1、观察英汉的差异l1.墙上的画 l l2.一个擅长英语的男孩 l3.那个正在做作业的女孩 l (前置定语）（后置定语）(前置定语）(前置定语）（后置定语）（后置定语）the pictures on the wallla boy good at English the girl doing her homework英汉定语位置的差异：l 汉语的定语习惯放在被修饰语的前面，也就是前置定语，但在英语中，既有前置定语又有后置定语，其中后置定语是较为复杂的也是常给中国学生带来理解和表达障碍的一种定语表现形式。若短语（常见的是形容词短语，介词短语或非谓语动词）或从句作定语时常位于被修饰语的后面。练习：找出下
2、面句子中的后置定语l1. People there like dancing.l2. English is one of the official languages used in India.l3. They are taking care of the crop on the farm.英汉定语句式调整英汉定语句式调整 l英语和汉语的语序是有差别的，汉语的定英语和汉语的语序是有差别的，汉语的定语都是位于被修饰语的前面，英语不仅有语都是位于被修饰语的前面，英语不仅有前置定语，更多更复杂的是它的后置定语。前置定语，更多更复杂的是它的后置定语。定语从句属于后置定语。定语从句属于后置定语。l对汉
3、语的调整可以帮助写出含有定语从句对汉语的调整可以帮助写出含有定语从句的句子。的句子。 l1.图片中的玫瑰图片中的玫瑰 ( (前置定语）前置定语） l调整为后置定语调整为后置定语l The rosesThe roses inin the picture the picture （后置定语）（后置定语）l扩展成句子：扩展成句子：l我喜欢图片中的玫瑰我喜欢图片中的玫瑰 ( (前置定语）前置定语） l调整为后置定语调整为后置定语l I like the rosesI like the roses inin the picture.the picture.（后置定语）（后置定语） 玫瑰在图片中的玫瑰在图
4、片中的我喜欢玫瑰在图片中的我喜欢玫瑰在图片中的l2.一个怕黑的孩子一个怕黑的孩子 l 孩子怕黑的孩子怕黑的la child afraid of darknessa child afraid of darknessl扩展成句子：扩展成句子：l他是个怕黑的孩子。他是个怕黑的孩子。l他是个孩子怕黑的他是个孩子怕黑的. .lHe is a child afraid of darkness.He is a child afraid of darkness.l3.那个正在弹钢琴的女孩那个正在弹钢琴的女孩 l 那个女孩正在弹钢琴的那个女孩正在弹钢琴的l The girl playing the pianoT
5、he girl playing the pianol扩展成句子：扩展成句子：l那个正在弹钢琴的女孩是我同学。那个正在弹钢琴的女孩是我同学。l那个女孩正在弹钢琴的是我同学。那个女孩正在弹钢琴的是我同学。l The girl playing the piano is my The girl playing the piano is my classmate.classmate. 先找出下面句子的定语和中心词，调整后翻译成英语先找出下面句子的定语和中心词，调整后翻译成英语 ：l 1.1.地板上的钥匙地板上的钥匙是我的。是我的。l 2.2.他是他是教我数学的老师教我数学的老师。调整为：调整为：l 1.
6、1.钥匙在地板上是我的。钥匙在地板上是我的。l 2.2.他是我的老师教我数学。他是我的老师教我数学。翻译：翻译：l 1.The key on the floor is mine1.The key on the floor is minel 2.He is my teacher teaching me maths./2.He is my teacher teaching me maths./ He is my teacher who teaches me maths. He is my teacher who teaches me maths.定语从句的来源定语从句的来源l 定语从句的来源为初中
7、阶段所学的定语从句的来源为初中阶段所学的adj.adj.或或adj.adj.短语，短语，介词短语，副词或副词短语，非谓语动词短语所作的介词短语，副词或副词短语，非谓语动词短语所作的作后置定语的还原形式。作后置定语的还原形式。l 在其前面加上相应的关系代词和在其前面加上相应的关系代词和bebe动词就成定语从句。动词就成定语从句。l 定语从句修饰的对象在英语中叫先行词，引导定语从定语从句修饰的对象在英语中叫先行词，引导定语从句的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。句的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。l 关系代词关系代词 1.1.指人指人:who whom 2.:who whom 2.指物指物: : which
8、 which l 3. 3. 既指人又指物既指人又指物 that whosethat whose（表示所属关系）（表示所属关系）as.as. 关系代词关系代词+ be + + be + 后置定语短语后置定语短语定语从句定语从句l1. the roses in the picture l the roses which is in the picture l2. a child afraid of darknessl a child who is afraid of darknessl3. the girl playing the piano l the girl who is playing
9、the pianol练习：把下面句子中的后置定语改成定语从句。把下面句子中的后置定语改成定语从句。l1. They are enjoying the pictures on the wall. l2. He is a boy good at English.l3. Nobody knows the boy playing football.l答案:l1. They are enjoying the pictures which are on the wall. l2. He is a boy who is good at English.l3. Nobody knows the boy who
10、 is playing football.l关系代词与关系副词巧判断关系代词与关系副词巧判断l 关系代词关系代词 1.1.指人指人:who whom 2.:who whom 2.指物指物: : which which l 3. 3. 既指人又指物既指人又指物 that whosethat whose（表示所属关系）（表示所属关系）as.as.l 关系代词具有代词的语法功能，即作主语，宾语，表语。关系代词具有代词的语法功能，即作主语，宾语，表语。常代替先行词在从句中的位置，但要放在从句的前面。常代替先行词在从句中的位置，但要放在从句的前面。l 关系副词有关系副词有whenwhen， wherew
11、here， why, that(why, that(表示方式，常表示方式，常省略）。省略）。l 关系副词具有副词的语法功能，关系副词具有副词的语法功能， 即作状语。常代替先即作状语。常代替先行词在从句中的位置，但要放在从句的前面。行词在从句中的位置，但要放在从句的前面。l例如：例如：l1.This is the hospital that his daughter 1.This is the hospital that his daughter visited yesterday.visited yesterday.l2.This is the hospital where his daugh
12、ter 2.This is the hospital where his daughter works.works.l3.This is the hospital that his daughter 3.This is the hospital that his daughter works in.works in.关系代词与关系副词巧判断关系代词与关系副词巧判断方法：把空格去掉如先行词和从句组成完整的句把空格去掉如先行词和从句组成完整的句子就用关系代词，否则就用关系副词子就用关系代词，否则就用关系副词。例如：例如：l1.This is the mountain village 1.This
13、is the mountain village I visited last year. I visited last year. l2.This is the mountain village 2.This is the mountain village I lived last year.I lived last year.l注意：当定语从句中有主语时，先行词要注意：当定语从句中有主语时，先行词要么放在动词后要么放在介词后。么放在动词后要么放在介词后。关代关代关副关副which/that/-which/that/-wherewhereThis is the factory _ This i
14、s the factory _ makes makes shoesshoes. .This is the factory _ his father This is the factory _ his father works.works.This is the factory _ we This is the factory _ we visitedvisitedyesterday.yesterday.Please tell me the reason _you Please tell me the reason _you are late.are late.He has told me th
15、e reason_canHe has told me the reason_canexplain his absence(explain his absence(缺席缺席) from the ) from the meeting. meeting. The reason _he told us The reason _he told us waswasnot true. not true. which/thawhich/that twherewherewhich/that/which/that/-whywhywhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/that/-which/that/
16、- - THANK YOUSUCCESS2022-5-21可编辑Thank you!并列句到定语从句的转变l前提条件，两个句中都含有相同的一部分。l若是并列句或两个句子都含有相同的部分时，后面的句子所含的人称代词或副词指的是前面提到那一部分，常常可以把它们改写成定语从句。l1.）若两个句子都含有相同的部分时，后面的句子所含的人称代词指的是前面提到的人或者物时，常常可以把它们改写成定语从句。l公式即 and + and + 人称代词人称代词 关系代词关系代词l常见的代指人或物的关系代词有常见的代指人或物的关系代词有 who whom who whom that(that(人或物人或物) whic
17、h) whichl例如:The number of the people reached more than 400 000and they were killed or injured.l 寻找共同点 运用公式lThe number of the people reached more than 400 000（and they ） who were killed or injured.lthey 代指the people 所以定语从句移到其后,为lThe number of the people who were killed or injured reached more than 40
18、0 000. l1. Another big quake shook Tangshan and it was as strong as the first one.l寻找共同点 运用公式lAnother big quake shook Tangshan(and it) which was as strong as the first one.l it 代指quake 所以定语从句移到其后,得出定语从句为：l Another big quake which was as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 把下面的两组句子改写成含有定语从句的句子。先找
19、出共同部分，再用公式转变，并移动到先行词的后面l1. Do you want a friend ? You could tell everything to them.l2.Devices have been developedand they can recognize and respond to a human voice.l3.Dishes have much fat in themand they looked oily. l4.You dont have to turn away from the food,and you enjoy it.用公式转变l1. Do you want
20、 a friend ? You could tell everything to him. (and+ him ) whoml2.Devices have been developed. (and they ) which can recognize and respond to a human voice.l3.Dishes have much fat in them(and they) which looked oily. l4.You dont have to turn away from the food. You enjoy it. ( and it ) which 把得出的从句移到
21、先行词后。l1. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to? l2.Deviceswhich can recognize and respond to a human voice have been developed. l3.Dishes which looked oily,have much fat in them. l4.You dont have to turn away from the food which you enjoy . 若是并列句或两个句子都含有相同的部分时，后面的句中若是并列句或两个句子都含有相同的部
22、分时，后面的句中含有含有ones sth ones sth 和前面的人或物构成所属的关系。这时和前面的人或物构成所属的关系。这时可以把它们改写成定语从句。可以把它们改写成定语从句。公式即公式即 and+and+形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词whose whose (whose (whose表示所属关系表示所属关系) )l例如：Workers built shelters for survivors,and their homes had been destroyed.l and + their whose whoselWorkers built shelters for survivors
23、whose homes had been destroyed.把下面的两组句子改写成含有定语从句的子。 。 1.Dont get too close to the house,and its roof is under repair.l2.I like the room,and its window faces south.l答案：lDont get too close to the house, whose roof is under repair.lI like the room whose window faces south.若是并列句或两个句子都含有相同的部分时，后面的句若是并列句或
24、两个句子都含有相同的部分时，后面的句中含有中含有therethere或或then, then, 来代指前面提的时间或地点。这时来代指前面提的时间或地点。这时可以把它们改写成定语从句可以把它们改写成定语从句. . 公式即公式即 and + and + 副词副词 （表示时间或地点）（表示时间或地点） 关系副词关系副词 或者或者 and + and + 介词短语（表示时间或地点）介词短语（表示时间或地点）关系副词关系副词l 关系副词有三个关系副词有三个 when where why when where why （这一公式只适用前（这一公式只适用前两个）两个）l I will never forge
25、t the day. I first went to school then.l and + then whenl I will never forget the day when I first went to school.把下面的两组句子改写成含有定语从句的句子。l 1. The house is being repaired now. Lu Xun once lived there.l 2. Would you suggest a time ? We can have a talk at the time.l 答案：l 1. The house where Lu Xun once li
26、ved is being repaired now. l 2. Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk? TranslationTranslation下面的句子翻译成含有定语从句的英语句子。下面的句子翻译成含有定语从句的英语句子。注意先对汉语的定语调整。注意先对汉语的定语调整。l1.1.他是一个爱笑的人。他是一个爱笑的人。l2.2.我不认识刚才和你聊天的那个人。我不认识刚才和你聊天的那个人。l3.3.这是姑姑上周送给我的书。这是姑姑上周送给我的书。l4.4.我喜欢姐姐画的画。我喜欢姐姐画的画。l5.5.他正在看他儿子昨天制作的卡片。他正在看他儿子昨天制作的卡片。THANK YOUSUCCESS2022-5-21可编辑
