1、GrammarGrammarthe Subjunctive Mood虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说表示说话人的所说的话的话不是事实不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等一种假设、猜测、怀疑等( (在在条件条件从句从句中或中或让步状语从句让步状语从句中中) )；一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等令、建议等 ( (在在宾语从句、表语从宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句句、同
2、位语从句) )。Eg : We met in this room . 陈述语气陈述语气 Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使语气祈使语气If I were you , I would study hard . 虚拟语气虚拟语气一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法.条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与是与事实相符的。事实相符的。非真实条件句非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，发生或实现的
3、， 与事实相反的情况。与事实相反的情况。If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America. 动词形式动词形式时间时间从句从句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反动词过去式（动词过去式（be的的过去式一般用过去式一般用were）would should + 动词原形动词原形could might 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反had +过去分词过去分词would should have+过去分词过去分词could might与将来事实与将来事实可能相反可能相
4、反动词过去式动词过去式/should +动词原形动词原形were to动词原动词原形形would should +动词原形动词原形could mightI would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa. I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,现在事实相反现在事实相反If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .had hadwould have gone过去事实相反过去事实相反If he_ more carefully
5、, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had Mark: 100 I _ a party for you . should get If you_gotWere to get a full mark next time,将来时相反将来时相反would hold If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.If it rained tomorrow,
6、 they wouldnt go for an outing.现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。与现在事实相反If I were you, I would go at once.
7、与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反PRACTICE 1PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (happen) to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask
8、) for teachers help.werewould takebrokewould happenwere notcould bewerewould askPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in theexam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier,you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ _ (go) to the concert to
9、gether.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughthad metwould have gonePRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksa. If there (be) no natural resource any more,we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you_(get up) too late tomorrow?should bewould makewould happen should get up注意1.省略省略 if 的条
10、件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有 were, had 或或 should 时，可省略时，可省略if ，而把它们放在而把它们放在句首句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行行全部倒装或部分倒装全部倒装或部分倒装。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experim
11、entHad he worked harder, he would have passed the final examinations. 2 由由介词介词或或介词介词短语暗示的虚拟结构短语暗示的虚拟结构常见的介词或介词短语有常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有没有) , but for(要不是要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today .= If there were no electricity , Without his advice ,I couldnt have done i
12、t all by myself . = If it hadnt been for his advice , But for your help , I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadnt been for your help ,But for the meeting ,I would have gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadnt been for the meeting ,1. Without sunlight , or water or a
13、ir , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C should be D must be 2 But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B should have arrived C arrive D arrived 二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中1.Wish 的宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来未来：过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时过去完成时would/could/might+V. 1.I wish I were a bird2.I wish I hadnt mad
14、e such a mistake3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. 用于宾语从句用于宾语从句I wish从句结构从句结构Example与现在事实相反与现在事实相反一般过去式一般过去式I wish it were autumn now.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反过去完成式过去完成式He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反would+V.原形原形I wish you would come soon.I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I
15、became as famous as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.1.Practice 1 He is not a pilot, but he wishes he_ (be).2.I wish I _(meet) hi
16、m yesterday.3.I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow.4.A: You have made some mistakes. B: I wish I _mistakes every day.A.dont make B. havent made C. wouldnt have made D. didnt make 2.I wish they _ in this ball game . A would be succeeded B would be successful C had been success D had been successful 3. He wi
17、shed he _ more about the subject , so he could talk about it . A had known B knew C would know D knows 4. How I wish I _ a doctor , and _ the dying girl . A am , can save B was , saved C were , could save D will be , will save 5. -What shall we do next ? -I wish that Bill _ here . If he _ here , he
18、would tell us what to do . A has been , has been B would be , would be C were , were D is , is 6 .How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden !A has B had C will have D had had 7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D will v
19、isit 2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词在表示建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的宾语从句中：后的宾语从句中： “(should) +动词原形动词原形”e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.(一个坚持一个坚持insist ，两个命令，两个命令order, command ，三个建议，三个建议advise, suggest, pr
20、opose四个要求四个要求demand , require, request, desire)注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用从句中的动词也是用“(should) + 动词原形动词原形”Practice : 1. I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible . A should sent to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to 2 The workers in the factory d
21、emanded that their pay _ be 20 percent . A be raised B would be raised C raised D raise 3 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules . A obeys B obey C will obey D would obey 4. Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill , and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination . A be
22、 , should have B was , have C should be , had D was , has 5. - Do you know where he comes from ?-No , but his accent suggests that he _ from the south . A was B should be C is D were 注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”坚持认为坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述之意时，应用陈述语气。语气。Eg : The smile on his face suggested
23、 that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 三用语表语从句和同位语从句三用语表语从句和同位语从句在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /demand 等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略Eg : My suggestion that we (should) have a meetin
24、g has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. 考题点击：考题点击：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off C. sh
25、ould put off D. is to put off His recommendation was that an experienced sales manager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be sent3. Would rather that宁愿宁愿现在：过去：未来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gon
26、e, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 过去时过去时过去完成时 would prefer , 表示一种表示一种希望希望和和委婉委婉的责备。的责备。Eg : I would prefer he didnt stay there too long next week . 我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。四四 .用于主语从句中用于主语从句中 1.It is necessaryimportant strangenatural impossible / surprising + that 从句。从句。从句从句中的
27、中的谓语动词谓语动词用用should+动词动词原原形形，should 可以可以省略省略。Eg :It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she （should ）refuse to come to the party. 2. It is suggesteddesired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded
28、 that从句从句从句从句中的中的谓语动词谓语动词用用should+动词动词原原形形，should 可以可以省略省略Eg : It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.3. It is a pitya shameno wonder + that 从句从句从句从句中的中的谓语动词谓语动词用用should+动词动词原原形形，should 可以省略可以省略省略省略 eg : It is a pity that he should
29、be so careless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心真可惜他竟然如此粗心考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told五、虚拟语气在其他从句中五、虚拟语气在其他从句中1.It is (high / about ) time that“到做到做-的时间了的时间了.”注意注意:s
30、hould不能省略不能省略过去时should +V原.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 2.If only 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句“要是该有多好啊要是该有多好啊”用法与用法与wish 相同相同Eg : If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday! “好象好象”3. as if /though + Clause 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反用过去式用过去式与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反与将
31、来事实相反 过去完成式过去完成式Would / could / might +动词原形动词原形1) as if /as though连接表语从句连接表语从句 He talks as if he knew where she was . He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2) as if / as though连接状语从连接状语从 句句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.He speaks to us as if he had been there. 注意：如果表示的事情注意
32、：如果表示的事情可能会发生可能会发生，那，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气陈述语气。Eg : It looks as if you are tired.4.在在In case, for fear that 和和lest “万一；惟恐万一；惟恐;以免以免”引导的状语引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用从句中，谓语动词多用 should+动词原形动词原形 should 可省略可省略.Eg : I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with.In case I should fail,
33、I would try againI will not read aloud the book lest I should disturb you .5.在带有在带有even if/ even though “即使即使”引导的让步状语从句中引导的让步状语从句中,动词形式与含有动词形式与含有非真实的非真实的条件句的虚拟语气相同条件句的虚拟语气相同.Eg. Even if Lin Tao _(be) here, I should say the same thing.Even though he _(be) ill, he would have gone to his office.werehad
34、 been2 2 错综条件虚拟语气错综条件虚拟语气条件条件从句谓语从句谓语动词发生的动词发生的时间时间与主句所假设的与主句所假设的谓语动词谓语动词不一致不一致, ,谓语动词形式应做适当调整。谓语动词形式应做适当调整。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.1. 判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2. 判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3. 判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间
