1、考研翻译考研翻译基础篇基础篇l考研翻译是什么?l2010. 46. (page 181, passage 14) lScientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. lrescue 营救,拯救ldistinctly 明显地lshaky 摇晃的lto the effect that 大意是,意思是 linsects 昆虫lScientists jumped to
2、 the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. l1. 科学家跳到了营救,带着一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说: 昆虫将吃光我们,如果鸟失败控制它们.l1) “带着证据”显然不符合汉语习惯,l ”用(使用)证据l2) if引导的条件状语从句,“昆虫将,如果”l ”如果昆虫将”l3) “失败” ”不能(做)” l2. 科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的 证据,大意是说:如果鸟不能控制昆虫,昆虫 将
3、吃光我们.l科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:如果鸟不能控制昆虫,昆虫将吃光我们. l“跳到了营救” 显然不符合汉语表达l“摇晃的证据”亦不属于中文表述. l科学家急忙介入, 但提出的证据显然站不住脚, 这l些证据大意是, 如果鸟类不能控制昆虫数量, 昆虫l便会吞噬我们人类. (官方参考译文)可接受译法不可接受译法jump to the rescue迅速/急忙来救援(营救)跳起来营救shaky 不可靠的,站不住脚的摇动的,颤抖的l考研翻译就是”自己理解和使人理解” l使人理解? =则取决于你的表达表达 l考研翻译是什么? l考研翻译考研翻译= 理解理解 + 表达表达 l1
4、. 理解: 难 ! 2. 表达: 也不易,哎 l理解与表达理解与表达, 哪个更重要哪个更重要? l2010. 47. (page 181, passage 14) lBut we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. ldrawn (draw) 拉, 画, 推断; 向.移动, 挨近li
5、ntrinsic 固有的, 内在的, 本质的lregardless of 不管, 不顾 lBut we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. l 但是我们已经至少挨近一个观点, 承认鸟应该l继续作为一种固有权利的东西, 不管对我们的经l济优势的存在或者缺失. l1) “鸟应该继续作为一
6、种固有权利的东西” l ”鸟应该作为一种有权利的东西继续(活)下去”l ”鸟应该有继续(活下去)的权利.” l2) “经济优势” ”经济利益” l3) “不管对我们的经济优势的存在或者缺失. “l 不管它们对我们是否存在经济利益. lBut we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
7、l 但我们至少已经挨近了一个观点, 承认鸟应l该有继续活下去的权利,不管它们对我们是否l存在经济利益. (正确) l 但我们至少近乎承认, 无论鸟类能否带给l我们经济价值, 它们自有生存下去的权利. l(官方参考译文) l评分参考评分参考lII. 阅读理解lC节: 5小题,每题2分,共10分.l如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意思,该句得 分最多不超过0.5分. l 明显扭曲原文 理解错误理解正确, 但严重不符合汉语表达, 酌情扣分 (一般扣0.5) 理解更重要理解更重要l如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法,若均正确,得分; 如果其中一个译法有错,按错误译法评分.l中文错别字不个别扣分,按整
8、篇累计扣分.在不影响意思的前提下,满三个错别字扣0.5分,无0.25扣分.l如何理解考研翻译中的长难句如何理解考研翻译中的长难句? l句子的构成句子的构成: 词汇词汇 + 句法句法 l考研翻译解题核心策略考研翻译解题核心策略: 拆分拆分 l什么是拆分什么是拆分? l长难句拆成短句长难句拆成短句,化繁为简化繁为简l怎么拆分怎么拆分? l拆分拆分1: 找出主干找出主干, 拆开句子主干拆开句子主干 & 修饰修饰 l什么是句子主干? l句子的主干句子的主干: 主主 谓谓 宾宾l Insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. lUnde
9、r modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (2000.71, passage 4) lvarying 多种多样的,不同的lcentralized 集中的,中央的 lspecialized 专业的,专门的loperational (操作的, 经营的) research 运筹学 l句子的主干句子的主
10、干: 主主 谓谓 宾宾lUnder modern conditions, this (主) requires (谓) varying measures (宾语中心词) of centralized control and hence the help (宾语中心词) of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (宾) l什么是句子修饰?l句子的修饰句子的修饰: 定定 状状 补补lUnder modern conditions (状语), this requires varying
11、(定语) measures of centralized control (定语) and hence the help of specialized scientists (定语) such as economists and operational research experts (定语). l2007. 46. (page 178, passage 11) lTraditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than
12、a necessary part of intellectual equipment of an educated person. linstitutions (教育,宗教)机构; 制度; lpreserve 专有活动(范围)lintellectual 知识的,智力的 lTraditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of intellectual equipment of an
13、educated person. l主语legal learning, l谓语has been viewed as, l宾语the special preserve of lawyers, & a lnecessary part of intellectual equipment lof an educated person. lrather than是并列连词, 后面的句子成分也l是宾语, (经典的 A of B of C 结构).lin such institutions 是地点状语.l拆分长句拆分长句,除了有助理解除了有助理解&表达表达,还可以有助还可以有助?l得分得分.lTraditi
14、onally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as / the special preserve of lawyers, / rather than a necessary part of intellectual equipment of an educated person. lTraditionally, legal learning has been viewed in l 0.5分分lsuch institutions as / the special preserve ofl 0.5分分llawyers, /
15、 rather than a necessary part of l 1分分 lintellectual equipment of an educated person. l拆分点和评分点基本或完全重合拆分点和评分点基本或完全重合 !可接受译法可接受译法不可接受译法不可接受译法institution大学,机构legal learning 法律学习,学习法律合法的学习special preserve of lawyers 律师的特权,律师的特有领域专门为律师服务,作为特殊的律师intellectual equipment 知识储备,知识体系知识装备,知识设备,智力工具,智力实验传统上传统上, 这
16、些院校一直把法律学习看成是律师专有的特这些院校一直把法律学习看成是律师专有的特权权,而不是每一个受教育的人的必备的知识才能而不是每一个受教育的人的必备的知识才能. (官方官方参考译文参考译文)l2002. 63. (page 174, passage 6) lThe role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintainin
17、g the behavior of individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. lselection 选择levolution 进化lformulate 规划, 明确的表达lselective 选择的 lThe role of natural selection in evolution / was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, / and the selective role of the environment in shaping a
18、nd maintaining the behavior of individual / is only beginning to be recognized and studied. l两个并列的简单句; l第1个句子主语 The role of natural selection in evolution, 其主语中心词是 the role, 介词短语of natural in evolution修饰the role; l谓语 was formulated; 而only a years ago则是时间状语; l第2个句子主语the selective role of the environm
19、ent in shaping .individual, 谓语 is only beginning to be recognized and studied. lThe role of natural selection in evolution l 0.5分分l/ was formulated only a little more than a l 0.5分分lhundred years ago, / and the selective l 0.5分分lrole of the environment in shaping and lmaintaining the behavior of ind
20、ividual /lis only beginning to be recognized and sudied.l 0.5分分 可接受译法可接受译法不可接受译法不可接受译法in evolution 演化中进行过程中, 进化论中,formulate阐述, 表达, 解释, 揭示公式化, 形成shaping 塑造,造就,形成形状maintaining 维护维修 recognize承让,认可,意识到发现, 认出, 看到自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才被阐明自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才被阐明,而而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始
21、被认识和研究被认识和研究. (官方参考译文官方参考译文) lThe role was formulated. l简单句: 只有一个主语 (或并列主语) 和一个谓语 (或并列谓语);lThe role was formulated, and the selective role is only beginning to be recognized and studied. l并列句: 由并列连词把两个(两个以上)的简单句连在一起l考研翻译的句子基本都是复合句考研翻译的句子基本都是复合句l拆分拆分2: 拆开拆开 “主句主句 & 从句从句”l复合句: 由一个主句和一个 (一个以上) 的从句构成; l
22、主句是全句的主体,可以独立存在; l从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分,它有自己的主语l和谓语, 但从句不能独立存在; lThat China is a hotbed for piracy is nothing new. (MSN) hotbed 温床lThat China is a hotbed for piracy is nothing new. (MSN) 主语从句 lPrivately, the Chinese concede that piracy is rampant. (CNN) concede 承认, rampant 猖獗的lPrivately, the Chinese conce
23、de that piracy is rampant. 宾语从句lThe problem is not that they dont understand piracy. lThe problem is not that they dont understand piracy. 表语从句 lChina has also launched a website making piracy cases public. (BBC) launch 开办lChina has also launched a website making piracy cases public. (BBC) launch 开办
24、l定语从句lThe study provides an estimation of losses due to piracy in 2015 if no significant measures are adopted to tackle piracy. (UNESCO) lestimation 估计, tackle 解决 lThe study provides an estimation of losses due to piracy in 2015 if no significant measures are adopted to tackle piracy.l(条件) 状语从句 l无论主
25、语从句主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,还是同位语同位语从句从句,由于它们在整个复合句中句子成分与名词的句子成分是一样的, 因此它们都是名词性从句名词性从句. l在整个复合句中充当定语, 起形容词作用的从句叫定语从句定语从句.l在整个复合句中充当状语, 起副词作用的从句叫状语从句状语从句. l2002. 61. (page 174, passage 6) lOne difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mi
26、nd, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. lbehavioral (behavior) 行为的ltrace 追溯, 追踪, 探究ltrait 特性, 特点 lOne difficulty is / that almost all of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior / to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so son. l
27、整个复合句中, 主句是 One difficulty is thatlthat 引导一个宾语从句(表语从句), 其主语是 almost science, 其中包含了一个主语从句 what is called behavioral sciencelwhat除了引导从句之外, 还要在它所引导的从句中充当句子成分(主语/宾语), 其意义相当于that which 或the thing(s) which. l谓语是 continues to traceto, l宾语是 behavior, states of mindand so on. lOne difficulty is that almost a
28、ll of what is called behavioral science / 1分分 continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. / 1分分 l难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依旧从心态, 情感, 性格特征, 人性等方面去找行为的根源. (官方参考译文) l2002. 62. (page 174, passage 6) lThe behavioral sciences have been slow to change par
29、tly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. lbehavioral (behavior) 行为的lexplanatory (explain) 解释的litem 条款, 项目, 一条, 一项 lobserve 观察 lThe behavioral sciences have been slow to change / partly because the expl
30、anatory items often seem to be directly observed / and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. l整个复合句中, 主句是 The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because 引导一个(原因)状语从句, 其主语是the explanatory items, 谓语 seem to be directly observed; and partly because 引导另一个(原因
31、)状语从句, 其主语是other kinds of explanations, 谓语have been, 宾语hard, 宾补to find. lThe behavioral sciences have been slow to change / 0.5分分 partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed / 1分分 and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. / 0.5分分 l行为科学之所以发展缓慢,
32、 部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察获得的, 部分原因是其他方面的解释方式一直难以找到. (官方参考译文) l2002. 64. (page 174, passage 6) lThey are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achi
33、evements. lpossession 拥有, 财产, 所有lautonomous 自制的,自主的, lcredit 信用, 信誉, 信任, 学分lachievements 业绩, 成就 lThey are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, / and they are essential to practices / in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for h
34、is achievements. l整个句子由两个并列句构成, 第1个并列句是1个简单句 They are possession traditional theory,l第2个并列句是一个复合句, 其主句是 they are essential to practices, 后面是 which引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词practices, 定语从句中, 主语是a person, 后面有2个并列的谓语部分: is held responsible and given creditlThey are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing
35、) man of traditional theory, / 0.5分分 and they are essential to practices / 0.5分分 in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. / 1分分l自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提. (官方参考译文) If you accept the fact that piracy is a problem, governm
36、ent needs to do something. l()lIf you accept the fact that piracy is a problem, government needs to do something. (条件)状语从句 & 同位语从句lJaxon Rice said that while South Africas piracy problem is not as bad as that in China or Brazil, it still presents significant problems. (BBC) lJaxon Rice said that whi
37、le South Africas piracy problem is not as bad as that in China or Brazil, it still presents significant problems. l宾语从句 & (让步)状语从句 lThe companies hope that this technology will discourage casual piracy in which CD tracks are converted in MP3 audio files . (BBC) ltracks (录制在CD,唱片或磁带上的) 歌曲 ldiscourage
38、 阻止, convert 转换lThe companies hope that this technology will discourage casual piracy in which CD tracks are converted in MP3 audio files . l宾语从句 & 定语从句 l三大从句的任意组合三大从句的任意组合 l例例1: l2009. 49 (page 180, passage 13) lSince our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we canno
39、t help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. l business 商业, 生意 , 事务, 事情l power 能力, 力量, 权力 lSince our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life / we cannot help considering / whether or not we are forming the powers (which will
40、 secure this ability). l整个复合句中, Sincelife是原因状语从句; l其主语是our chief business, 谓语是is, l宾语是to enablelife; lwe cannotability是主句; 其主语是we, 谓语是lcannot help considering, l宾语是whether引导的宾语从句; l宾语从句中,主语是we,谓语是are forming,宾语是lpower;lwhich will secure this ability是定语从句,修饰the lpower; lSince our chief business with
41、them is to enable them to share in a common life / 0.5分分 we cannot help considering / 0.5分分 whether or not we are forming the powers / 0.5分分 which will secure this ability. / 0.5分分 l由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融, 因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量. (官方参考译文)l三大从句的组合三大从句的组合 l例例2: l1997. 71 (page 170, passa
42、ge 3) lActually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. lassume 假设, 承担, 认为lagreed 同意的, 一致的laccount 账户, 账单, 描述, 报道, 理由, 认识lActually, it isnt, / because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / whi
43、ch is something (the world does not have.)l整个复合句中, 主句是 Actually, it isnt.lbecause it have. 是原因状语从句.l状语从句中, it 是主语, assume 是谓语, that 引导l一个宾语从句 there is have.l宾语从句中, which have 是一个定语从句, l修饰 an agreed account, l定语从句中, 含有一个省略了引导词that/whichl的定语从句 the world does not have, 修饰lsomething. l事实并非如此, 因为(这种问法)是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的, 而这种共识并不存在. (官方参考译文)
