1、Education in the United States of America美国教育体系1 I. I. The goal of educationThe goal of education “Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day. Teach a man how to fish and he will eat for the rest of his life.” - Chinese Proverb The goal of education is to achieve universal literacy and to provide i
2、ndividuals with educational opportunities.2 Education in the United States is provided mainly by government, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. vEach of 50 states in the United States has its own laws regulating education. From state to state, some laws are
3、 similar; others are not.II. Education a local matterII. Education a local matter3III. Expenditure of EducationIII. Expenditure of EducationvEducational funds are from several sources.v Funds for elementary and secondary schools come from 3 sources: 1.about 50% from local property taxes, 2.40-50% fr
4、om the states, 3. 8%-9% from the federal government.4Levels of schoolingHigher EducationSecondary EducationElementary Education5Elementary school and Elementary school and secondary schoolsecondary schoolvIn most areas, free public school education begins with kindergarten classes for 5 years old.vA
5、lmost all the 50 states have laws that require 12 years of compulsory attendance at school for children.6vIn some school system, the 12 grades are divided into two stages, the first 6 grades for elementary school and the next 6 grades for secondary school.vIn other school system, there are three div
6、isions: elementary school (grades16), junior high school (79), and senior high school (1012). 7Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesGradeGradeAgeAgePreschoolPreschoolKindergartenKindergarten5 - 65 - 6Elementary SchoolElementary School1st Grade2nd Grade3rd Grade4th Grade5th Gra
7、de6 - 76 - 77 - 87 - 88 - 98 - 912 - 1312 - 1310 - 1110 - 116th Grade7th Grade8th Grade11 - 1211 - 129 - 109 - 1013 - 1413 - 14Middle SchoolMiddle School9th Grade14 - 1514 - 15810th Grade11th Grade12th Grade15 - 1615 - 1616 - 1716 - 1717 - 1817 - 18High SchoolHigh School9IV. Curricula for StudentsIV
8、. Curricula for Students1.Elementary School1.Elementary SchoolvAlthough the federal government has no national curriculum for education, almost every elementary school provides instruction in these subjects: language arts; math ;penmanship; science; social studies; music; art; and physical education
9、.Physical Physical EducationEducation102. Secondary School2. Secondary SchoolvSecondary schools offer these subjects: English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education.vMost schools offer foreign languages. Spanish is the most popular foreign language for Americans .11vClass atmos
10、phere is usually relaxed in American schools.vAmerican educator believe that children learn better when they are happy and interested, so every effort has been made to arouse the interests of the individual.12Public SchoolsPublic SchoolsvPublic schools are locally controlled.vFirstly, public schools
11、 are supported by taxes paid by all people whether or not they have children attending schools.vSecondly, they are free from religious influence.vPublic schools educate about 88% of all American children.13Private SchoolsPrivate SchoolsvMost private schools are related to religious groups. vIn these
12、 schools, religious instruction is part of the curriculum vToday, about 12% of all American children go to private schools for their elementary and secondary education.14Middle School in U.S.A152022-5-2116Standardized TestsStandardized TestsvIn the last year of high school, students who want to go o
13、n to receive higher education have to take some kind of standardized tests.vThe most popular tests are Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT) and the American College Testing (ACT)17SATSATvThe SAT is a three-hour, multiple-choice exam measuring verbal, math, and reasoning skills.vIt is required by most h
14、igher education institutions in the United States for the admission to undergraduate degree programs.18Entrance Requirement of a Entrance Requirement of a University or a CollegeUniversity or a CollegevSuccessful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen on the basis of :1.Their high school aca
15、demic performance2.Letters of recommendation from their high school teachers3.The impression they make during the interviews at the university4.Their scores on SAT19The Complex System of Higher EducationIt comprises fourfour categories of institutions:vThe universityvThe four-year undergraduate inst
16、itutionthe collegevThe technical training institutionvThe two-year, or community college20The Military AcademyvThe only institutions of higher education funded by the federal government are related to the Military. vThey are the United States Military Academy （陆军学校）at West Point, New York; the Unite
17、d States Naval Academy （海军学校）in Annapolis, Maryland; and the United States Air Force Academy （空军军官学校）in Colorado Springs, Colorado.21CreditCreditvOne of the measurements for an undergraduate in academic progress is credit or “point”. vTypically, an undergraduate student has to earn a certain number
18、of credits (about 120) in order to receive the bachelors degree at the end of four years of college.vCredits are earned by attending lectures (or lab classes) and by successfully completing assignments and examinations. 22vStudents who want to pursue graduate study have to take 1.the Graduate Record
19、 Examination ( (GRE), ), 2.or the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) for law school, 3.or the Medical College Admissions Test ( (MCAT) ) if one wants to go to a medical school.23Table of Academic DegreesTable of Academic Degrees18 (age)Undergraduate for the Bachelors degree (4 years)1 (grade)19220321
20、422Graduate School for the Masters (1-2)523624Graduate School for the Doctorate (2,3 or more)7258Postdoctoral Study and Research24Public UniversitiesvPublic universities are operated by a state or local government vSome famous public universities: 1.University of California at Berkley2.University of
21、 California at Los Angles (UCLA)3.University of Virginia25Private UniversitiesvAbout 2525 percent of higher education in the United States are privately operated by religious organization. vThe most prestigious universities in America are the older private universities, such as Harvard University (1
22、636),Yale University (1701), Princeton University (1746), Columbia University (1754),etc.26Ivy League UniversitiesIvy League UniversitiesvIvy LeagueIvy League Universities refer to the eighteight olderolder privateprivate universities in the east of America.vHarvard UniversityHarvard University 1636
23、 Cambridge MA vYale UniversityYale University 1701 New Haven CNvPrinceton UniversityPrinceton University 1746 Princeton N.J27vUniversity of PennsylvaniaUniversity of Pennsylvania 1740 Philadelphia PAvColumbia UniversityColumbia University 1754 New York City NYvBrown UniversityBrown University 1764 Providence RIvDartmouth CollegeDartmouth College 1769 Hanover NHvCornell UniversityCornell University 1865 Ithaca NY28Harvard University29Thank you for listening!Thank you for listening!302022-5-2131
