1、宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:翻译硕士英语翻译硕士英语科目代码科目代码：211适用专业适用专业:英语笔译英语笔译第 1 页 共 9 页Part I.Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B)Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are
2、 four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Even though he was guilty, the _ judge did not send him to prison.A. mercifulB. impartialC. conscientiousD. conspicuous2.The education _ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than whatpe
3、ople expected.A. allowanceB. reservationC. budgetD. finance3.They had fierce _ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationshipwhich was broken year ago.A. debateB. clashC. disagreementD. context4.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still could not make _o
4、fthem.A. impressionB. comprehensionC. meaningD. sense5.The politician says he will _ the welfare of the people.A. prey onB. take onC. get atD. see to6.If you _ the bottle and cigarettes, youll be much healthier.A. take offB. keep offC. get offD. set off7.He was _ to steal the money when he saw it ly
5、ing on the table.A. draggedB. temptedC. elicitedD. attracted8.Beijing somewhat short sighted, she had the habit of _ at people.A. glancingB. peeringC. gazingD. scanning9.Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the _ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming
6、10.In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the _ concern of stategovernments.A. extinctB. excludingC. excessiveD. exclusive11. The food was rather _ and needed gingering up.A. slipperyB. inscribeC. invisibleD. insipid12. I dont _expert knowledge of this subject.A. professB. c
7、onfessC. confirmD. confront13. He had no _ about his talents as a singer.A. illuminationsB. illustrationsC. allusionsD. illusions14. There is not much time left; so Ill tell you about it _.A. in detailB. in briefC. in shortD. in all15.In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before
8、 they are fully _.A. admittedB. acknowledgedC. absorbedD. considered16.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise.宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:翻译硕士英语翻译硕士英语科目代码科目代码：211适用专业适用专业:英语笔译英语笔译第 2 页 共 9 页A. being
9、thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been17.By the year 2000, scientists probably _ a cure for cancer.A. will be discoveringB. are discoveringC. will have discoveredD. have discovered18.Jim isnt _, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.A. gloomyB. dullC. awkwardD. tedious19
10、.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents_.A. commandB. convictionC. consentD. compromise20.He had _ on the subject.A. a rather strong opinionB. rather strong opinionC. rather the strong opinionD. the rather strong opinionSection B: There are 20 blanks in
11、the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked, A, B, C, and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to
12、be insensitive smellerscompared with animals, _21_ this is largely because, _22_ animals, we stand upright. This meansthat our noses are _23_ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, _24_ the majority ofsmells which stick to surfaces. In fact, _25_, we are extremely sensitive to smell
13、s, _26_ we do notgenerally realize it. Our noses are capable of _27_ human smells even when these are _28_ to farbelow one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, _29_ othersare sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be becau
14、se some people do not have the genesnecessary to generate _30_ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sensesmells and send _31_ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to acertain smell _32_ can suddenly become sensitive to it when _33_ to it o
15、ften enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it _34_ to keep all smellreceptors working all the time but can _35_ new receptors if necessary. This may _36_ explainwhy we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not _37_ of
16、the usual smell of our own house but we _38_ new smells when we visit someone elses. The brainfinds it best to keep smell receptors _39_ for unfamiliar and emergency signals _40_ the smell ofsmoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.21.A althoughB asC butD while22.A aboveB unlikeC excludingD be
17、sides23.A limitedB committedC dedicatedD confined24.A catchingB ignoringC missingD tracking25.A anywayB thoughC insteadD therefore宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:翻译硕士英语翻译硕士英语科目代码科目代码：211适用专业适用专业:英语笔译英语笔译第 3 页 共 9 页26.A even ifB if onlyC only ifD as if27.
18、A distinguishingB discoveringC determiningD detecting28.A dilutedB dissolvedC determiningD diffused29.A whenB sinceC forD whereas30.A unusualB particularC uniqueD typical31.A signsB stimuliC messagesD impulses32.A at firstB at allC at largeD at times33.A subjectedB leftC drawnD exposed34.A ineffecti
19、veB incompetentC inefficientD insufficient35.A introduceB summonC triggerD create36.A stillB alsoC otherwiseD nevertheless37.A sureB sickC awareD tired38.A tolerateB repelC neglectD notice39.A availableB reliableC identifiableD suitable40.A similar toB such asC along withD aside fromPart IIReading C
20、omprehension (40 points: 220)Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You are expected to makethe best choice.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Moral resp
21、onsibility is all very well, but what about military orders? Is it not the soldiers firstduty to give instant obedience to orders given by his military superiors? And apart from duty, will notthe soldier suffer severe punishment, even death, if he refuses to do what he is ordered to do? If, then, as
22、oldier is told by his superior to burn this house or to shoot that prisoner, how can he be held criminallyaccountable on the ground that the burning or shooting was a violation of the laws of war?These are some of the questions that are raised by the concept commonly called “superior orders”,and its
23、 use as a defense in war crimes trials. It is an issue that must be as old as the laws of warthemselves, and it emerged in legal guise over three centuries ago when, after the Stuart restoration in1660, the commander of the guards at the trial and execution of Charles I was put on trial for treasona
24、nd murder. The officer defended himself on the ground “that all he did was as a soldier, by thecommand of his superior officer whom he must obey or die,” but the court gave him short shrift, sayingthat “when the command is traitorous, then the obedience to that command is also traitorous.”Though not
25、 precisely articulated, the rule that is necessarily implied by this decision is that it is thesoldiers duty to obey lawful orders, but that he may disobeyand indeed must, under somecircumstancesunlawful orders. Such has been the law of the United States since the birth of thenation. In 1804, Chief
26、Justice John Marshall declared that superior orders will justify a subordinatesconduct only “if not to perform a prohibited act”, and there are many other early decisions to the same宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:翻译硕士英语翻译硕士英语科目代码科目代码：211适用专业适用专业:英语笔译英语笔
27、译第 4 页 共 9 页effect.A strikingly illustrative case occurred in the wake of that conflict of which most Englishmen havenever heard (although their troops burned the White House) and which we call the War of 1812. Ourcountry was badly split by that war too and, at a time when the United States Navy was
28、 not especiallypopular in New England, the ship-in-the-line Independence was lying in Boston Harbor. A pass-bydirected abusive language at a marine standing guard on the ship, and the marine, Bevans by name, ranhis bayonet through the man. Charged with murder, Bevans produced evidence that the marin
29、es on theIndependence had been ordered to bayonet anyone showing them disrespect. The case was tried beforeJustice Joseph Story, next to Marshall, the leading judicial figure of those years, who charged that anysuch order as Bevans had invoked “would be illegal and void”, and, if given and put into
30、practice, boththe superior and the subordinate would be guilty of murder. In consequence, Bevans was convicted.The order allegedly given to Bevans was pretty drastic, and Boston Harbor was not a battlefield;perhaps it was not too much to expect the marine to realize that literal compliance might lea
31、d to badtrouble. But it is only too easy to conceive of circumstances where the matter might not be at all clear.Does the subordinate obey at peril that the order may later be ruled illegal, or is protected unless he hasa good reason to doubt its validity?41. It can be inferred from Para. 1 that if
32、a soldier obeys his superiors order to burn a house or to kill aprisoner, _.A. he is right according to moral standardsB. he should not receive any punishmentC. he should certainly be liable for his actionD. he will be convicted according to the law of war42. What was the rule implied by the trail o
33、f the commander of the guards?A. A soldier must obey lawful orders, be he right or wrong.B. Even if an order is unlawful, the soldier must still obey it.C. A soldier may or must disobey unlawful orders or he must die.D. It is the soldiers duty to obey superior orders whatever they are.43. The phrase
34、 “to the same effect” (Line 6, Para.3) most probably means “which”_.A. are of the similar meaningB. have the same purposeC. must be put into effectD. lead to the same result44. According to the fourth paragraph, Bevans was found guilty because he _.A. obey illegal ordersB. was accused of murderC. di
35、sobeyed the superior ordersD. offended against the law of war45. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the authors attitude towards Bevans was _.A. bewilderingB. indignantC. approvingD. not quite sympatheticQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Americans today dont place a
36、 very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers,and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:翻译硕士英语翻译硕士英语科目代码科目代码：211适用专业适用专业:英语笔译英语笔译第 5 页 共 9 页ed
37、ucation not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasiveanti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” sayseducation writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbala
38、nce.” Razitchs latest book, Left Back:A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concludingthey are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of
39、the mind leaves themvulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas andunderstand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along thispath, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We
40、 will have a less civilsociety.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and Professor RichardHofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots ofanti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the begi
41、nning of our history, saysHofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities thananything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transc
42、endentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorousbook learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitationrooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” MarkTwains Huckleberry Finn exemplified America
43、n anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized,going to school and learning to read, so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantlyadmire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side
44、of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp,manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes andimagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our countrys educationalsystem is in the grips of people who “joyfully and mi
45、litantly proclaim their hostility to intellect andtheir eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”46. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A. The habit of thinking independently.B. Profound knowledge of the worldC. Practical abilities
46、 for future career.D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.47. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of _.A. undervaluing intellectB. favoring intellectualismC. supporting school reformD. suppressing native intelligence48. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are _.A.
47、identicalB. similarC. complementaryD. opposite宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:翻译硕士英语翻译硕士英语科目代码科目代码：211适用专业适用专业:英语笔译英语笔译第 6 页 共 9 页49. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _.A. a pioneer of education reformB. an opponent of intellectualismC. a scho
48、lar in favor of intellectD. an advocate of regular schooling50. What does the author think of intellect?A. It is second to intelligence.B. It evolves from common sense.C. It is to be pursuedD. It underlies power.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:There are good reasons to be troub
49、led by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies,television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask whatswrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence
50、are complex. A 1993 study by theU.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and communityfactors” as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute toviolent behavior in certain individual
