1、 20XX 年度本科生毕业论文（设计） 试析野性的呼唤中巴克的象征意义 院 系：外国语学院_ 专 业：英 语_ _ 年 级：XXX _ 学生姓名：XXX _ 学 号：XXX_ 导师及职称：XX（副教授）_ 20XX 年 X 月 20XX Annual Graduation Thesis (Project) of the College Undergraduate An Analysis of Bucks Symbolism in The Call of the Wild Department: College of Foreign Languages Major: English Grade:
2、 20XX Student Name: Yang Chunrong Student No.: 20XXX1060059 Tutor: Associate Professor Li Jian Finished by April, 20XX 毕业论文（设计）原创性声明 本人所呈交的毕业论文（设计）是我在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取 得的研究成果。据我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文（设计）不包 含其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本论文（设计）的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体，均已在文中作了明确说明并表示谢意。 作者签名： 日期： 毕业论文（设计）授权使用说明 本论文（设计）作者完全
3、了解 XX 学院有关保留、使用毕业论文（设计）的 规定，学校有权保留论文（设计）并向相关部门送交论文（设计）的电子版和纸 质版。有权将论文（设计）用于非赢利目的的少量复制并允许论文（设计）进入 学校图书馆被查阅。学校可以公布论文（设计）的全部或部分内容。保密的论文 （设计）在解密后适用本规定。 作者签名： 指导教师签名： 日期： 日期： X XXXXX 毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会( (答辩小组答辩小组) )成员名单成员名单 姓名 职称 单位 备注 主席（组长） XX 学院本科毕业论文 (设计) 摘要摘要 杰克.伦敦是美国著名的作家，他的作品不仅在美国本土广泛流传，而且
4、受到 世界各国人民的喜爱。他的作品有着与众不同的风格，因为它们充满筋肉暴突的 生活和阳刚之气，且有着深刻的思想内涵，尤其是野性的呼唤 。 在这部作品中，杰克伦敦将自然、社会环境、现实生活和人们的心理活动 巧妙地融合在一起来体现自己当时代的想法和体会，因此这部小说也被誉为“会 说话的作品” 。然而，其实在这部小说中作者不仅成功地通过人，也通过动物的 经历和变化来映射出当时社会生活的残酷以及作者对当时现实生活的无奈。 其中小说中叫巴克的狗就是这样典型的动物。杰克伦敦笔下的巴克已经不 再是一条普普通通的狗，而应该是一个人的缩影。原本在南方享受着贵族待遇的 巴克，突然惨遭拐卖，之后，开始了他坎坷而残酷
5、的生活：他每天都要为自己的 生活不断地学习，竞争，奋斗，此外，为自己的生活他还不得不尝试做一些之前 从未做过的行为和努力。他不是人，但却具有人的情感，行为和潜能。在不同于 之前生活的环境里，他发现自己的不足并努力学习，遇到困难努力战胜，得到帮 助后又懂得感恩，听取自己内心的呼唤，回归自然，找到自己真正想要的生活， 追求生命的真正价值。 可以说巴克是当时社会劳动者的代表，是作者的影子。作者通过用象征的手 法， 用一只不会说话狗象征出人们应对生活积极追求；用巴克的经历佐证了生存 能力、忍耐力和战胜对手能力的重要性。总之，文中的巴克所赋有的象征意义， 深刻引发读者对生活和生命意义的无限思考及反思。
6、关键词关键词：环境；本性；变化；努力；人性；象征意义 XX 学院本科毕业论文 (设计) ABSTRACT Jack London was famous for his works, which is spread widely not only in the United States, but also all over the world. His works is very distinctive, full of rich experience of life, masculinity and having profound thought connotation, especiall
7、y the works of The Call of the Wild. It was known as “a talking masterpiece”, mainly because Jack London succeeded in his combination of nature, social environment, the real life and peoples heart activity to express his own thought and experience in this work and life. Meanwhile Jack London showed
8、the cruelty of social life and his frustration to the real life through characters as well as an animal. A dog named Buck is such a typical animal in the novel. Buck is not an ordinary dog any more. To some extent, it is the epitome of the author of the novel. Originally Buck enjoyed the living like
9、 a lord in the south, but he had to begin his miserable and rough life after he was sold to north. There he had to struggle for s living. It must be admitted that Buck was a dog, but he had his own emotions like other characters in the novel. After being brought to the North, he overcame all the dif
10、ficulties he encountered and came to know how to appreciate others who had offered him a hand. Buck is the epitome of laborers at that time. And it is indicated in the novel that man should have positive attitude to life. In addition, man should tolerate all the difficulties and brave enough to over
11、come them in the end. In short, the symbolism of Buck from this work, it deeply initiated the readers thinking and reflection to the meaning of life. Keywords: environment; nature; change; endeavor; humanity; symbolism XX 学院本科毕业论文 (设计) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 A Brief Introduction
12、 to Jack London and his works . 4 1.2 A Brief Introduction of the content . 2 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Domestic Research 5 2.2 Overseas Research 6 2.3 Summary . 6 3 THE INFLUENCE OF ENVERIONMENT ON THE BUCKS FATE . 7 3.1 Buck in the Superior Environment . 7 3.2 Buck in the Harsh Environment 8 4 BUC
13、KS HUMAN NATURE . 10 4.1 Strong SelfEsteem . 10 4.1.1 When he was sold by Manuel, he showed his self esteem 10 4.1.2 When he saw the snow the first time, he showed his self esteem . 10 4.2 High Expectation 11 4.2.1 Buck hoped he still living with Judge . 11 4.2.2 Buck hoped Thornton was still alive
14、11 4.2.3 Buck hoped to return the nature and obtain long-awaited liberty . 11 4.3 Sincere Gratitude. . 12 4.3.1 Buck got into the trouble and he was saved by Thornton . 12 4.3.2 Bucks reward Thornton for Thornton saved him . 12 4.4 Survival Ability . 13 5 BUCKS SYMBOLISM . 15 5.1 Reflecting Jacks Ag
15、e 15 5.1.1 People actively participate in the gold rush 15 5.1.2 The great depression terribly affected people . 16 XX 学院本科毕业论文 (设计) 5.2 Yearning for a Better Life . 16 5.2.1 When Buck heard the call of the wolves, he was full of hope 16 5.2.2 People should be full of hope for their life . 17 5.3 Re
16、alizing the Value of the Life . 17 6 CONCLUSIONS. 19 REFFERENCE 20 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . 21 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 A Brief Introduction to Jack London and his works Jack London was born on January 12th, 1876 in San Francisco. He was famous INTRODUCTION 2 for his lots of outstanding and meaningful works. Jac
17、k London enjoyed great popularity in Modern American literature and World literature. As we all know, his works was very popular in the world, like the story The Call of the Wild, which was recognized the world literature. After graduating from a primary school when he was fourteen years old, he qui
18、t his school and began to work owing to his poverty. At first, Jack London worked as a newsboy, also worked in a canning factory. Probably the salary of these jobs were poor, he became a sailor at the age of 17 years old when he showed his interest in sailing. It was during the time that he experien
19、ced what he had not confronted before and he made lots of friends, from whom he heard many interesting and horrible stories. Then, he succeeded in writing an essay after he came back from the sailing. The success led him to making further efforts in literature. To enrich his experiences to write, he
20、 determined to try more careers: to be an electrician and to participate in a team of gold rush. Even he was arrested and put into a prison. It was there that he witnessed the horrifying reality of American prisons. All these various experiences made a great contribution to his works. His collection
21、s like The War of the Class and The Human Drift were very popular. Especial the former was published three times within the year of 1905. Besides these, he had many famous novels, like The Seal Wolf, The Son of the Wolf, The White Fang and The Call of the Wild. They have something in common, which i
22、s to reflect the social reality through animals. The Call of the Wild was so popular that it is the first best-seller book of Jack London. The Call of the Wild was not only adapted and translated, but also it was made into movies. 1.2 A Brief Introduction of the content 1.2.1 The life with the first
23、 master in the south Buck used to belong to Judge Miller who was his first master. They were living in a valley of the warmth south. When he lived with the Judge, he needed only to get along with his masters that played together everyday. Meanwhile Buck was absolutely free at that time, because he r
24、uled over this great demesne. He was a king here. So, he XX 学院本科毕业论文 (设计) 3 could live so comfortably in the south. 1.2.2 The life with his second masters in the south One day, the Judge was at a meeting of the Raisin Growers Association, and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club. Manuel, o
25、ne of the gardeners helpers of Millers, stole Buck and sold him to two strangers. The two strangers used a violence to keep Buck calm. And then Buck knew nothing when the train was flagged and the two men threw him into the baggage car. Buck had a rough time before he was sold to the north. 1.2.3 Th
26、e life with his third masters in the north After that, the two strangers sold Buck to two French- Canadians: Francois and Perrault, they were messengers of Canadian government. Now Buck lived in the cold north with Francois and Perrault. This was his first time that he left south so many things were
27、 strange for him. Since he came to north, he was always bullied by other dogs. For instance, a dog named Spitz trespassed on the place of sleep; some dogs stole his little food And his masters always hurt him. Buck was gave little food, arranged more works than he could do from his masters. Slowly,
28、he found that he needed change. He started to learn how to steal the food, and how to fight with other dogs to get what he wanted. Because all of these changes, he won the leadership of the dog team. 1.2.4 The life with his fourth masters in the north The fact that Francois and Perrault overworked t
29、heir dogs and they died gradually one by one resulted in their sell of Buck and their peers to Hal, Charles and Mercedes. The three Americans didnt know any skills or ways about how to use sledges, and how to live better in the snow king. Buck always had a good appetite, but he was starved all the t
30、ime because his masters didnt have enough food for them. One day, the three Americans almost let the dog team destroy completely, because they were preoccupied with when they can arrive at the destination as soon as possible. 1.2.5 The life with his last master in the north Fortunately, Buck success
31、fully passed through the hands of three masters before INTRODUCTION 4 he met Thornton. Under his last masters help, he even lived better than with Judge. Thornton saved Buck from the three Americans treating. They were always playing together and helping each other all the time. Buck deeply felt the
32、 humans true love from Thorntons kindness that leads him to love. To some extent, the terrible life left a deep impact on Bucks heart, so he knew appreciation. After Thornton died, he returned the nature to be a leader in a group of wolves ultimately. XX 学院本科毕业论文 (设计) 5 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Since The
33、 Call of the Wild was published a century ago, it has constantly been adapted and translated. In addition to it, some scholars research it from the perspective s of realism, romanticism and romanticism. 2.1 Domestic Research Since the The Call of the Wild came out in 1903, some Chinese scholars main
34、ly researched it from realism and romanticism. Realism is one of the most ordinary terminologies of literal criticism and literature researches. The real objective is to reproduce the social reality; this is the most fundamental part of definition to realism. From the perspective of realism, Wu Qion
35、g thought The Call of the Wild fully embodied the two important aspects of realism literature: personalized typical characters and the representation of typical environment. He thought Bucks life to reflect the real life of at the time. They were the nature of social reproduction (An analysis of the
36、 typical realism creation of two aspects of The Call of the wild, 2002). Some scholars thought The Call of the Wild told people how a dog named Buck turned to a wild beat from a house pet. The writers tried to analyze the realism and the social realism in The Call of the Wild from the angle of their
37、 definition (The theory of realism in the reflection of The Call of the wild, 2001). Romanticism emphasized those aspects: individual, subjective, irrational and imaginative and so on. Zhou Tiannan and Tang Junli thought that Jack Londons work was full of the characteristics of naturalism and romant
38、icism, and they were not conflicted with each other. Zhou Tiannan and Tang Junli described the romanticism between Buck and environment. The dog had human nature, and the environment had the different emotions to change Buck. This opinion was from their research (The Romantic legend Under the Natura
39、lism, 2013). Besides, Li Aiquan described the romanticism from Bucks living condition. He thought The Call of the Wild, not only included realism, but it also combined romanticism (An analysis of The Call of the LITERATURE REVIEW 6 Wild Realism and the perfect combination of romanticism, 2002). 2.2
40、Overseas Research There were some foreigners researches about The Call of the Wild. The mainly researched the naturalism about it. As a literary movement, naturalism has played a significant role in the American literature, even in the Western Europe. Naturalistic applies essentially the principle o
41、f scientific determinism to create the novel. Abranam Rothberg used the method of comparison to describe the relationship between environment and animals. He told the readers that the animals always have their way of life in the different natural environment. Besides, the author pointed out that gen
42、etic and environmental factors have double effects on the animals life (Introduction to the Wild and White Fangb, 1984). In addition, Lin Guimei came to the point that Jacks book about creation of Buck image reflected Darwins “The survival of the fittest in the natural selection” theory. This thesis
43、 analyzed naturalistic tendency of The Call of the Wild from the three aspects: naturalistic elements, themes and contents. At the same time, this thesis told readers to deal with the relationship between human and nature (The Call of the Wild Naturalism Interpretation, 2013). 2.3 Summary From what
44、was said above, it can be found that most of the scholars inside and outside China researched The Call of the Wild from realism, romanticism and naturalism. However, this thesis is mainly to analyze Bucks symbolism in The Call of the Wild in the hope that it can contribute to a deeper understanding
45、of the work from another perspective of the symbolism of Buck. XX 学院本科毕业论文 (设计) 7 3 THE INFLUENCE OF ENVERIONMENT ON THE BUCKS FATE 3.1 Buck in the Superior Environment Firstly, he had a comfortable living environment. When he lived in the Judge Millers house, he was happy. “Buck lived at a big hous
46、e in the sun- kissed Santa Clara valley. Judge Millers place, it was called through which glimpses could be caught oh the wide” (Jack London, 1903, p.1). All of things here belonged to Buck. So he could lie down anywhere as long as he wants. Secondly, he was a powerful king. “And over this great dem
47、esne Buck ruled. Here he was born, and here he had lived the four years. It was true, there were other dogs, but there could not but be other dogs on so vast a place, but they did not count” (Jack London, 1903, p.2). And “Nevertheless, one hundred and forty pounds, to which was added the dignity tha
48、t comes of good living and respect, enabled him to carry himself in right royal fashion” (Jack London, 1903, p.3). Because of he was like a king in the manor of Judge Miller that he lived a life of privilege. And other dogs were terribly afraid of him. Thirdly, he was free. “He joined the boys in th
49、eir swimming and went hunting with them. Often he looked after the Judges two daughters, Mollie and Alice, when they went out for nightly walks. On the winter, he would lie at the Judges feet beside a warm fire”(Jack London, 1903, p.2). Seemingly, he needed to worry nothing. What he need do was to play with his host just for fun. Sometimes, he walked with the old Judge. Sometimes, he hunted with the son of the Judge. Even he swam with t
