1、reading and thinking Learning aims1. get to know some knowledge about Cholera. 23understand the passage well.learn some reading skills by scanning and skimming. 4.learnfromthegreatscientistsanddevelopthenoblespirits.3Who is he?Archimedes /kimidiz/ (阿基米德)He discovered that objects in water are lifted
2、 up by a force that helps them float.Charles Darwin.He wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed. theOriginofSpeciesWho is he?He invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities.(light bulb)Who is he? Her research leads to the discovery of
3、 artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. Who is he?He put forward a theory about black holes.Who is he?He, perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the
4、 general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. He was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.Who is he?They made great contributions to the development of human beings. Would you like to do scientific research? Why or why not？We can better understan
5、d the world; appreciate the world at different levels ; make a difference in peoples lives; develop new technologies; find cures; solve practical problems;It is absolutely a hard and demanding job and many people cannot stand staying in the laboratory day and night. To raise new questions, new possi
6、bilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. - Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题提出新的问题，发现新的可，发现新的可能，能，从新的角度从新的角度审视已存在的审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并力，并标志着标志着科学的真正进步。科学的真正进步。John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”1. Read the w
7、hole text quickly and match the main ideasWhile Reading - Fast readingthe second While Reading-Careful readingIts one of _ in the world, because it causes _._(when), an outbreak of cholera hit _, milions of people _.He rose to become _ , and even _ Queen Victoria when she gave birth. Snow became _ b
8、ecause no one knew _.However, he had a desire to _ once and for all. 1. Read Para 1 carefully and fill in the mind mapfrustratedhow to prevent or treat choleraa famous doctorattended to destroy cholera Its one of _ in the world, because it causes _._(when), an outbreak of cholera hit _ milions of pe
9、ople _.He rose to become _ , and even _ Queen Victoria when she gave birth. Snow became _ because no one knew _.However, he had a desire to _ once and for all. 1. Read Para 1 carefully and fill in the mind map Two theoriesThe second theory The first theory While reading 2. Read the 2nd paragraph car
10、efully and find out the two theories.bad air caused the disease Cholera was caused by an infection from the germs in food or water.Proof was needed.A map of Broad Street-”Cholera A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”Map”What method did Snow use?While Reading1) Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Br
11、oad Street?2) Which houses had no death in Broad Street?Multiple deaths happened here.No death happened here.He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame. Evidence4. Read Para 2 and 3 carefully, complete the chartWhile ReadingIt was believed that cholera was caused by _ or germs in _.The p
12、ump water carried _.Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people who lived near the pump worked in the pub and _ drunk the water from the pump , lived.A woman and her daughter had died after _, because she had the water_ every day.Snow began by _ the places where people _.Snow had the
13、 handle of the pump _.ABCDEbad airfood or watermarking on the mapwho died had livedwater pumphad notmoving away from Broad Streetdelivered to her housecholera germsremovedSupporting evidenceWhile ReadingStageKey words or sentences1.2 contrary theories2.in two particular street the cholera was so sev
14、ere . find out why3.marking on the map4. houses number 16,37,38 and 40;20 and 21; 8 and 95.multiple death near the water pump;some houses had no death.6.a woman and her daughter had died, the woman liked the water. had it delivered to her house7.John Snow announced that the pump water carried choler
15、a germs.5. Put the following scientific stages in right order.While Reading6. Read Para 4-5 and answer the questions below.1) Water companies began to sell clean water.2) The threat of cholera around the world decreased.3) He helped people know how to prevent cholera.4) Snow transformed the way scie
16、ntists study diseases.2. What contributions did John Snow make?1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, _ (cause) millions of deaths. seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how _ (prevent) or treat ch
17、olera. At that time, doctors had two theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. John discovered that in two particular street _ cholera outbreak was _ severe that over 500 people died in ten days.
18、 Through his serious _ (investigate), he found it was the pump water in Broad Street _ resulted in the disease. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _ (remove) .It turned out that the water from the pump _ (infect) by waste. Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean wat
19、er ,and the threat of cholera around the world saw _ substantial decrease.Snow transformed the way _ scientists study diseases. For this reason, he is considered the father of modern epidemiology. causingto preventthesoinvestigationthatremovedhad been infectedathat/in which Whatcanwelearnfrom Discov
20、er artemisnin to treat malaria,awarded the Nobel PrizeFather of hybrid ricekeep people away from hungerDespite the danger of infection, devote to the research of COVID-19 What qualities and scientific spirits do they have in common?Discussion To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old
21、problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. - Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题提出新的问题，发现新的可，发现新的可能，能，从新的角度从新的角度审视已存在的审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并力，并标志着标志着科学的真正进步。科学的真正进步。 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, unt
22、il a British doctor. John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no o
23、ne knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.在英国医生约翰在英国医生约翰 斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻
24、、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰 斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望最令人恐惧的死于变得沮丧被克服照料始终分娩分娩在英国医生约翰在英国医生约翰 斯诺向人们斯诺向人们展示如何战胜展示如何战胜霍乱霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上之前
25、，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的最令人恐惧的疾疾病之一。它可病之一。它可导致严重导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，十九世纪初，霍乱霍乱暴发暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万，肆虐欧洲，数百万人人丧命丧命。由于当时无人知道。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗如何预防或治疗霍乱霍乱，年轻的约翰，年轻的约翰 斯诺医生斯诺医生很沮丧很沮丧。后来，。后来，他他成了一位名医成了一位名医。甚至。甚至照料分娩照料分娩的维多利亚的维多利亚女王。然而，他女王。然而，他始终始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望的愿望 In general, doctors in those days had tw
26、o contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of
27、cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why。两种截然不同菌感染导致赞同第二种看法大体上因此决心关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引种截然不同
28、的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。多人死亡。他决心查明原因。Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those
29、 who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had
30、 been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是尤其是16号、号、37号、号、38号及号及40号住宅号住宅)，但是有些住户，但是有些住户(如宽街如宽街20号和号和21号以及号以及剑桥街剑桥街8号和号和9号号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。们提供免费啤酒
31、，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。住户通过在地图上标出多例死亡被被提供免费啤酒提供免费啤酒Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver
32、ed to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区
33、域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。应该受到责备；罪魁祸首搬离后似乎怀疑，认为有了这
34、个证据于是干预阻止蔓延The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The
35、people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。被废物感染证明关联未处理的废物更可能Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell cl
36、ean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease。 However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his us
37、e of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology目睹了大幅降低经过斯诺的不懈努力由于因为这个原因经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。
