1、句子成分v主语主语v谓语谓语v宾语宾语v定语定语v状语状语v表语表语v同位语同位语主语 定义 主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。 可以充当主语的词 名词名词 A moon cake is a delicious, round cake. vThe first truck is carrying a few baskets. vThe temperature will stay above zero. vThe doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. vChina do
2、es not want to copy the USAs example. 代词代词v Its a young forest. vI dont know if it will grow. vThats a bit expensive. vYoud better buy a new pair. vIm afraid we havent got any black shoes. 数词数词vOne and two is three. vOne is not enough for me. I want one more. vOne of them is English. vSuddenly one o
3、f the bags fell off the truck. vTwo will be enough. 不定式不定式 （常以 Its adj. to do sth. 形式出现）It is difficult to learn how to swim.It is exciting to listen to Jays music.It is important to learn English. It作主语，有如下情况：作主语，有如下情况： 指代刚刚提到的事物：Whats this ? Its a bus. v表示时间，天气，距离： vWhats the time? Its eight ocloc
4、k. (时间) vWhats it going to be tomorrow? Its going to be rainy.(天气) vHow far is it? Its about one kilometer away. (距离) There be 句型中，be 作谓语，主语位居其后 vThere are many different kinds of mooncakes. vThere will be a strong wind. 谓语 定义 谓语表示主语所做的动作或所处的状态。 分类 （1）简单谓语 (2) 复杂谓语v简单谓语：凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语 Eg I
5、 like walking.(一般现在时主动语态) I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态) It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态) v复合谓语（分两种情况）（1）情态动词/助动词+动词原形 I wont do it again. I can not swim. Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. What does this word mean? (2）系表结
6、构：系动词+表语构成的复合谓语 系动词状态状态Be变化变化Become growTurn go come终止终止Prove; turn out感官感官Feel smell Sound taste表象表象Look seemAppear持续持续Keep restRemain stayu 状态 He is ill. I am a teacher.u 持续 He always keeps silent in class. This matter rests(remains) a mystery.u 表象 He looks tired. He lost his girlfriend so he seem
7、s to be very sad.u感官 This kind of clothes feels soft. The cake tastes delicious.u 变化 China becomes strong after its entrance into WTO.u 终止 The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.宾语 定义 宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。 例句 I saw a cat in the tree. We think you are
8、right. Attention1：宾语的分类直接宾语：多指物间接宾语 多指人例句：Give the rubber to me Please give the letter to XiaoLi. My father bought me a book. vAttention2: 宾补 （宾语补足语） 有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。 v例句：vWe all call him LaoWang. vPlease c
9、olor it red. vWe found the little girl in the hill. 定语 定义 用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 vThat is a beautiful flower. vThe TV set made in that factory is very good. vThis is my book, not your book. vThere are more than twenty tre
10、es in our school. vI have a lot of things to do. vOur country is a developing country. 状语 定义 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。作用 状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等 做状语的成分 副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。 例句：A、副词一般在句子中做状语 He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. He is playing under the tr
11、ee.中的under the tree是地点状语. B、不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. C、介词短语 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. D、从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. E、分词作状语 Hav
12、ing had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another. 主谓一致主谓一致主要内容：集合名词作主语时的主谓一致 主语从句作主语时谓语的确定 or, either-or, nor, neither-nor, not only-but (also), not-but等连接两个并列主语时的主谓一致情况 主语+as well as, with, together
13、 with, along with, rather than, but, except, besides等词时的主谓一致 由不同数词修饰的名词作主语时谓语的确定 定语从句中谓语的数 the+形容词作主语时谓语的确定 时间、距离等度量名词作主语时谓语的数 一个定义三个原则v一个定义：在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致 。v三个原则：语法一致；逻辑意义一致；就近原则 语法一致原则v定义：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 v用法： (一）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； 主语为复
14、数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：vHis father is working on the farm. vTo study English well is not easy. vReading in the sun is bad for your eyes. vWhat he said is very important for us all. 1.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. v（二）主语有and 或者bothand连接的主语谓语动词用复数。v例句：Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I ar
15、e classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. v特殊情况：vThe great writer and artist is _loved by this woman.如果and 连接的两个词指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数。vEvery student and every teacher _in the room。v No boy and no girl _it. 1.主语前如果分别有no, each, every其谓语动
16、词要用单数形式 v(三）主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 v例句：vMr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. vNobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. 1.She, lik
17、e you and Tom, is very tall. v（四）在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致 。v例句：He is one of my friends who are working hard.v注意：如果主句中出现Only,那么先行词要注意。v例如：He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. v（五）集体名词 如果集体名词指的是整体谓语动词用单数；如果集体命题指的是集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, c
18、ommittee, population, audience等。例句：1.Class Four is on the third floor. 2. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. v（六）表述很多，许多，一些，大多数的数量词，“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”其后谓语动词的单复数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定 。v例如：1.There are a lot of people in the classroom.2. The rest of t
19、he lecture is wonderful. 3. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 逻辑意义一致v定义：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。 几种情况(一）what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定 v例如：vWhich is your bag? /Which are your bags? 1. All is going well. / All have gone to Beijin
20、g. （二）表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句：1.Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 2.One hundred miles is a long way. 3.100 kilogram is heavy for a old people to carry.(三）若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式 。v例如：The Arabian Nightsis an interesting story-book.(四）算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词
21、采用单数形式 。例如：vTwelve plus eight is twenty. 1.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. （五）一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式 。例如：vThe paper works was built in 1990. 1. I think physics isnt easy to study. （六）trousers, glasses, clothes,
22、shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。例如：My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 就近原则v定义：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 哪些词是就近原则？有这些词！vNeithernorvEitherorvNot onlybut alsovWhetheror vThere be 来看一下例句吧！vEither the teacher or the students are our friends. vNei
23、ther they nor he is wholly right. vIs neither he nor they wholly right? vNot only all the teachers but Jim sees the school master.vThere are two chairs and a desk in the room p 经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量p Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be写在最后Thank You在别人的演说中思考，在自己的故事里成长Thinking In Other PeopleS Speeches，Growing Up In Your Own Story讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日
