1、Revision: Lesson 14 Do you speak English?Key structure: 过去完成时(9AUnit5):主主+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 时间状语从句中，如果两个动作都发生在过去，同时发生，要用过去进行时态；如果一先一后发生，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。Special difficulties: ask & ask for except & except for & besides & apart from either of & neither of & both of & all ofExercises:1.The m
2、an of_experience said he had_very interesting experience the other day. A./; / B.a; / C./; a D.a; a2.He_in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A.works B.had worked C.will work D.has worked3.I like_of the books, that is, I dont like_of the designs. A.either;neither B.neither;one C.
3、neither;either D.either;both4. We _(paint) the house before we _ (move) in.5. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).6. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).7. Paul _ _ (go) out with Jane after he _ _ _ (turn off) the light.8.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(le
4、ave).had paintedmovedhad madediedhad run awayarrivedwenthad turned offarrivedhad leftWhats that good news? secretary【sekrtri 】 n.秘书, 书记；(英）大臣，（美）部长secret n.秘密 keep a secret 保守秘密 the secret of success 成功的秘密 secret(秘密秘密)+ ary（人）（人）=secretary（秘书）（秘书）a private secretary 私人秘书Secretary-general 秘书长Secretar
5、y of State （美）国务卿nervousadj. 担忧的，紧张的The exam is coming, so I feel very nervous.I felt very nervous when I went into his office. Get nervous 变得紧张 I always get so nervous about going on stage. Dont be nervous! 别紧张！扩展： nervous 的近义词：的近义词：uneasy; restless nervous:事情正在发生事情正在发生 worried:为以后的事情担心为以后的事情担心 ups
6、et:不安的，事情发生以后不安的，事情发生以后 nerve n:v n. 神经神经afford fd I have a lot of money, so I could afford an apartment.v. 买得起，经受得住，承担得起 afford sth: e.g. I can afford the book. afford money/ time: e.g. I can afford five yuan. afford to do sth: e.g. I can afford to buy the book.注意：afford 一般和can, could, be able to 连
7、用，没有被动语态。StrongWeak adj. 弱的wik Weak adj. 1. 虚弱的She is still weak after her long illness. 2. 懦弱的He is a man of weak character. 3. (能力等)弱的,差的(+at/in)He was weak in mathematics, but good at English. a weak building 一座不牢固的建筑 a weak smile 一个淡淡的微笑 weak sunlight 微弱的阳光New Word - 5 Interrupt ntrpt v. 1.打断(讲话
8、或讲话人) Interrupt sb 打断某人的话 Dont interrupt me. It is rude to interrupt. You interrupted my thoughts. 2.中断;遮断;阻碍Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. Extra ekstradj. 额外的 extra time 加时赛 The football match went into extra time. extra work 额外工作 extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬n.号外， 临时演员 He
9、 worked as an extra for three years. Key words and expressions 秘书秘书 感到紧张感到紧张 进入他的办公室进入他的办公室 从他的桌子抬头看从他的桌子抬头看 进入进入 负担得起做某事负担得起做某事 薪水薪水 用微弱的声音用微弱的声音 插话，打断插话，打断 收到收到secretaryfeel nervousgo into his officelook up from his deskenterafford to do sthsalaryin a weak voiceinterruptreceiveText The secretary t
10、old me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I
11、 knew that my turn had come. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year! text The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. Would在这里不单单指过去将来时，更表示想，要 例：What would you like to have? He did not lo
12、ok up from his desk when I entered. look up表示先埋头干什么，之后抬头看。还可以做”查字典“的意思。 反义词：look down 向下看 He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise. The little boy looked up at his father with wild eyes. Students can look up the new words in the dictionary. look down on/upon sb. 瞧不起某人（词义非常重） We shouldnt lo
13、ok down upon others. look around look around look outlook out He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. pay salary 支付薪水支付薪水 collect salary 领薪水领薪水 1）such+a/an+形容词可数名词单数so+形容词a/an+可数名词单数；2）so+many/few+可数名词复数，但：such+其他形容词（many/few除外）可数名词复数；3）so+much/little+不可数名词，但：such+其他形容词
14、（much/little除外）不可数名词 so,such区别区别: He is so kind (a man)that everyone likes him. He walked so fast that I couldnt catch up with him. He is such a kind man that everyone likes him. They are such kind people that everyone likes them. Ive never eaten such delicious food.so+adj./adv.+(可数名词单数可数名词单数)such +
15、a/an+(adj.)+可数名词单数可数名词单数such +(adj.)+不可数名词不可数名词such +(adj.)+可数名词复数可数名词复数Practice: 用so, such 填空 1. He is _a good student that we all like him. 2.He is _good a student that we all like him. 3.It was _bad weather that he had to stay at home. 4.Ive had _many falls than Im black and blue all over. 5.The
16、story is _so_ amusing that everyone is amused.suchsosuchsoTwenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. 有20个人己经离去,我知道这次该轮到我了。 My turn has come.（书面语）Its my turn.（口语）Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he said in a . voice in a loud/low/weak/strong voice（low:音量低；wea
17、k:心里不塌实，微弱的声音；strong强有力的声音） Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year! 一千英镑 a thousand pounds 两千英镑 two thousand pounds 额外的一千英镑 an extra thousand pounds 额外的两千英镑 two extra thousand pounds 数词数词+extra+名词名词 “额外的额外的.” Please give me two extra ice-creams. On Sundays, I usua
18、lly get some extra sleep. extra & other& more & another 最灵活的是more,可以放数词和名词之间，甚至可以放在整个名词的后面; extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间; another一定放在数词前面。 记住几个短语：one extra thousand; two others; once more; another three daysGrammar 直接引语和间接引语 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech1.He said that business was very bad.2.He told m
19、e that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.3.He said: “ Dont interrupt.”4. He smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!第3句和其他几句有什么区别?直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 直接引述直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语直接引语”; 用自己的话转述转述别人的话叫“间接引语间接引语”; 直接引语一般前后要加引号; 间接引语不用
20、引号。如: John said, “I like reading very much.”John said that he liked reading very much. 把直接引语变为间接引语时，可用动词say, tell,后面可跟人名或者代词，然后以that引导出意思。在动词say后，that可省略。 无论人称、时态如何千变万化，只需要记住一句话规律：【根据语境，从实际情况需要出发。】 比如： 转换中的要点1-人称的转换Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语 1 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” He said t
21、hat he was very sorry. 2 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 转换中的要点1-人称的转换Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语3 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework
22、 tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等。如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转
23、换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般现在时一般现在时“I know it,” he said.一般过去时He said that he knew it. 转换中的要点总结2-时态的转换1Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all. 2.6 转换中的要点总结2-时
24、态的转换2Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,” he said.过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 2.6 转换中的要点总结2-时态的转换3Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)过去进行时过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时She said she ha
25、d been waiting for Jim.2.6 转换中的要点总结2-时态的转换4Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he.过去完成时He said he had seen her before.2.6 转换中的要点总结2-时态的转换5Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在完成进行时现在完成进行时He said, “I have been doing it for
26、hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours. 2.6 转换中的要点总结2-时态的转换6Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)过去完成时过去完成时“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.2.6 转
27、换中的要点总结2-时态的转换7Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般将来时一般将来时He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时He said they would start the next day.2.6 转换中的要点总结2-时态的转换8Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下从句的时态不变:1. 不变的真理不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the tem
28、perature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.7 转换中的要点总结3-特例说明1Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下从句的时态不变:2. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，如：当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out. 2.7 转换中的要点总结3
29、-特例说明2Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下从句的时态不变:3. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 2.7 转换中的要点总结3-特例说明3Grammer - 2 直接引语转换间接引语 1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how mu
30、ch C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy wasExercise 单项选择Exercise 填空 1. “I never eat
31、 meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat. 2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet. 3. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met the day _. 4. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.1、我知道你是对的。、我知道你是对的。 2、Mary
32、告诉我她已经完成了家庭作业。告诉我她已经完成了家庭作业。 3、我听说（、我听说（hear）她明天将会去香港。）她明天将会去香港。 4、我想、我想Jim现在正在听音乐。现在正在听音乐。 5、Lisa说说Ken昨天没有去学校。昨天没有去学校。 试试 一一 试试I know/knew that you are/were right.Mary told me that she had already done her homework.I heard that she would go to Hong Kong tomorrow.I think Jim is listening to music no
33、w.Lisa says that Ken didnt go to school yesterday. The _ told me that Mr. Harmsworth _ see me. I felt very _when I _ into his office. He did not look up _ his desk when I _. After I had sat down, he said that _ was very bad. He told me that the firm _ not afford to pay _ large salaries. _ people had already left. I knew that _ turn had come. I said _ a weak voice: “ Mr. Harmsworth.” But he told me not to _ him. Then he _ and told me I would _ an extra thousand pounds _ year!secretarywouldnervouswentfromenteredbusinesscouldsuchTwentymyininterruptsmiledreceivea
