1、.1.2目录How are Task 2 answers assessed?Ways to develop a paragraph（论证方法）（论证方法） 雅思议论文论证结构雅思议论文论证结构大作文分类大作文分类.3Examiners assess the answers according to these criteria Task Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidates id
2、eas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidates position is clear and effective) .4Examiners assess the answers according to these criteria Coherence连贯性 and Cohesion衔接 (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organised and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the i
3、nformation is linked) .5Examiners assess the answers according to these criteriaLexical Resource词汇资源词汇资源 (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task) .6Examiners assess the answers according to these criteria Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.
4、e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task).7段落的组织 250字，4段至5段话，4段更容易操作 第一段：2至4句 第二段：4至6句 第三段：4至6句 第四段：2至4句 Introduction: state your view Body: support your view with reasons, arguments, examples Conclusion: restate your view 主体段落：Topic sen
5、tence + supporting sentences.8Argumentative devices - Ways to develop a paragraph（论证方法）（论证方法） exemplification（举例说明），（举例说明），explanation（解释说明），（解释说明），cause and effect（因果论证），（因果论证），comparison and contrast（比较与对比）（比较与对比）concession and refutation（让步与反驳），（让步与反驳），classification（分类）（分类）.9Exemplification Exam
6、ple: a specific fact, idea, person, or thing that is used to explain or support a general idea, or to show what is typical of a larger group 举例相关关联词： For example For instance Take (Consider)as an example A case in point such as including.10Some people think that animals should be treated as friends.
7、 Yet others only consider animals as sources of food and clothing. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Sample AnswerThere is a growing tendency nowadays for some people to treat animals as living meat and walking fur. This leads to the cruel slaughter of animals all over the world every year. Ye
8、t, in my opinion, instead of killing animals, human beings should treat them as their friends.It is an undeniable fact that animals play a vital role in maintaining the subtle balance of the earths ecological system. The lack of this essential part will bring about the destruction of the whole world
9、. Therefore, to some extent, killing animals is equal to digging our own graves.For thousands of years, many animals have given loyal service to humans. Pigeons convey messages in wartime, and dogs help to detect crime. Even pigs, which many people think are the most stupid animals, are used in the
10、battle against drugs. There is no doubt that our lives would be far less convenient without a little help from our animal friends. Animals also help humans in a spiritual way. There is nothing better than keeping a cat or a dog if you want your kids to be more independent and responsible. It is also
11、 noted that senior citizens live longer if they keep pets after their retirement.To sum up, animals are human beings friends. Those who regard animals as merely a source of food and clothing should at least bear one thing in mind: Being kind to animals is being kind to ourselves. Therefore, for our
12、own future benefit, please treat animals with love and care.11 Topic sentence: A growing number of environmental problems are no longer confined to a certain region or country. For example, oil spills can pollute international waters and the loss of the ozone layer may lead to the melting of ice cap
13、s and glaciers, which in turn, may raise sea levels worldwide.12练习 Topic sentence: The advertisements on TV, newspaper and other kinds of media may confuse consumers and make them rush to purchase products which they dont really need. Take the cell phone for example. Its functions and practical use
14、are often exaggerated in advertisements. Whats more, the advertisements even create a fashionable atmosphere for cell phones which appeals to young people to change their phones continuously while ignoring the basic service of cell phones is just to make a phone call.13Explanation 解释：解释： It means Th
15、at is to say In other words To put it another way By that I mean.14I believe the traditional family, with both parents providing emotional support and role-models for their children, is the most satisfactory way of bringing up children.Education after birth plays a significant role in ones developme
16、nt. Education, which helps children develop their thinking and accumulate their knowledge, is a deciding factor of ones success. For example, a high-school level person commonly may not succeed to the extent of a person who has received a university education. This is not only because of the greater
17、 breadth of knowledge acquired, but also due to a more critical and focused way of thinking that is imparted and refined during ones senior education.I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sen
18、se of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).15Cause and EffectCause:because ofas a result ofdue tothanks toowing tobecauseassincef
19、orResult:as a resultas a consequenceaccordinglyin this waythushencesotherefore.16练习 妇女不应该当兵，因为她们的体力不如男子。 Women should be join in the army Women should not be a member of the army Women should not take up a military career because they are not as strong as men because they are inferior to men in phys
20、ical strength because of their physical inadequacies.17In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?范文：Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyl
21、es are probably responsible for this.In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowe
22、d to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from. When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or disc
23、ipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.18Comparison and Contrastsimilarlylikewisein the same mannerin the same waybutwhilewhereaswhilston the contraryin contrastby contraston the other handinsteadratherconversely Plane is t
24、he fastest means of transportation. It used to take us about 10 hours to go to a place by car. Now, we can go there in no more than 1 hour by air. What used to take us 10 hours by car can now be covered within 1 hour by air. .19Concession and Refutation although while admittedly it is true that it i
25、s often the case that but however nevertheless.20 Although old people are unlikely to face physically challenging tasks, there are many jobs that are especially suitable for old people, such as jobs that call for more experience and wisdom than physical power. With their rich experience in both work
26、 and life, many old people would make good consultants, instructors, coaches, doctors and psychologists, to mention only a few. Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood, it is men, not women, who prove to be the aggressors in crime and in war. Obviously, in raising children, a
27、 more patient, gentle manner is preferable to a more aggressive one. Although there are certainly gentle men and aggressive women, by and large, females are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.21论证方法总结及分类论证 妇女是否应当参军？ In many countries, women are not able to join in the
28、army to share equal basis with men and some people think that only men should be a member of the army, navy and air force. To what extent do you agree or disagree?.22应当；不应当；主体客体分类Why should?战争的状态和要求The way battles are fought has undergone dramatic changes and so women have an equal basis as men.参军的职
29、责Just as men have the responsibility of bringing up children with women, so women should bear the burden of protecting their own country by joining in the army.Why should not?（军人必备的条件？物质/非物质？）妇女体力不行（妇女不应当当兵是因为她们的体力不如男子。）男女分工不同Culturally speaking, women are not fit for the position of killing.分类：主体/客
30、体主体分类：什么妇女？客体分类：当什么兵？.23 完整文章分析： Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting. Write an essay expressing your point of view.24Sample Answ
31、er:The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to be true throughout history. This is not to say that men are not of importance in child-rearing; indeed, they are most necessary if children are to appreciate fully the roles of both sexes. But women have proven themselves superio
32、r parents as a result of their conditioning, their less aggressive nature and their generally better communication skills.From the time they are little girls, females learn about nurturing. First with dolls and later perhaps with younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the role of career. Girl
33、s see their mothers in the same roles and so it is natural that they identify this as a female activity. Boys, in contrast, learn competitive role far removed from what it means to nurture. While boys may dream of adventures, girls conditioning means they tend to see the future in terms of raising f
34、amilies.Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood, it is men, not women, who prove to be the aggressors in crime and in war. Obviously, in raising children, a more patient, gentle manner is preferable to a more aggressive one. Although there certainly exist gentle men and aggre
35、ssive women, by and large, females are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.Finally, women tend to be better communicators than men. This is shown in intelligence tests, where females, on average, do better in verbal communication than males. Of course, communication is
36、of utmost importance in rearing children, as children tend to learn from and adopt the communication styles of their parents.Thus, while it is all very well to suggest a greater role for men in raising children, let us not forget that women are generally better suited to the parenting role.25雅思议论文论证
37、结构雅思议论文论证结构 Argument Some people think that Others believe that Discuss and give your opinion.题目特点：题目当中包含着针锋相对的两种观点。要求讨题目特点：题目当中包含着针锋相对的两种观点。要求讨论并且提出你自己的观点。论并且提出你自己的观点。平衡式平衡式交代双方观点交代双方观点观点一及其理由观点一及其理由观点二及其理由观点二及其理由我的观点（倾向性我的观点（倾向性-一或二或折中）一或二或折中）注意：中心思想常在末段首句注意：中心思想常在末段首句.26雅思议论文论证结构雅思议论文论证结构 Some pe
38、ople believe that money spent on space research benefits all of humanity. Others take the opposite view and say that money for this type of research is wasted. Discuss these views and give your opinion.27雅思议论文论证结构雅思议论文论证结构Sample Answer：For over fifty years, a number of nations have been involved in
39、the exploration of outer space. This research has been very costly, of course. Has this money been well spent or wasted?Some people believe that all or most space research should be eliminated because of its incredible expense, not only in terms of money, but also in terms of scientific and human re
40、sources. These people point out the fact that it cost billions of dollars to send astronauts to the moon, but all they brought back were some worthless rocks. These people say that the money and effort now being wasted in outer space could be spent on more important projects right here on earth, suc
41、h as providing housing for homeless people, improving the education system, saving the environment, and finding cures for diseases.28雅思议论文论证结构雅思议论文论证结构 However, other people believe that space research has provided many benefits to mankind. They point out that hundreds of useful products, from perso
42、nal computers to heart pacemakers to freeze-dried foods, are the direct or indirect results of space research. They say that weather and communication satellites, which are also products of space programs, have benefited people all over the globe. In addition to these practical benefits, supporters
43、of the space program point to the scientific knowledge that has been acquired about the sun, the moon, the planets, and even our own earth as a result of space research.29雅思议论文论证结构雅思议论文论证结构 I agree with those people who support space research and wish to continue. Space research, as shown, has alrea
44、dy brought many benefits to humanity. Perhaps it will bring even more benefits in the future, ones that we can not even imagine now. Moreover, just as individual people need challenges to make their lives more interesting, I believe the human race itself needs a challenge, and I think that the peace
45、ful exploration of outer space provides just such a challenge.30练习练习 Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opin
46、ion题解：题解：和从事其他重要职业的人士相比，成功的职业运动员能挣和从事其他重要职业的人士相比，成功的职业运动员能挣多得多的钱。一些人认为这是完全合理的，而其他人认为多得多的钱。一些人认为这是完全合理的，而其他人认为不公平。讨论这两种观点并提出你的看法。不公平。讨论这两种观点并提出你的看法。.31雅思议论文论证结构雅思议论文论证结构范文：范文：As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at th
47、e top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibi
48、lity of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars
49、can generate. So the notion of “fairness” is not the issue.32雅思议论文论证结构雅思议论文论证结构范文：范文：Those who feel that sports stars salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be su
50、ccessful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings. Personally, I think that the amount of mo
