1、科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 1 页 共 7 页 南京航空航天大学南京航空航天大学2018 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（ A 卷 ） 2018 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（ A 卷 ） 科目代码: 211 科目名称: 翻译硕士英语 满分: 100 分 注意: 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 poi
2、nts) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1.Sincethecouplewouldnot_theirdifferences,theydecidedtogetadivor
3、ce. A.resign B.comply C.coincide D.reconcile2.Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt_lonely. A.everythingbut B.allbut C.anythingbut D.nothingbut3.Ifeachmanagermakeshisusualspeech,themeetingwillbe_about45minutes. A.exceeded B.delayed C.prolonged D.expanded4.Theboysfathersaid,“
4、Youlllearnwhatdisciplineislikewhenyougointothearmy.Youcantdoasyoulikethere,youknow,youhaveto_.” A.toetheline B.stayinthering C.runtherace D.keepyourguardup5.Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst_,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation. A.potentiality B.priority C.superiority D.responsib
5、ility6.Herstubbornness_herinrelationshipswithotherpeople. A.prevailed B.prohibited C.hindered D.forbade7.Sofarashecould,Johnhadalwaystriedto_theexamplehesawinLincoln. A.liveupto B.setforth C.callfor D.cutout8.WithsufficientscientificinformationamannedtriptoMarsshouldbe_. A.obtainable B.potential C.c
6、onsiderable D.feasible9.Thenewsafetyregulationswereagreedonafter_withtheworkforce. A.conference B.participation C.intervention D.consultation10.Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;soIlltellyouaboutit_. A.indetail B.inbelief C.inshort D.inall11._menhavelearnedmuchfromthebehaviorofanimalsisnotnew. A.That B.Those C
7、.What D.Whether12.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_then. A.wouldhavebeenhere B.hadtobehere C,shouldbehere D.wouldbehere13.Thesecondbookwas_byAugust1952,buttwoyearslater,theendwasstillnowhereinsight. A.completed B.tohavecompleted C.tocomplete D.tohavebeencompleted14.Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoice_.科目代码
8、：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 2 页 共 7 页 A.washeabletomakehimselfhear B.hewasabletomakehimselfhear C.hewasabletomakehimselfheard D.washeabletomakehimselfheard15.Havingnomoneybut_toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner. A.nottowantanyone B.notwantinganyone C.wantnoone D.towantnoone16.Peoplewhorefuseto_withthel
9、awwillbepunished. A.obey B.consent C.conceal D.comply17.Theseexcursionswillgiveyouaneverdeeper_intoourlanguageandculture. A.inquiry B.investigation C.input D.insight18.Everysocietyhasitsownpeculiarcustomsand_ofacting. A.ways B.behavior C.attitudes D.means19.Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislisten
10、erisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof_. A.assurance B.persuasion C.encouragement D.confirmation20.Chinastarteditsnuclearpowerindustryonlyinrecentyears,andshould_notimeincatchingup. A.delay B.lose C.lag D.lessenII. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each p
11、assage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage1ThereportfromtheBureauofLabourStatisticswasjustasgloomyasanticipated.Unemployme
12、ntinJanuaryjumpedtoa16yearhighof7.6percent,as598,000jobswereslashedfromUSpayrollsintheworstsinglemonthdeclinesinceDecember,1974.With1.8millionjobslostinthelastthreemonths,thereisurgentdesiretoboosttheeconomyasquicklyaspossible.ButWashingtonwoulddowelltotakeadeepbreathbeforereactingtothegrimnumbers.C
13、ollectively,werelyontheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatisticstoframeoursenseofreality.Theyareavitalpartofanarrayofdatathatweusetoassessifweredoingwellordoingbadly,andthatinturnshapesgovernmentpoliciesandcorporatebudgetsandpersonalspendingdecisions.Theproblemisthatthestatisticsarentanobjectivemeasure
14、ofreality;theyaresimplyabestapproximation.Directionally,theycapturethetrends,buttheideathatweknowpreciselyhowmanyareunemployedisamyth.Thatmakesfindingasolutionallthemoredifficult.First,thereisthewaythedataisassembled.Theofficialunemploymentrateistheproductofatelephonesurveyofabout60,000homes.Thereis
15、anothersurvey,sometimesreferredtoasthe“payrollsurvey”thatassesses400,000businessesbasedontheirreportedpayrolls.Bothsurveyshaveproblems.Thepayrollsurveycaneasilydoublecountsomeone:ifyouareonepersonwithtwojobs,youshowupastwoworkers.Thepayrollsurveyalsodoesntcapturethenumberofselfemployed,andsosayslitt
16、leabouthowmanypeoplearegeneratinganindependentincome.Thehouseholdsurveyhasalargerproblem.Whenaskedstraightforwardly,peopletendtolieorshadethetruthwhenthesubjectissex,moneyoremployment.Ifyougetacallandareaskedifyoureemployed,andyousayyes,youreemployed.Ifyousayno,however,itmaysurpriseyoutolearnthatyou
17、areonlyunemployedifyouvebeenactivelylookingforworkinthepastfourweeks;otherwise,youare“marginallyattachedtothelabourforce”andnotactuallyunemployed.Theurgetoquantifyisembeddedinoursociety.Buttheideathatstatisticianscanthencapturean科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 3 页 共 7 页 objectiverealityisntjustimpossible.Ita
18、lsoleadstoseriousmisjudgments.DemocratsandRepublicanscanandwilltakesidesonanumberofissues,butamorecrucialconcernisthatbotharebasingmajorpolicydecisionsonguesstimatesratherthanlookingatthevastwealthofrawdatawithacriticaleyeandanopenmind.21.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstpassage? A.TheUSeconomicsituationisg
19、oingfrombadtoworse. B.Washingtonistakingdrasticmeasurestoprovidemorejobs. C.TheUSgovernmentisslashingmorejobsfromitspayrolls. D.TherecenteconomiccrisishastakentheUSbysurprise.22.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatistics? A.Theyformasolidbasisforpolicymaking C.Theysignalfuturee
20、conomictrends B.Theyrepresentthecurrentsituation. D.Theydofullyreflectthereality.23.Oneproblemwiththepayrollsurveyisthat_. A.itdoesnotincludeallthebusinesses C.itmagnifiesthenumberofthejobless B.itfailstocountintheselfemployed D.itdoesnottreatallcompaniesequally24.Thehouseholdsurveycanbefaultyinthat
21、_. A.peopletendtoliewhentalkingonthephone B.noteverybodyiswillingorreadytorespond C.somepeoplewontprovidetruthfulinformation D.thedefinitionofunemploymentistoobroad25.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorsuggeststhat_. A.statisticiansimprovetheirdataassemblingmethods B.decisionmakersviewthestatisticswithac
22、riticaleye C.politicianslistenmorebeforemakingpolicydecisions D.DemocratsandRepublicanscooperateoncrucialissues.Passage2Afewyearsback,thedecisiontomovetheBarnes,arespectedAmericanartinstitution,fromitscurrentlocationinthesuburbantownofMerion,Pa.,toasiteinPhiladelphiasmuseumdistrictcausedanargumentno
23、tonlybecauseitshamelesslywentagainstthewillofthefounder,AlbertC.Barnes,butalsobecauseitthreatenedtodismantlearelationshipamongart,architectureandlandscapecriticaltotheBarnesssuccessasamuseum.Foranyarchitecttakingonthechallengeofthenewspace,theconfusionofmoralanddesignquestionsmightseemoverwhelming.W
24、hatisanarchitectsresponsibilitytoBarnessvisionofamarvelousbutoddcollectionofearlyModernartworkshousedinarambling1920sBeauxArtspile?Isitpossibletoreproduceitsspiritinsuchachangedsetting?OrdoestryingtoreplicatetheBarnessuniqueatmosphereonlydoomyoutofailure?TheanswersoftheNewYorkarchitectstakingthecomm
25、issionarenotreassuring.ThenewBarneswillincludemanyofthefeaturesthathavebecomevirtuallymandatoryinthemuseumworldtodayconservationandeducationdepartments,temporaryexhibitionspace,auditorium,bookstore,cafmakingitfourtimesthesizeoftheoldBarnes.Thearchitectshavetriedtocompensateforthisbylaying out these
26、spaces in an elaborate architectural procession that is clearly intended to replicate thepeacefulness,ifnotthefantasticcharm,oftheoldmuseum.Buttheresultisacomplicateddesign.Almosteverydetailseemstoachefromthestrainoftryingtopreservethespiritoftheoriginalbuildinginaverydifferentcontext.Thefailuretodo
27、so,despitesuchanearnesteffort,isthestrongestargumentyetforwhytheBarnesshouldnotbemovedinthefirstplace.科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 4 页 共 7 页 TheoldBarnesisbynomeansanobviousmodelforagreatmuseum.Insidethelightingisfarfromperfect, and the collection itself, mixing masterpieces by Cezanne, Picasso and Soutin
28、e with secondratepaintingsbylesserknownartists,hasadistinctlyoddflavor.ButtheseapparentflawsarealsowhathavemadetheBarnesoneofthecountrysmostcharmingexhibitionspaces.ButtodaythenewBarnesisafteradifferentkindofaudience.Althoughmuseumofficialssaytheexistinglimitsoncrowdsizewillbekept,itisclearlymeantto
29、drawbiggernumbersandmoretouristsdollars.Formostvisitorstherelationshiptotheartwillfeellessimmediate.26.TheOldBarnesbecomesasuccessfulmuseummainlybecauseof_. A.thebeneficialgeographicalpositioninasuburbantown B.itsuniquedesignandorderlycollectionofarts C.theinfluenceofitsfounderAlbertC.Barnes D.thepe
30、rfectconnectionamongart,architectureandlandscape27.ThebiggestchallengearchitectsfaceinbuildingthenewBarnesis_. A.theethicalanddesignproblems B.thedifficultytoretainitsoriginalpeacefulness C.thelackofconfidenceinundertakingthetask D.thedifficultytoputalltheartworksinasmallerspace28.Accordingtothepass
31、age,thenewBarneswill_. A.becompletelythesameastheoldone C.bechangedintoanarteducationcenter B.takeupmorespacethantheoldone D.beforcedtobemoderninappearance29.WhydoestheauthoropposetorelocatetheBarnes? A.Therelocationmeansdisrespecttothepersonwhorunsit. B.Architecturescomplicateddesignwillmakethemuse
32、umcharmless. C.ThespiritoftheoldBarneswillbegoneinadifferentplace. D.ThemultiplefunctionsofthenewBarneswilldestroythecollection.30.WhatdoweknowabouttheoldBarnesfromthefifthparagraph? A.Itisafoodexampleofthegreatmodernmuseums. B.Itisdowngradedbythemixtureofdifferentpaintings. C.Theworldfamouspainters
33、worksmakeitacharmingplace. D.Itistheseemingimperfectionthatmakesitattractive.Passage3Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwith the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology,sociology,allthesci
34、encesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguish
35、esmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted,andthattheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.Bute
36、venwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandautonomyofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Let
37、merecallawellknownexample.IftheGreenmathematicianshadnot科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 5 页 共 7 页 appliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections(圆锥曲线),zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureo
38、felectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmere intellectual curiosity,would eventually lead tomodern electrical technology, withoutwhich we canscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddi
39、tion,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.31.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymankindcomefrom_. A.technicalapplications B.apparentlyuselessinformation C.thenaturalsciences D.philosophy32.Theauthordoesnotincludeamongthesciencesthes
40、tudyof_. A.chemistry B.astronomy C.economics D.anthropology33.Intheparagraphthatfollowsthispassage,wemayexpecttheauthortodiscuss_. A.thevalueoftechnicalresearch B.thevalueofpureresearch C.philosophy D.scientificfoundations34.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressedtheideasofthispassageis_. A.TechnicalProgress
41、 B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing C.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics D.LearningforItsOwnSake35.Thepracticalscientist_. A.knowsthevalueofwhathewilldiscover B.isinterestedintheunknown C.knowsthattheworldexists D.conceivesofcontemporarylife Passage4Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocour
42、tforshoplifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3000000sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshopstotalstock.Asaresultofthis“shrinkage”astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.Shoplifterscanbedividedintothreemaincatego
43、ries:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeople who just cant help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the storedetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,twowaymirrorsandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhigh
44、valuegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshoplifting.Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.Therealprob
45、lemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlawbidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshoplifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseo
46、fage,sicknessorplainabsentmindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.Whencaught,allareliabletoprosecutionandthedecisionwhethertosendforthepoliceornotisinthehandsofthestoremanager.Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinshopliftingoffences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatet
47、hethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itisthe科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 6 页 共 7 页 aircrafthijacksi
48、tuationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyearstimewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabodysearcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!36.
49、Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops? A.Thereis“shrinkage”inmarketvalues. B.Manygoodsarenotavailable. C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety D.Therearemanycasesofshoplifting37.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey_. A.arementallyill B.arequiteabsentminded C.cannotresistthetem
50、ptation D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods38.Accordingtothepassage,lawabidingcitizens_. A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings39.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutth
