1、培训培训1 1英文图表材料阅读培训外语与贸易分院 图形描述题的难点之一是难以在短时间内找出该题需要表达的重点，缺少书面表达的语言和亮点。对于题型出现的这些难点，有一些相应的建议： 寻觅小作文需要表达的重点寻觅小作文需要表达的重点 了解图形的分类规律了解图形的分类规律 准备必要的表达方式准备必要的表达方式1、寻觅小作文需要表达的重点 见到图形表达题，你心中就需要思考这个图形题需要表述的重点在哪里。 作答时先说明再梳理数据。 文章的主句应该对文章要表达的趋势，量的大小作出说明，相关的数据则补充在后面。如何表达图表如何表达图表2、了解图形的分类规律如何表达图表如何表达图表动态趋势图动态趋势图静态数据
2、图静态数据图流程图和地图流程图和地图图表 线形图：line graph 柱状图：bar chart 饼图：pie chart 表格：table 流程图：flow chart 地图：mapA. A. 表格图表格图 1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 2纵向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 3无需将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值，对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的 说明：说明：考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。B. 曲线图曲线图 1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进行说明 2趋势说明: 对图
3、表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平 3交点说明: 对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明 说明：说明：关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势，学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类的总分类，使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据！可以使用一些比较native的单词和短语来描述trend。C. 饼状图 1介绍各扇面及总体的关系 2各个扇面之间的比
4、较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较 3重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的D. 柱状图 1.比较: similarity 2.对比: difference 3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征E. 流程图 首先说明：做什么工作的过程，目的是什么 2 准备工作 3 按时间/过程先后描述 4 结果 5 简单总结 说明：说明：注意流程图里的“因果关系因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后承前启后”关系；表达每一流程的主体内容，阐明这种关系；揭示其内在联系或规律；最后，给予简要归纳和总结。F. 实物/器具工作过程 1 实物的名称，功能 2 基本结构 3 工作
5、过程 4 简单总结G. 综合图 1不求甚解，不拘泥于细节2分门别类，分段落详细介绍各个图表 3不画蛇添足，主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系3、准备必要的表达方式如何表达图表如何表达图表上升（v） increase rise go up grow jump climb What about their noun forms?下降（v） decrease decline go down fall drop 趋势 (名词)：trend/ tendency修饰上升下降（v）的变化幅度词（adv） 轻微地 slowly slightly marginally平缓地steadilysmoothlygradua
6、llymoderately剧烈地significantlysharplydramaticallydrasticallysteeplysurprisinglystrikinglyhugely相关词汇 百分比(名词)：proportion, rate, percentage, share 占据 (动词)：occupy, comprise, constitute, account for, represent. 数字：number, amount, data, figure 比例：rate, proportion, percentage, share 大约：roughly, about, nearl
7、y, approximately, a little less than, slightly more than 各自地：respectively, for each, severally与大小相关的词语： Outnumber (动词)：在数量上超过The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police Exceed (动词)：在数量上超过 Triple (动词)：变成三倍The figure has tripled. Double (动词)：变成两倍The price of houses has virtually doubled over the
8、past few years. Mount to (动词)：达到 Counterpart (名词)：对应的另一方,比较的另一方 this product is better than its counterparts到达顶点到达顶点 reach the peak peak (v)达到底点达到底点 reach the bottom波动性下降波动性下降 sth have/show a downward trend sth decrease with (minor) fluctuations波动性上升波动性上升 sth have/show an upward trend sth increase w
9、ith (minor) fluctuations保持保持不变不变 keep/remain+ unchanged stable steady constant时间的表达1 在某个时间点 in+年或月 in 2010 in the year of 2010 in August on+日 on 1st at+小时 at 10pm2 从一个时间到另一个时间 from 1990 to 19973 在一个时间和另一个时间之间 between 1990 and 19974 在某段时间之间 during/over/throughout 7-year period between 1990 and 1997动态
10、图中必用的三大句型 1 主题+变化（v）+ 变化幅度（adv）+数据+时间 2 There be + a + 变化幅度（adj）+ 变化（n）+ in +主题+数据+时间 3 时间+see/experience/witness/undergo+ a +变化幅度（adj）+变化（n）+in +主题+数据 说顶点的方法 第一种方法：用分词的方法 The sales of computers went up dramatically since 2003,reaching the peak at 4000 in 2005. 第二种方法：用which从句形式 The sales of computer
11、s went up dramatically since 2003,which reached the peak at 4000 in 2005. 第三种方法：直接法 The sales of computers increased steeply to the peak at 4000 in 2005.There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from 600 to 900 between 2001 and 2002, and they increased gradually to 1400 in the following ye
12、ar. Then they rose dramatically to the peak at 4000 in 2005. After that there was a downward trend in the sales, which decreased to 3000 in 2007. Before they decreased sharply to 1800 in 2009, they remained constant at 3000. The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of m
13、eat in a European country between 1979 and 2004 As can be seen in the pie chart, chicken, which makes up 40%, is the most popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork and it occupies 20%, followed by the beef, constituting 18%; and finally come lamb,fish and others, at 15%, 5% and 2% respect
14、ively. The table shows the female workforce and managers in 5 countries. The table lists the percentage of the total workforce and the percentage of managers who are women in five countries. The Unite States has a roughly gender-balanced workforce: women make up about half the countrys working popul
15、ation (46%). Women in Australia and Japan have similar share of the countrys labor force (42% and 41%respectively). Next comes Sri Lanka with 37% of all workers being women. Finally, Egypt is where the most striking gender difference is found : there is only one women for every four men in the workplace.
