1、英语必修4（人教版）第四学时GrammarUnit 4Body language 语 法 精 讲动词ing形式作状语动词ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句。动词ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Hearing the news，they immediately set off for Shanghai.When they heard the news，they immediately set off for Shanghai. 语 法 精 讲听到这个消息，
2、他们立即动身去上海。Having turned off the TV set，he began to go over his lessons.After turning off the TV set，he began to go over his lessons.关掉电视机以后，他便开始复习功课。 语 法 精 讲2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill，he didnt go to school yesterday.Since he was ill，he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。Not knowing how to g
3、et there，I had to ask the way.As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。 语 法 精 讲3表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons，you will succeed.If you work hard at your lessons，you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 语 法 精 讲4表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass，st
4、aring at the sky for a long time.He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 语 法 精 讲5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Having failed for many times，they still didnt give up.Although they had failed for many times，they still didnt give up.尽管他们失败了很多次，他们还是不放弃。 语 法 精 讲6表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 The
5、child fell，striking his head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，在门上碰破了头。注意如果动词ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，用其完成式(having done)。 语 法 精 讲Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.由于看见家里没人，他决定给他们留一张便条。Having finished his homework，he went fishing.做完作业后，他就去钓鱼了。是使用现在分词的
6、主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。 Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式) 语 法 精 讲Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)有些动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般说来”；judging by/from.“从 判断” ；takingeverythingintoconsideration“总的说来”。Generally speaking，adults know more than teenagers.一般说来，成年人比十几岁的孩子懂得多。 语 法 精 讲动词ing形式的否定形式是在动词ing形式之前加not。Not having received his reply，I rang him up again.没有收到他的回音，我又给他打了一个电话。
