1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs2 什么是非谓什么是非谓 语动词啊？语动词啊？ “非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语”, ,就是不是谓语的动词就是不是谓语的动词呗呗! !那不是谓语那不是谓语是什么呢？是什么呢？。1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2. 非谓语词：非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）就是不能作谓语的动词变形）实义动词实义动词系动词系动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词非谓语动词动名词动名词(doing)分
2、词分词现在分词现在分词(doing)过去分词过去分词(done)动词不定式动词不定式（to do）非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词6英语一句话中只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句 变为非谓语动词 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语定语、状语、补语 判别用谓语动词或非谓语动词判别用谓语动词或非谓语动词1._ the dog came over, our friend ran away. (see)2._ from the top of a hill, and youll find th
3、e city more beautiful. (see)3._ you_ the city from the top of a hill, youll find it more beautiful. (see) 4. _more clearly, they came up and got close to it.5. _from the top of a hill, our house looks like a car.SeeingSeeIfseeTo see根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词还是谓语动词根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词还是谓语动词一个句子（包括主句和从句）通常有一个谓语动词（一个句子（
4、包括主句和从句）通常有一个谓语动词（and可以并列连接两个谓语动词），分析句子可以并列连接两个谓语动词），分析句子:如果句子中没有谓语动词，填上谓语动词（注意时态和语如果句子中没有谓语动词，填上谓语动词（注意时态和语态），态），如果句子中已经有谓语动词，则考虑用非谓语动词（注意如果句子中已经有谓语动词，则考虑用非谓语动词（注意判别是动词不定式、现在分词、动名词还是过去分词）判别是动词不定式、现在分词、动名词还是过去分词）Seen4._ to the right, and you will find the building you want. (turn)5. If you _ to the
5、right, you will find the building you want. 6._ to the right, you will find the building you want.leftleftleavingTurnturnTurning 由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.2. The man sat there, _ (rea
6、d) a book.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools
7、.表语表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等宾语补足语等.Part 1 To-infinitive动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 动词不定式的基本构成：动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：肯定式：to do s
8、th 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式to doto be done完成式完成式to have doneto have been done 进行式进行式to be doing_(see) you again. (read) _ (write) _ (write) to seeto seeto be readingto have writtento be held她要求被派往西藏工作她要求被派往西藏工作to have been givento be laughedThe Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic
9、Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held- Is Bob still performing?- Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）二二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和动词不定式有副
10、词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语，独立成分语、定语、状语，独立成分 1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.Im glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see yo
11、u.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）Discussion: 说出不定式在句中的成分.(1)作主语作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + ta
12、kes sb +some time + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：It +be + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountainstototo句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的
13、）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is honorable _ us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind _ you to give me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the tea
14、cher like that.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解forforofofA: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的， 可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是： (表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc.有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记
15、下列小诗：(2)作宾语作宾语 I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语决心学会想希望决心学会想希望设法假装在拒绝设法假装在拒绝主动答应选计划主动答应选计划同意请求帮一帮同意请求帮一帮decide/ determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wishmanage, pretend, refuseoffer, promise, choose, planagree, ask, help此外，fail,need,would like/love, happen,af
16、ford, aim, prepare, cant wait to do, be used to do, be able to do Eg: She pretended not to see me when I passed by.I happened to be thereI would like to go swimming this weekend.I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往不定式短语作宾语时
17、，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 句型：句型：S+ find/think/feel/make/ consider/ believe.+it +adj/n+ to do sth. 翻译：1.我们认为早点开始是有必要的。2.我觉得保护环境是我们的责任。3.我认为遵守法律是重要的。4. 我发现在一天之内完成这么多家庭作业是不可能的。1.We thought it necessary to start early. 2. I feel it our duty to protect the environme
18、nt. 3.We think it important to obey the law.5.I find it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.注意：注意：2). it作形式宾语作形式宾语1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。表示结果）。(一致性一致性) _(do) two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。 _ (see) is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)系动词be, appe
19、ar, seem, prove后用to do形式做表语；be to do ,be about to do结构表将来时: He is to marry Rose. We _ the large factory.我们计划去参观那个大型工厂。I was just about _ (leave) the office when the phone rang.His words proved _ (correct). The girl seems _ (be) unhappy.To do To seeto be correct3）作表语）作表语to beto leaveare to visitOur m
20、ost important task now is to make a plan.3)当句子的主语是当句子的主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job,plan，problem, wish, task, job, purpose ,thing等等为中心为中心的名词时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明的名词时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。主语所包含内容。作表语作表语My job is to teach English.My wish is to be a doctor.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。His wish is _ (buy) a car in
21、the near future. to buy最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染The most important thing is _ (take) measures to prevent the pollution.to take注注: 作表语的不定式都带作表语的不定式都带to, 但当主语部但当主语部分有实义动词分有实义动词do时时, to可以省略可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is wait.4）作定语）作定语eg.1. I have something to tell you. 2. The meeting to be held tomorrow is
22、 very important.3. The next train to arrive is from Beijing.4. The car to be bought is for his sister.不定式做定语时一般表不定式做定语时一般表将要发生的动作将要发生的动作。5. She made a decision to go abroad for a year.6. His plan to finish his homework was quite clear.7. Ive no time to listen to your excuse.例句5.6.7不表示将要做。He is the m
23、an to see you. Please find me something to drink. I am very thirsty. We all have a chance to go to college.动词不定式做定语时动词不定式做定语时, ,应放在被修饰词应放在被修饰词( (名词或代名词或代词词) )的后面，它和被修饰词之间有三种关系的后面，它和被修饰词之间有三种关系: :主谓、主谓、动宾和同位动宾和同位. .作定语作定语主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系同位关系同位关系1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系She has a lot of work t
24、o do in the morning. 当不定式表示的动作与所修饰词有动宾关系，同时又与本句中当不定式表示的动作与所修饰词有动宾关系，同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词的另一个名词或代词(即句子的主语即句子的主语)构成主谓关系时，可用不构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义表示被动含义。如： 1) Mr.Smith，I have some questions_ (ask).史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。(不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I) 2) Please give me some books_ (read).请给我一些书读。(不定式to read的动
25、作执行者是句中的me)但：Im going to the post office; do you have anything _ (send)？3)The houses _ (build) next year are for the teachers.to askto readto be sentto be build我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？(此句中此句中send这个动作不这个动作不是句中是句中you发出的，所以用了被动发出的，所以用了被动)1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything
26、to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? ( (区别主被动）区别主被动）比较：比较： have some clothes to wash have some clothes to be washedShe has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解自己洗自己洗别人洗别人洗1.Im hungry. Please get me something_ (eat).2.Those who have questions _ (ask) put up
27、 your hands.3.The books _ (send) to the poor mountain areas next week have been here.to eat4. He told me about the things_ (discuss) at the next meeting.5. We have a composition _ (write).6. He has a lot of work _ (do) today, so he cant go with us.7. They have paid for the house _(build) next year.t
28、o askto be sentto doto writeto be discussedto be builtPractice: 1.I have a large house to_ .(live) 2.Please give me some paper to_ .(write) 3.Can you give me a chair to _ ? (sit)4.He is looking for a room _(live). 5.Please give me a knife _(cut). 6.Theres nothing to _. (worry)7.He has a pen to _.(wr
29、ite)8. There are 5 pairs of shoes to_.(choose)live in write on sit on注意注意:如果不定式部分的动词是不及物动词如果不定式部分的动词是不及物动词,且且与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时,则需带上相应的则需带上相应的介词介词to live into cut withworry aboutwrite withchoose from1. We are looking for a room _.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. W
30、ould you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say. please find a piece of paper （写上）（写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）（写）to write onto write withPractice2）
31、不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系）不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系 She is the last to leave the room.注意：不定式修饰的名词前有注意：不定式修饰的名词前有the only，the last，the next，序数词，序数词(first, second,.)或形容词最高级或形容词最高级形容时，常用不定式作后置定语形容时，常用不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰与其所修饰的词有的词有逻辑上逻辑上主谓关系主谓关系,Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. She is the best woman t
32、o do the job.这样的名词常用的有：这样的名词常用的有：way, time, ability, chance， reason，opportunity，need，wish，right，plan, ambition, effort, 等。等。如1.Its time for you _ up and go to school. 你该起床去上学了。 2.There is no reason _ his word. 没有理由怀疑他的话。 3.They have now an opportunity _ abroad to study further.他们现在有机会出国深造。 4. The fa
33、rmers thought of ways _ (protect) their crops.3）不定式与所修饰词的有同位关系（）不定式与所修饰词的有同位关系（前抽象后具体前抽象后具体），），即不定式短语说明前面名词或代词的内容。即不定式短语说明前面名词或代词的内容。 I have no chance to go there.to getto doubtto go to protectExercises:1.You have no right _ (stop) me from going in there.2.There are no plans _ (build) new offices.3.
34、The local clubs are making every effort _ (interest) more young people.4.There is no need for you _ (get) up early tomorrow.5.She was the only person_ (survive) after the earthquake. 6. The last man _ the sinking ship was the captain. A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. to have left to stopto buildto
35、interestto getto survive7. His wish _ a doctor came true. A. coming B. come C. to come D. came8. He is always the first _ and the last _. A. of coming, of leaving B. comes, leaves C. to come, to leave D. coming, leaving (4)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。同根名词也常用不定式做定语。 如：1.He m
36、ade an attempt to learn English well.他试图学好英语。(attempt to do sth) 2.His ability to get on with people is his chief advantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。(be able to do sth) 3.I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。(promise to do sth)5）作宾补）作宾补She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允
37、许我介绍Mr. White给你们。给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里:Verb +sb/sth + to do sth(宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系实际上是宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系)3. 他要求我与他一起工作。他要求我与他一起工作。He required me to work with him.促使）促使） Verb +sb/sth + to do sthVerb +sb/sth + to do sth吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室
38、两厅一感觉半帮助半帮助help+sb + (to) do sthI often hear them sing this song. Did you notice anyone come in ? I would have him wait for me for a long time. 注意：注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态当这类动词转为被动语态时，时， 其后的不定式则要加上其后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如：如： He is often heard _ the song He was seen _ the room. to singto enter理解：I saw someone come i
39、n.I saw someone coming in.我看到有人进来了。（已进来）我看到有人正往里来（正在走）理解：1.I saw someone come in.2.I saw someone coming in.3.He had his horse _ (jump) over the fence.4.The lady was watched _ (leave) her room silence.5.He made the boy _ (clean) room.6.Did you notice anyone _ (enter) my room?7.Though he had often mad
40、e his little sister_ (cry), today he was made _ (cry) by his little sister.8. Last night the girls were heard _ (sing) in the classroom.9. The local people were made _ (leave).10. Some children were observed _ (pick) the flowers.我看到有人进来了。（已进来）我看到有人正往里来（正在走）jumpto leavecleanentercryto cryto singto le
41、aveto pick up括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his sister _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his sister.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC
42、. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A. not to look B. to not lookC. dont look D. not look help(to) watercryto cryto be taken 1. 让，使让，使 have sb. do sth.= get 让某人做某事让某人做某事 have sth. done 让某事被做让某事被做 例：例： I have him _ (repair) my watch. =I have my watch _ (repair). have sb./ sth. doing
43、 让某人或某事一直进行某动作或保持某状态让某人或某事一直进行某动作或保持某状态 例：例： I had my car waiting outside. I wont have you smoking. 比较比较 have的用法的用法repairrepairedI had him _ (repair) my bike. = I got him _ (repair) my bike.2. It is too cold, so we have the fire _ （burn) all night long.3. She has a meeting _.(attend)4. He had me _ (
44、wait) for a long time.repairto repairburningwaitingto attendsb. to do sth.2. 有有 have sth. to do 有某事要做有某事要做 6.作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果表示目的、原因、结果I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school only to find nobody there . (目的目的) (原因原因)(结果结果) 1）不定式做目的状语，相当于用）不定式做目的状语，相当于用in o
45、rder to，so as to引导的目的状语。引导的目的状语。 He got up early to catch the first bus. 我呆在那儿想看看发生了什么。我呆在那儿想看看发生了什么。I stayed there to see what would happen.为了得到一个好座位，她早早就到了。为了得到一个好座位，她早早就到了。To get/ In order to get a good seat, she arrived early.掌握含有目的状语的几种句式： He got up early to catch the first bus.= He got up earl
46、y _ _ _ catch the first bus.=_, he got up early.=_ the first bus, he got up early.=He got up early _ _ _ he could catch the first bus.= He got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus.=He got up _ _ _ _ catch the first bus. 注：1、so as to do结构不能放于句首； 2、in order to do 结构，可以与in order that 目的状语从句转换To catch the
47、 first busIn order to catchso as toso early as toin order thatin order to作结果状语作结果状语1.He bent down _ (pick) the pen lying on the floor.2.He bent down and _ (pick) the pen lying on the ground.3.The teacher did what she could _ me with my lessons. A. help B. helps C. helped D. to help4. The doctor did
48、everything he could _ (save) the patient.5. Every minute is made full use of _ (study) our lessons.6. _ the first bus, he got up early. A. To keep up B. So as to keep up C. Keep up D. In order keep up to pickpickedto saveto study2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enough to，so + 形容词形容词/副词副词 + as to， suc
49、has to, too.to（太而不能（否定含义） ） ，only to 结构中不定式作结果状语结构中不定式作结果状语, 其中其中only to用用于表示意想不到的结果。于表示意想不到的结果。I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。He is brave enough to go out alone at nightThe question is too difficult to answer.He came late twice a week, making his boss angry.现在分词作结果状
50、语，表自然而然的结果现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果我不至于愚蠢到再相信他我不至于愚蠢到再相信他。Im not so stupid (a fool) as to believe him again.Im not such a stupid fool as to believe him again.掌握tooto的不同含义。be+形容词（副词+enough to do sth.“足以以至于可以干too to do sth.太而不能（否定含义）too + willing / ready / glad / anxious to do sth.等时，too 的意思是very的意思，此时是肯定含义“
