1、Passive VoicePassive Voice 被动语态被动语态羊祜学校孟琪1 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如： They will build a new bridge over the river. They will build a new bridge over the river. ( (主动主动) ) A new bridge will be built over the river. ( A
2、new bridge will be built over the river. (被被动动) ) 汉语中常用汉语中常用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：等词用来表示被动，而英语用：构成。构成。 be + be + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词2一一. . 何时使用被动语态何时使用被动语态 1. 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 Paper is made from wood. Paper is made from wood. He was wounded in the fight. He was wounded i
3、n the fight. 2. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时需要强调动作的承受者时 Books and newspapers in the reading room Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. mustnt be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 33 3. .为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而
4、使用被动语用被动语 态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 The construction of the new lab must be The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines. 4Disc
5、usion: the active voice Discusion: the active voice 主动语态主动语态 & & the passive voicethe passive voice被动语态被动语态1.1. 什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？2.2. 主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？3. 3. 主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？要变？怎么变？ 语态动词 时态 结构 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 一般过去时 5什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？什么时候用主动语
6、态或被动语态？主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态We study English at school.We study English at school.English is studied by us at school.English is studied by us at school.我们用木头做家具。我们用木头做家具。 那只老鼠被猫抓住了那只老鼠被猫抓住了 相机是用来照相的。相机是用来照相的。 Discusion 1: the active voice Discusion 1: the activ
7、e voice 主动语态主动语态 & & the passive voicethe passive voice被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态6 语态动词 时态 结构 the active voicethe passive voice一般现在时 一般过去时 am is + p.p. are was + p.p. were v v+ s esp.t.p.t.Discusion 2: the active voice Discusion 2: the active voice 主动语态主动语态 & & the passive voicethe passive voi
8、ce被动语态被动语态71.1. We call the doctor.We call the doctor.2.2. People dont play football here.People dont play football here.3.3. The truck was cleaned yesterday.The truck was cleaned yesterday.Decide if these sentences are active or Decide if these sentences are active or passive.passive.4.4. Mr Chen t
9、eaches us English.Mr Chen teaches us English.5.5. The classroom was cleaned.The classroom was cleaned.activactive eactivactive epassivpassive eactivactive epassivpassive e8Exercise Exercise ：1.The key _for locking the classroom door. A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use2.A new school _over there two y
10、ears ago. A. built B. was built C. build D. builds3.The lost child _ on October 7,1998. A.was found B. is found C. found D. find4.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall yesterday. A.is given B.give C.was given D. gave B BB BA AC C9by many by many students.students.1.Many students 1.Many studen
11、ts studystudy EnglishEnglish. .EnglishEnglish is studiedis studied2.They 2.They make make shoesshoes in that factory. in that factory.ShoesShoes are madeare madeby themby them in that factory.in that factory.10by the teacher.by the teacher.HeHe is askedis askedquestionsquestions111. 1. 主动语态中的宾语转换为被动
12、语态中的主语主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态中的主语2. 2. 主动语态中的动词改为被动形式，即主动语态中的动词改为被动形式，即be+be+过去分词过去分词3.3. 主动语态中的主语如果需要放在主动语态中的主语如果需要放在byby后面后面4. 4. 其他成分其他成分 保持不变保持不变 主动变被动解题步骤主动变被动解题步骤12 They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing
13、.Football Football is played byis played by them on Sunday them on Sunday. .The homework The homework is done byis done by Lucy in the evening. Lucy in the evening.Computers Computers are often used byare often used by them in class. them in class.These machines These machines are made are made in B
14、eijing.in Beijing.131.1.TheyThey make make shoesshoes in that in that factory.factory.主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语Shoes Shoes are madeare made (by them) in (by them) in that factory.that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +am/is /are +过去分词过去分词142. 2. TheyThey boughtbought ten computersten computers
15、 last termlast term Ten computersTen computers were boughtwere bought ( (by by themthem) last term.) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +S+was/were +过去分词过去分词153 3Amy Amy can take good care ofcan take good care of GinaGina GinaGina can be taken good care can be taken good care ofof by by Amy.Amy.情态动词：情
16、态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去过去分词分词164.4.TheyThey will will finishfinish the workthe work in ten in ten days.days.The workThe work will be finishedwill be finished ( (by by themthem) )in ten days.in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词175.5.Some worker
17、sSome workers are paintingare painting the the roomsrooms now nowThe roomsThe rooms are being paintedare being painted by by some workerssome workers now. now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分词186 6WeWe have madehave made twenty more twenty more keyskeysTwenty more key
18、sTwenty more keys have been madehave been made by usby us. .现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词197 7I I was doingwas doing my homeworkmy homework at at 8:00 last night8:00 last night My homeworkMy homework was being donewas being done ( (by by meme) at 8:00 last night.) at 8:
19、00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+S+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词201.1.They play basketball in their school.(They play basketball in their school.(改为被动改为被动语态语态) ) Basketball_ _in their school by Basketball_ _in their school by them.them.is is playedplayed2. The naughty boy broke the window.2.
20、The naughty boy broke the window. The window _ _ by the naughty boy. The window _ _ by the naughty boy.3. People speak English all over the world.3. People speak English all over the world. English _ _ by people all over the English _ _ by people all over the world.world.Exercise Exercise ：was was b
21、rokenbrokenis is spokenspoken21Exercise Exercise ：translate the following translate the following sentencessentences1.1. 这些照片是上星期拍的这些照片是上星期拍的 。2.2. 这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。3.3. 史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。4.4. 长江也叫扬子江。长江也叫扬子江。These photosThese photos were takenwere taken last week.last week.This bookThis
22、book was writtenwas written by Lu Xun.by Lu Xun.The SmithsThe Smiths were invitedwere invited to the party.to the party.The Changjiang RiverThe Changjiang River is is alsoalso calledcalled theYangteze theYangteze RiverRiver. .22SummarySummary：1.1. 什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？2.2. 主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样
23、的？主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？3. 3. 主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？分要变？怎么变？ 语态动词 时态 结构 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 一般过去时 23被动语态被动语态: : 我们知道我们知道, , 被动语态是由被动语态是由be + be + done(done(动词的过去分词动词的过去分词) )构成的构成的被动语态构成比较被动语态构成比较一般现在时 主 + am / is / are + done 一般过去时主 + was / were + done 含情态动词主 + 情态动词 + be done一般将来时主 + w
24、ill be + done 现在完成时主 + have/has been + done 过去完成时主 +had been + done 现在进行时主 +am/is/are being + done 过去进行时主 + was/were being + done 过去将来时主 + would be + done 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 241.I washed my clothes once a day.1.I washed my clothes once a day. My clothes was washed (by me) once My clothes
25、 was washed (by me) once a day.a day.I was washed my clothes once a I was washed my clothes once a day.day.X X 2.They took Jim to the hospital.2.They took Jim to the hospital. 3.Tom closed the shop just now.3.Tom closed the shop just now.They was took Jim to the hospital.They was took Jim to the hos
26、pital.Jim was taken to the hospital by Jim was taken to the hospital by them.them.The shop closed Tom just The shop closed Tom just now.now.The shop was closed (by Tom) just The shop was closed (by Tom) just now.now.X XX X 252 2 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 （1 1） 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。 They
27、call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. （2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, 2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. H notice. H 既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不 加加to,to,变为被动变为被动, ,必须加必须加to . to . My brother often made me do this and thatM
28、y brother often made me do this and that when I was young. when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by myI was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young. brother when I young. 26I heard her move about in her room upstairsI heard her move about in her room upstairslast n
29、ight. last night. She was heard to move about in her roomShe was heard to move about in her roomuptairs last night. uptairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?
30、3. 3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+V+be+ p.p. p.p.构成构成 They can not find him. They can not find him. He can not be found.He can not be found. You must pay me for this. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. I must be paid for this. 274. 4. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义有些动词用主动形式表被动含义. . The goods se
31、lls well. The door cant open.The goods sells well. The door cant open. 5.5.有些词如有些词如want,need,requirewant,need,require和和 be worthbe worth后面后面 v-ingv-ing形式形式 为主动，意义为被动。为主动，意义为被动。 The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading.The book is worth
32、reading. 6.6.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使 用形式替代用形式替代 词词it. it. We know that Britain is an island country. We know that Britain is an island country. Its known that Britain is an island country. Its known that Britain is an island country. 287. 7. 据说类动词：据说类动词： say, consider, think, report, kn
33、owsay, consider, think, report, know, believe, believe,suggest, understand, hope, etc. suggest, understand, hope, etc. 如：如：It is said that It is said that There is said to be There is said to be Sth./Sb. is said to Sth./Sb. is said to 298.8.主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 感官动词：感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,sound,
34、taste,smell,fell,look,seemseem等等主语是物主语是物时；时； 一些一些vi vi主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell,clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. weigh, drink, pay,
35、draw, etc. 30不定式不定式to blame,to letto blame,to let（出租）作表语时，（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义 You are to blame. You are to blame. The house is to let.The house is to let.表（表（sthsth）需要的）需要的need ,want, requireneed ,want, require等后的动名词用等后的动名词用 主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义 The house needs /wants/require repairingThe house needs /wants/require repairing31be worthbe worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义后的动名词主动形式表被动含义 The book is worth reading.The book is worth reading.3233
