1、Unit 1Section AReading and Thinking.知识体系图解 重点词汇 写作词汇1. adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 2. n.证据;证明;检验 3. n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 4. vt.把归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责5. n.联系;纽带 v.把连接起来;相关联severeproofhouseholdblamelink自主预习自主预习6. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的 7. n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.&vi.减少;减小;降低8. n.显微镜 puredecreasemicroscope阅读词汇9.cholera n. 10.germ
2、n. 11.subscribe vi. 12.multiple adj. 13.pump n. 14.handle n. vt. 15.raw adj. 16.statistic n. 霍乱微生物;细菌;病菌认购;定期订购;定期交纳数量多的;多种多样的泵;抽水机;打气筒把手;拉手;柄处理;搬动;操纵未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的统计数字;统计资料;统计学拓展词汇17. vt.反驳;与矛盾contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 18. vt.使沮丧;使灰心frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的frustration n.懊恼,沮丧 19. vt.使感染;
3、传染infection n.感染;传染 20. vi.& vt.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 n.怀疑;嫌疑 21. vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变transformation n.转型;转化;改造 contradictfrustrateinfectsuspectsuspiciontransform重点短语 1. 最终地;彻底地 2. 同意;赞同 3. 幸亏;由于 4. 应受责备 5. 照料;照顾 6.die from 7.give birth 8.in general 9.find out 10.as a result of once and for allsub
4、scribe tothanks tobe to blameattend to死于分娩一般来说查明 由于.阅读导学A.阅读P2P3课文,根据事件发生的先后顺序排序。()John Snow began to test two theories.()In the early 19th century,an outbreak of cholera hit Europe.()John Snow marked the deaths on a map.()He announced that the water carried the disease.()John Snow discovered that i
5、n two particular streets the cholera outbreak was very severe.()“King Cholera” was defeated.()There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street.()He had the handle removed from the water pump.12345678B.根据P2P3课文内容,选择正确答案。1.Why did John Snow become frustrated?A.An outbreak of cholera hit
6、Europe.B.Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera.C.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases.D.He had to attend to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.答案 B 2.How did John Snow do the research?A.By using maps and statistics.B.By drinking the water himself.C.By questioning the patients.D.B
7、y experimenting by himself.答案 A 3.Why had some households had no deaths?A.Beer was a cure for the disease.B.They lived far away from the water pump.C.They had not drunk the water from the pump.D.They worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.答案 C 4.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.John Snow was a
8、well-known doctor in London.B.The cause of cholera was the water pump.C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.D.How John Snow collected,analysed data and found the cause of the disease.答案 D C.阅读P2P3课文,厘清文章结构。 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”CholeraIt used to be one of the most feared 1
9、. in the world.It causes 2. diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the early 19th century,millions of people 3. the disease.Two contradictory theoriesOne theory was that 4. caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from 5. in food or water.diseasesseveredied frombad air
10、germsJohn SnowAs a young doctor,he became 6. because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.He desired to destroy cholera 7. and for all.In his use of 8. ,he 9. the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,he 10. the father of modern epidemiology.frustratedoncemaps and statisticstransforme
11、dis considered重点词汇重点词汇1In time,he rose to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.(教材P2)最终,他成了一位著名的医生,甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。 attend to处理;注意;专心;照顾He offered to go and attend to the matter.他主动提出来处理这件事。Parents must attend to the education of their children.父母应当关心子女的教育。M
12、y mother will attend to the baby while I go to the dance.我去跳舞时母亲将会照看孩子。合作探究合作探究【词汇拓展】attend vi.& vt. 照顾;出席;参加attend school/church 去上学/做礼拜attend a meeting/a lecture参加会议/听演讲【迁移应用】完成句子(1)我经常出席会议,有时参与大会的讨论。I often meetings and sometimes I take part in their discussion.(2)多年来詹妮一直照顾她生病的母亲。Jenny has been h
13、er sick mother for years.(3)有很多事要处理。A lot of things have to be .attendattending toattended to2However,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.(教材P2)然而,他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。 once and for all最终地;彻底地It is high time we dealt with the issue once and for all.是时候我们彻底地处理这问题了。The problem can b
14、e solved once and for all,if you do that.如果你那样做,问题就可能一劳永逸地得到解决。【词汇拓展】once in a while有时,偶尔once upon a time从前once more/again再一次all at once同时at once立刻【迁移应用】短语填空(1)Why dont you negotiate directly with him and solve this issue ?(2)Its interesting to cook ,but not every day.(3)I dont think I can handle ev
15、erything .(4)Slowly I read her note .once and for all,once in a while,once more/again,all at once once and for allonce in a whileall at onceonce more/again3Snow subscribed to the second theory.(教材P2)斯诺赞同第二种理论。 subscribe to同意,赞同;订阅;定期捐款Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the econ
16、omy?你同意她对经济状况的悲观看法吗?Are you going to subscribe to the opera this season?你打算订阅这一季歌剧吗?How much did you subscribe to the disaster fund?你向救灾基金捐了多少钱?【词汇拓展】subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)subscribe.to.把捐赠给;把签署在上subscribe for 预定;认购He subscribed for 1,000 shares.他认购一千股。【迁移应用】写出下列句子中subscribe的汉语意思(1)You can
17、 subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. (2)I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of my life. (3)Existing shareholders subscribed for only 49% of the new share issue. 订阅同意认购4Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。 suspect v
18、t.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine.我怀疑引擎出毛病了。Shes not going to be very happy about this,I suspect.我怀疑她会因为这个不高兴的。Police have issued a photograph of the suspect.警方已经发布了犯罪嫌疑人的照片。【词汇拓展1】suspect sb to be+n./adj.认为/猜想某人是suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事
19、suspect that.怀疑Pilcher was suspected of giving away the companys secrets to others.皮尔彻涉嫌将公司的秘密泄露给他人。【归纳助记】“v.+sb+of+sth”结构大集合inform sb of sth告知某人某事warn sb of sth警告某人某事cure sb of sth治好某人某病remind sb of sth提醒某人某事accuse sb of sth指控某人某事rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物convince sb of sth使某人相信某事【迁移应用1】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)I su
20、spect him (be) a pickpocket.(2)I suspected the girl of (lie) to us.一句多译(3)警察怀疑钱是他拿的。The police the money.=The police the money.to belyingsuspected him of having takensuspected that he had taken blame vt.把归咎于;责怪;指责n.责备;指责You shouldnt blame this accident on him;after all its not up to him to make the
21、decision.你不该把这次事故归咎于他,毕竟这不是由他来做决定的。Youve failed to do what you were expected to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.你没做成期望你做的事,我担心老师会责备你。You cant expect Terry to take all the blame.你不能指望特里承担所有的责任。【词汇拓展2】(1)blame sb/sth for sth因而责备某人/某物blame sth on sb把某事怪到某人头上(2)get/take the blame for.为承担责任lay/p
22、ut the blame on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某物(3)be to blame (for)应受指责Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.许多人发现早上起床很难,并把责任归咎于闹钟。【迁移应用2】单句语法填空(1)Some social app companies were (blame) because they didnt adequately check their users registration.(2)The police h
23、ad figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the lorry driver that should take the blame it.(3)Many children are afraid of (blame) for making mistakes in speaking English.to blameforbeing blamed5Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the differe
24、nt water companies in London.(教材P3)此外,斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。 link n.联系;纽带vt.把连接起来;相关联To understand this concept,we look at the link between the law and ethics.要理解这一概念,我们先看一下法律和伦理之间的联系。The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。【词汇拓展】(1)link up(with) 连接;结合link.with/to.把与连接;联系(2)a link
25、 between A and BA和B之间的联系The hearts of the people of all the nationalities are linked to each other.各族人民心连心。Is he the man who had different sections of the walls linked up?是不是他让人把城墙各个部分连接起来的?【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)The link what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp
26、.(2)Experts say hydrogen technology can reduce industrial gases (link) to global warming.(3)The Internet allows people from all over the world to link for chat sessions.betweenlinkedup6Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world
27、 saw a substantial decrease.(教材P3)在斯诺的不懈努力下,自来水公司开始销售干净的水,在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅度减少。 decrease n.减少;降低;减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低There has been a steady decrease of temperature.温度在稳步下降。Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunk driving,the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased.由于对酒后驾驶有严格的交通法
28、规,酒后驾驶导致的事故的数量大大减少了。【词汇拓展】(1)decrease to 减少到decrease by减少了decrease from.to.从减少到(2)on the decrease 在减少a decrease in.在方面减少Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.去年房子的平均价格下降了13%。The number of students going abroad for further study is on the decrease nowadays.目前去国外继续深造的学生数量在不断减少。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1
29、)A local newspaper remarked that crime was the decrease.(2)The number of new students decreased from 210 160 this year.(3)By 1881,the population of the island (decrease) from 5,000 to 3,500.ontohad decreased7Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.(教材P3)幸运的是,由于
30、约翰斯诺的努力,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 thanks to幸亏;由于Thanks to your hard work,we can finish the task ahead of schedule.多亏了你的努力工作,我们能提前完成任务。Thanks to modern science and technology,people lead a more and more comfortable and rich life.多亏了现代科技,人们的生活越来越舒适、越来越富裕。【词汇拓展】表示“因为;由于”的短语due to 由于;因为because of由于;因为on account of
31、 由于owing to由于;因为as a result of由于的结果【易混辨析】thanks to/ thanks for thanks to多亏,由于thanks for因为而感谢(=thank sb for)【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)Thanks recent research,effective treatments are available.(2)Nice to meet you and thanks being with us this weekend.短语填空(3)His failure was carelessness.(4) your help,we finished
32、the task in time.(5) careless driving,he had an accident.due to,owing to,thanks to tofordue toThanks toOwing to8Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(教材P3)此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 transform vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变It was an event that would t
33、ransform my life.那是能够改变我生活的一件事。A fresh coat of paint can transform a room beyond recognition.新涂的一层油漆可以使房间焕然一新。【词汇拓展】(1)transform.into.使变成transform.from.into.把从变成(2)transformation n.转型;转化It is a surprise that the city has been transformed from a small town into a modern industrial centre in recent te
34、n years.真令人惊奇,在近十年中这个城市由一个小乡镇转变成了一个现代化的工业中心。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)She was transformed from a common-looking adolescent a pretty young woman.(2)In the past 20 years the country (transform) into an advanced industrial power.句型转换(3)After the company had been transformed into a powerful one,it decided to exten
35、d business to Europe.(用动词-ing形式) into a powerful one,the company decided to extend business to Europe.intohas been transformedHaving been transformed重点句式重点句式1It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(教材P2)该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从
36、那里打水运到家里来。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。It seemed是主句,that the woman liked.是表语从句;so.that.引导的是结果状语从句,其中had it delivered是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,由于it和deliver有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。There is something wrong with my watch and I must have it repaired.我的表坏了,我必须找人修理一下。I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。【句式拓展】“have+宾语+过去分词形式”的用
37、法(1)表示请/让别人做某事Can I have this parcel weighed here?我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?(2)表示经历或遭遇了某事He had his finger cut this morning.今天早晨他把手指割破了。(3)表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事I have had all my mistakes corrected.我把所有的错误都改正了。(4)表示容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句,尤其与wont,cant 等连用)We wont have anything said against the teacher.我们不允许任何人说老师的坏话。【易混辨析】 ha
38、ve sb do(1)宾语和宾语补足语构成主动关系(2)意义:让某人做某事have sb/sth doing(1)宾语和宾语补足语构成主动关系(2)意义:让某人一直/持续做某事用于否定句中,表示“不允许”“不让”have sth to do(1)如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需用主动形式;如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用被动形式。(2)意义:有某事要做【迁移应用】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)After three hours of work,we finally had the problem (solve).(2)I cant ask you to dinner this week as
39、I am having my house (paint) at the moment.(3)Do you have your windows (clean)?I dont have them (clean).I clean them myself.solvedpaintedcleanedcleaned2The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.(教材P3)与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比,饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。
40、【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。句中两个who引导的是定语从句,分别修饰The people和those。be likely to do意为“很可能做”。The price is likely to go down because of the competition.由于竞争,价格可能会下降。You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.如果继续吸烟,你的身体健康会受到损害。【句式拓展】(1)Its likely that.某人/某物很可能=sb/sth be likely to do(2)unlikely adj.不
41、大可能发生的be unlikely to.不可能Its unlikely that.不大可能It is likely that they can understand us better and give us some reasonable advice.他们很可能更理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。Its most unlikely that shell arrive before seven.她几乎不可能在七点前到达。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1) is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you dont know
42、Chinese table manners.(2)Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely (continue) when they grow up.Itto continue句型转换(3)If you grow up in a large family,you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.If you grow up in a large
43、family,you develop the ability to get on well with others.it is more likely that.课文语法填空John Snow,a well-known doctor in London,became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people who 1. (expose) to cholera,a deadly disease of its day.2.(thousand) of people died every time there was an outb
44、reak 3. no one knew the cause of it,which made John Snow frustrated.John never lost his desire 4. (defeat) cholera.were exposedThousandsbutto defeat巩固新知巩固新知He got interested in two theories 5. (explain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory that cholera was caused by an infectio
45、n from germs in food or water.In 1854,6. another outbreak hit London,he was ready to test the two 7. (theory).With the help of the map he made,he got a 8. (value) clue about the cause of the disease.Finally,he was able to announce that the water was 9._ (blame).Thanks to the work of John Snow,the th
46、reat of cholera around the world greatly decreased.Moreover,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases by using maps and statistics.10. this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.explainingwhentheoriesvaluableto blameFor.概要写作根据课文P2P3完成下面的内容概要。John Snow,who is considered
47、 the father of modern epidemiology,1.(下决心打败霍乱) which was one of the most feared diseases in the world in the 19th century.When cholera broke out in London in 1854,2.(他弄清楚了这种疾病的起因) by using maps and statistics.3.(由于他的努力),the threat of cholera around the world greatly decreased.was determined to defeat cholerahe found out the cause of the diseaseThanks to his effort
