算It is estimated th
14、at.据估计 be estimated to do.估计overestimate vt.对估计过高 underestimate vt.低估;看轻a conservative estimate保守估计 at a rough estimate粗略估计an accurate estimate准确的估计 an official estimate官方估计5620. domestic adj. 本国的;国内的;家用/庭的 n. 家佣;家政工domestic affairs/politics国内事务 / 政治domestic appliances 家用器具 domestic service 家政服务dome
15、stically adv. 家庭式地，合乎国内地21.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费energy/fuel consumption能源消耗 popular consumption 大众消费 consume vt. 消费 consumer n. 消费者time-consuming adj.耗时的 consumer society 消费社会prise vt包括;包含;由组成表示“由组成”的词组有:consist of./be comprised of./be made up of.23.be comprised of. 包括;包含;由组成(或构成)1. Through _(inte
16、nse) effort, Yuan _ (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice _ could be used for farming in 1974.2. She disliked him _(intense) .3. There are no plans _(expand) the local airport.4. This hybrid enabled farmers _(expand) their output greatly.5. What we want is to op
17、en up _ (domestic) and _(international). 6. All machines _(comprise)_ the same components. 7. _(consume ) are increasingly interested in the exotic tastes. intenseovercamethatintenselyto expandto expanddomesticallyinternationallyare comprised ofConsumers24. generate vt.产生;引起generate electricity/ inc
18、ome/profit 发电/产生收益 / 利润generator n. 发电机; 电力公司; 生产者;创始者general n.将军;上将 adj.大慨的;全体的;普遍的generation n. 产生，一代25. strain n. (动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力 under strain/pressure 在压力下put a strain on. 给某人增加压力/负担26.leisure n . 闲暇; 休闲; 空闲leisure shoes/clothes 便鞋/便服at leisure 闲散; 悠闲; 不慌不忙; 从容at ones leisure 有空时; 空闲时; 方便时in
19、ones spare/free time 在的空闲时间里Given that考虑到(原因状语从句的引导词，类似的有seeing that, now that, in that, considering that )7827. deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上= as a matter of fact / in fact/in effect 28. soil n.泥士;土壤;国土;领土a man of the soil 一个土生土长的人territory n. 领土; 版图; 领地ground n. 土壤; 土地; 地; 地面(室外的)land n. 农田; 陆地; 大地; 国土;
20、 国家earth n.土壤; 泥土; 大地; 陆地; 地面; 地球29. celebrity n.名望;名誉;名人;名流 (pl.) celebritiescare little for celebrity or money不太在乎名利TV celebrities 电视名人30. envision vt.展望.;想象.envision/imagine (doing) sth 想象(做). envision/imagine sb as.把.想象成.envision an equal society 向往一个平等社会1. Today,it _(estimate) _ about 60 percen
21、t of domestic rice _(consume) in China _ (comprise ) _ crops _(generate) from Yuans hybrid strains,and his _(strain) have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.2. We need someone _(generate) new ideas.3. _(give) _Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one mig
22、ht think he would retire to a life of leisure.4. _(实际上) , Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. 5. _(作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利). 4is estimated thatconsumptionis comprisedofgeneratedstrainsto generateGiventhat Deep downAs a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money.31. sorghum n. 高梁;高梁米 /
23、U/ grow sorghum 种高粱The main crops are wheat, sorghum and beans . 主要农作物有小麦 、高粱和 豆类.32. broom n. 扫把;扫帚/C/; 金雀花/U/a new broom (BrE) 新就职者；（尤指）刚上任的新官A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。33. grain n. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒a grain of wheat/rice/sand 一粒小麦/大米/沙子each grain of rice as huge as a peanut 每粒稻谷大如花生a bag of grain 一袋
24、谷物34. vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像be full of vision富有远见 have a vision for. 对.有一个愿景have good/perfect/poor/ normal vision 视力好/极好/差/正常visionary adj. 空想/幻想的; 预言性的 n. 空想/预言家 visional adj. 梦幻般的 visionally adv. 虚幻地，梦幻般地935. reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实become a reality 成为现实 in reality 事实上real adj. 真的，真实的 really adv. 真正地
25、36. salty adj 含盐的; 咸的; 辛辣的salty food 咸的食物salt n. 盐 vt.撒盐; 用盐渍; 加盐以调味; 为增加趣味salted adj. 盐腌的; 盐味的; 有经验的salty land in China 中国的盐碱地a packet of salted peanuts 一袋咸花生37. urban adj 城市的;都市的;城镇的an urban farm一个城市农场rural adj. 乡村的; 农村的 38. bomb n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸;对投炸弹a time bomb 定时炸弹 set off a bomb 引爆炸弹go off = explode
26、 = blow up 爆炸101. Long ago, he _(envision) rice plants _ tall as _(sorghum ) , with each ear of rice as big as _ broom, and _( 每粒稻谷大如花生) .2. _ his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and _(富有远见) , and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.3. His latest vision _ “sea
27、water rice” has also become _ _(real) , and _(potential) opened up nearly one million square kilometres of _ (中国的盐碱地) for rice production.4. A vast underground shelter built during World War II has been turned into _(一个城市农场) , _(supply) supermarkets and restaurants in London. 5envisionedassorghuma e
28、ach grain of rice as huge as a peanutDespitefull of visionfora realitypotentiallysalty land in Chinaan urban farmsupplying39. tunnel n. 地下通道;地道;隧道drive a tunnel 开凿隧道 the Channel Tunnel 英吉利海峡隧道40. extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机an extension of the London Underground伦敦地铁的延伸部分extend v. 伸长; 扩大;扩展;延长extend the
29、 deadline a few days 宽限几天41. chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品chemical fertilisers 化肥without artificial chemicals 未使用人工化学制剂chemically adv. 化学地; 化学上地; 用化学; 以化学方法chemistry n. 化学 chemist n. 化学家; 药剂师42. wheat n. 小麦;小麦籽wheat flour 小麦制的面粉 these wheat farmers 这些小麦种植户1143. flavor n. 味道;特点;特色 vt. 给调味; 加味于t
30、he flavor of chocolate巧克力的味道flavor the butter 给黄油调味44. fertilizer n. 肥料chemical fertilisers 化肥fertilize vt. 使肥沃; 使受孕; 施肥fertilize the soil 肥田45. nutritional adj.营养(物)的the lower nutritional value 营养价值较低46. nutritious adj 有营养的;营养丰富的choose nutritious foods 选择营养价值高的食物47. nutrition n.营养;滋养be rich in nutr
31、ition 富有营养121. The shelter, _ could protect up _ 8,000 people from wartime _(bomb) , is comprised of two large _ (tunnel) _ were intended to one day become an _ (extend) of the London Underground. 2. What worries many people is that these _ (chemical) may even cause cancer. 3. When _( 这些小麦种植户) will
32、join this pilot experiment _(remain) an unanswered question. 4. However, what she is unhappy about is _ (营养价值较低) and _(reduce) flavour. 5. As for _(化肥), crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich _ _ (nutritional) .6these wheat farmerswhichtobombstunnelsthatextensionchemicals remainsthe
33、lower nutritional valuereducedchemical fertilisersin nutrition48. alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解alleviate world hunger减轻世界饥饿alleviation n. 减轻，缓解; 镇痛物 poverty alleviation 扶贫工作49. poverty n. 贫穷;贫困live in poverty 生活在贫困中a poverty of ideas 思想贫乏50. organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的; 器官的organic vegetables/ arming 有机蔬菜/种植
34、organic disease 器官疾病organically adv.器官上地，有机地organically grown fruit 用有机方式种植的水果51. pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 化学农药和人工肥料131452. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的in widespread use in farming 在农业中广泛的应用enjoy widespread respect. 受到广泛尊重53. bacterium n.细菌 （pl. bacteria） ki
35、ll harmful bacteria and insects 杀死有害的细菌和昆虫54. in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流in return for 作为.的回报it is ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事take turns to do sth 轮流做某事take a turn for the worse/better出现不好/好的变化55. digest vt.vi.消化vt. 领会;领悟 n. 摘要;文摘digestion n消化 digestive adj.消化的；易消化的a digestive biscuit 易消化的饼干1. What is the F
36、AO doing _(alleviate ) world hunger? 2. _(化学农药和人工肥料) have been _( 在农业中广泛的应用) since the middle of the 20th century.3. For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only _(有害的细菌和昆虫) , _ also helpful ones.4. This affects the crops grown on the land _ , _(相应地),the animals and humans who _(d
37、igest) them.7to alleviateChemical pesticides and artificial fertilisersin widespread use in farmingharmful bacteria and insectsbutand in turndigest56. essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的be essential to/for sth/essential to do sth /essential that Money is not essential to happiness.金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。57. mineral n.
38、 矿物;矿物质essential minerals 必需的矿物质mineral water n. 矿泉水; 一杯（或一瓶）矿泉水a glass of mineral water 一杯矿泉水58. alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的;非传统的have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择,只好an alternative method of doing sth 做某事的其他方法an alternative solution别的解决办法alternative energy 替代能源alternative lifestyles/values
39、非传统生活方式/价值观alternative用作名词时与choice意义相近1559. grocery n. 食品杂货店;pl. groceries 食品杂货at the local grocery 在当地杂货店the grocery bill 食品杂货账单60. instance n. 例子;实例;事例in the first instance/place 第一; 首先61. for instance例如;比如for example 例如; 比如such as 例如; 比如62. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)at a depth of. 在的深处deep adj. 深的;
40、纵深的 adv. 深深地deep into the night直到深夜 be deep in thought陷入深思deeply adv. 非常; 深深地 deepen vt. (使)变深; 加深161763. root n. 根;根茎;根部;根源 vt.（使）生根; 翻寻the root of all evil 万恶之源root about/around for sth /root through sth for sth 寻找rooted adj. 根源于be rooted in sth 根源在于.；由产生64. entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地completely adv
41、. 完全地; 彻底地entire adj. 全部的; 整个的; 完全的65. aspect n. 方面;层面from every aspect从各个角度in this/that aspect 在这/那方面66. Vietnam 越南(国家名) 67. LED (light-emitting diode) abbr. 发光二极管68. DDT n. 滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂) some pesticides like DDT 一些杀虫剂如DDT1. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more
42、 water than _(必需的矿物质) , and they often have less flavour _ well. 2. As _ alternative,some farmers have switched _ organic farming,and many customers have turned _ organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 3. _ instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, _ then grow beans there
43、 the next.4. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops _ use different _(deep) of soil to help keep it rich. 5. For example, peanuts grow on the grounds surface, _ many other vegetables put down deep _(root) .6. She put all the _(grocery) on the table.7. In fact, some _(pesticide) _ DDT have been pro
44、hibited in most countries because of the damage they cause _ people and the environment.8essential mineralsasantotoForandthatdepthsbutrootsgroceriespesticideslike to1 To deal with this crisis, he chose to study agriculture. 2 He is a very good actor and he commits himself to every role that he takes
45、 on. 3 Yuan Longping strongly believed that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 4 Yuan Longping, through intense effort, solved enormous difficulties and developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming. 5 This hybrid enabled farmers to increase their output great
46、ly. 6 Students are encouraged to try a variety of free-time activities to reduce the intense stress from studying.tackledevoteswas (strongly) convincedovercameexpandleisureP52 1. Replace the underlined words with the correct forms of the words from the text.1. The _ of a person are the special quali
47、ties that make him or her different from others.2. Scientists from different countries have been pursuing various possibilities to overcome food _.3. Many of us _ that earthquakes would never happen in our area.4. With more and more farm machines being used in the fields, the _of fuel has been incre
48、asing.5. Newspapers should pay less attention to media _ and more attention to our national heroes.6. Our general manager tried his best to help overcome the difficulties we were facing during the financial _. characterisitcsshortageassessedP52 2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the
49、 words from the text. Then use these words to make your own sentences.consumptioncelebritiescrisis7. My mother is very _ and finds it hard to accept the modern lifestyle that I enjoy.8. The government has decided to boost the programme to _ more new jobs.conventionalgenerateP52 3. Complete the news
50、report below with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box.A vast underground shelter built during World War II has been turned into a urban farm, supplying supermarkets and restaurants in London. The shelter, which could proect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs, _ two large tunnels
