1、汽车实用英语项目一 学习汽车基础知识Learn the Basic Knowledge of Automobile01了解汽车的历史与发展汽车大事年表02认识著名汽车品牌和制造商03熟悉汽车总体结构04识别车辆识别代码01了解汽车的历史与发展汽车大事年表Get to Know the History and Development of Automobile Automobile TimelineTask 1知 识 目 标 掌握下列单词、词组及汽车相关术语的基本含义:automobile vehicle stroke internal combustion engineelectric spa
2、rk ignition four-stroke engine starter suspensionbrake airbag hybrid engine on-board Wi-Fisteering wheel throttle pedal brake pedal 了解汽车发展历史上的重大事件。Task 1技 能 目 标 能与人简单交流汽车发展历史上的重大事件。Task 1任 务 描 述(1)学习“知识储备”中的内容,掌握本任务的重点词汇。(2)在第一步的基础上学习“畅享阅读汽车大事年表”,了解汽车发展史上的重大事件。学习小贴士:建议首先阅读正文左侧的英文内容。如遇生词,可先根据上下文猜测词意;
3、猜测不出来的生词可用笔标记出来。如果影响理解,再通过查询生词或参考右侧的译文辅助阅读。(3)学习并分角色扮演“畅谈汽车”下的对话场景。(4)在教师的组织下完成本任务的“任务检测”。Task 1知 识 储 备1. automobile /tmbil/n. 汽车(总称)2. propel /prpel/ v. 推动;驱动3. tractor /trkt(r)/ n. 拖拉机;牵引机4. steam locomotive /lkmtv/ 蒸汽机车5. steam-powered /stim pad/ adj. 蒸汽驱动的6. tricycle /traskl/ n. 三轮车7. haul /hl/
4、v. (用力)拉,拽8. cannon /knn/ n. 加农炮;大炮9. reputedly /rpjutdli/ adv. 据说;相传;据称10. tonne /tn/ n. 吨11. carriage /krd/ n. 四轮马车12. transport /trnspt/ v. 运输,运送Task 1知 识 储 备13. functioning /fkn/ adj. 起作用的14. hydrogen /hadrdn/ n. 化氢15. vehicle /vikl/ n. 交通工具;车辆16. coal-gas engine 煤气发动机17. stroke /strk/ n. 冲程18.
5、internal combustion /kmbstn/ engine 内燃机19. trigger /tr(r)/ v. 发动;起动20. electric spark ignition /nn/ 电火花点火装置21. wagon /wn/ n. 四轮运货马车22. four-stroke engine 四冲程发动机23. launch /lnt/ v. 推出,发布24. relative /reltv/ adj. 相对的Task 1知 识 储 备25. separate /seprt/ adj. 不同的26. moving assembly /sembli/ line 流水装配线27. p
6、roduction /prdkn/ line 生产线;流水线28. assemble /sembl/ v. 组装;装配29. starter /stt(r)/ n. 起动机;起动器 electronic starter 电子起动器30. suspension /sspenn/ n. 悬架,减振装置31. brake /brek/ n. 制动器;刹车32. refrigeration /rfrdren/ air-conditioner 制冷空调33. airbag /eb/ n. 安全气囊34. safety /sefti/ n. 安全性35. device /dvas/ n. 安全装置36.
7、acknowledge /knld/ v. 承认(属实)Task 1知 识 储 备37. dry up 逐渐枯竭;耗尽38. hybrid /habrd/ engine 混合动力发动机39. unveil /nvel/ v. (首次)展示,推出40. leading /lid/ adj. 领先的,最前的41. maximum /mksmm/ adj. 最高的 n. 最大化42. charge /td/ v. 充电;充注43. on-board Wi-Fi 车载Wi-Fi44. potential /ptenl/ adj. 潜在的;可能的45. application /plken/ n. 应用
8、程序;应用软件46. update /pdet/ v. 更新;使现代化47. software /sftwe(r)/ n. 软件48. remotely /rmtli/ adv. 远程地Task 1知 识 储 备49. driverless /dravls/ adj. 无人驾驶的50. prototype /prttap/ n. 原型;雏形51. steering wheel /str wil/ 方向盘52. throttle pedal /rtl pedl/ 油门踏板53. brake pedal 刹车踏板54. milestone /malstn/ n. 转折点;里程碑55. auto /
9、t/ n. 汽车56. component /kmpnnt/ n. 组成部分;部件57. lay the foundations /fandens/ for 为奠定基础Task 1畅 享 阅 读Task 1畅 享 阅 读汽车大事年表 17691769年:第一辆依靠自身动力行驶的车 1769年,法国军事工程师尼古拉斯约瑟夫居纽为法国军队设计并制造了世界上第一辆蒸汽机车(见图1-1)一辆巨大的重型蒸汽动力三轮车,来牵引重型加农炮。据说这辆车的速度和步行速度一样,而且只能牵引四吨重的加农炮,后来被军队弃用了。 1769: The First Self-Propelled2 Tractor3 In 1
10、769, French military engineer Nicolas Joseph Cugnot designed and built the worlds first steam locomotive4 (see Figure 1-1) a huge, heavy, steam-powered5 tricycle6 for the French army to haul7 heavy cannons8. The tricycle reputedly9 reached walking speed and carried four tonnes10 of cannons only. The
11、 army later abandoned this invention.Automobile1 Timeline Figure 1-1 The Car Designed by Cugnot 图1-1 居纽设计的汽车Task 1畅 享 阅 读 1801 1801年:第一辆不用马拉的载人车 1801年,英国工程师理查德特里维西克发明了首辆有实用价值的蒸汽机车(见图1-2)。这是第一辆不用马拉的载人车。 1801: The First Horseless Carriage11 to Transport12 Passengers In 1801, Richard Trevithick, a Brit
12、ish engineer built his first functioning13 steam locomotive (see Figure 1-2). It was the first horseless carriage to transport passengers.Figure 1-2 The First Functioning Steam Locomotive图1-2 首辆有实用价值的蒸汽机车Task 1畅 享 阅 读 18241824年:以氢为燃料的发动机 1824年,英国工程师塞缪尔布朗(见图1-3)设计了以氢气为燃料的发动机早期发动机的一种。他用这个发动机短暂地给一辆汽车提供
13、动力,让其“爬”上了伦敦南部的最高峰射手山。 1824: Hydrogen14 Fueled Engine In 1824, English engineer Samuel Brown (see Figure 1-3) designed an engine that used hydrogen as fuel an early example of engine. He used it to briefly power a vehicle15 up Shooters Hill the highest point in south London.Figure 1-3 Samuel Brown图1
14、-3 塞缪尔布朗Task 1畅 享 阅 读 18581858年:第一辆煤气发动机 1858年,生于比利时的法国工程师让约瑟夫艾蒂安勒努瓦(见图1-4)发明了二冲程内燃机。该发动机以煤气为燃料,依靠电火花点火启动。后来,勒努瓦将改进的发动机应用在一辆三轮货车上,成功行驶了50英里的路程。 1858: The First Coal-gas Engine16 In 1858, a Belgian-born French engineer, Jean Joseph tienne Lenoir (see Figure 1-4) invented a two-stroke17, internal comb
15、ustion engine18. It was fuelled by coal gas and triggered19 by an electric spark ignition20. Lenoir later attached an improved engine to a three-wheeled wagon21 and completed a fifty-mile road trip.Figure 1-4 Lenoir图1-4 勒努瓦Task 1畅 享 阅 读 18761876年:四冲程发动机问世 1862年,一个法国工程师提出“四冲程循环”理论。但直到1876年,德国工程师尼古拉斯奥
16、托(见图1-5)才根据这一理论制造了一台四冲程内燃机,因此人们称这一理论为“奥托循环”。四冲程发动机由于其可靠、高效、噪音小等特性,很快获得了成功。 1876: The Four-Stroke Engine22 Was Launched23 In 1862, a French engineer put forward the Four-Stroke Cycle principle. But until 1876, a German engineer Nikolaus Otto (see Figure 1-5) built an four-stroke, internal combustion
17、engine based upon this principle, so people called the principle as Otto Cycle. Because of its reliability, efficiency, and relative24 quietness, the four-stroke engine was an immediate success.Figure 1-5 Nikolaus Otto图1-5 尼古拉斯奥托Task 1畅 享 阅 读 18861886年:汽车时代继续向前推进 1886年,几乎在同一时间,在德国不同地方工作的工程师戈特利布戴姆勒和卡
18、尔本茨各自制造了第一辆依靠内燃机驱动的汽车(见图1-6)。这些汽车的工作原理与我们今天的汽车大体相同。 1886: Motor Age Moves Forward In 1886, the first vehicle (see Figure 1-6) driven by internal combustion engines were developed roughly at the same time by two engineers working in separate25 parts of Germany Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz. And the
19、vehicles worked like the cars we use today. Figure 1-6 The Car Designed by Karl Benz图1-6 卡尔本茨制造的汽车Task 1畅 享 阅 读 1887 1887年:第一个汽车公司成立 1887年,卡尔本茨成立了世界第一家汽车制造公司梅赛德斯奔驰汽车公司。1888年,戴姆勒也建立了一家汽车制造公司。接着在19世纪末20世纪初,欧洲许多国家都成立了汽车制造公司。 1896 1896年:第一起道路交通死亡事故 1896年,布丽奇特德里斯科尔(44岁,来自克里登,两个孩子的母亲)在伦敦的水晶宫附近被一辆经过的机动车撞倒,
20、脑部受伤致死。 1887: The First Motor Company Formed In 1887, Carle Benz set up the worlds first motor company, Mercedes-Benz. In 1888, another motor company was founded by Daimler. Then, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, new motor companies sprang up all over the European countries. 1896: Th
21、e First Road Traffic Death In 1896, Bridget Driscoll, a 44-year old mother of two from Croydon, was hit by a passing motor car near Crystal Palace in London. She died from head injuries.Task 1畅 享 阅 读 1903年:福特汽车公司成立 1903年,福特汽车公司成立。1913年,流水装配线进入福特工厂,福特成为世界上最大的汽车制造商。截至1927年,福特生产T型车(见图1-7)一千五百万辆。生产线上的工人
22、只需93分钟就能装配一辆车。 1903: The Ford Motor Company Formed In 1903, the Ford Motor Company was formed. After fitting moving assembly lines26 to the factory in 1913, Ford became the worlds biggest car manufacturer. By 1927, 15 million Model Ts (see Figure 1-7) had been manufactured. Workers on the production
23、 line27 assembled28 the car just in ninety-three minutes. Figure 1-7 Model T图1-7 T型车Task 1畅 享 阅 读 19111911年:重大进步 1911年,查尔斯凯特灵发明了电子起动器。从那时起,汽车能自己启动了。后来,凯特灵又引进了独立悬架和四轮制动器。到1930年,现代汽车使用的大部分技术已都被发明出来。 1911: Key Development In 1911, Charles Kettering invented the electronic starter29. Cars could start th
24、emselves from then on. Kettering later introduced independent suspension30, and four-wheel brakes31. And By 1930, most of the technology used in automobiles today had already been invented.Task 1畅 享 阅 读 1939年:第一台安装制冷空调的汽车 1939年,帕卡德成为第一个将制冷空调作为可选的额外设备安装在汽车上的汽车制造商。虽然这种产品在市场上很畅销,但在商业上并不成功,1941年之后就停产了。
25、1952年:安全气囊的研发 安全气囊的研究始于1952年。1973年,奥斯莫比尔汽车公司开始向大众出售配有安全气囊的汽车。自1998年起,安全气囊成为所有汽车的必备安全装置。 1939: The First Car with Refrigeration Air-Conditioner32 In 1939, Packard became the first automobile manufacturer to have a refrigeration air conditioning unit installed in its cars as an optional extra. Althoug
26、h this product was marketed well, it was not commercially successful and was discontinued after 1941. 1952: Development of Airbags33 The research about airbag began since 1952. In 1973, Oldsmobile Toronado began selling cars with airbags to the public. Since 1998, airbags have become an essential sa
27、fety34 device35 for all automobiles. Task 1畅 享 阅 读 1997年:制造环保汽车 1997年,汽车制造商便认识到未来石油储备会逐渐枯竭。从那时起,他们开始研发可用多种燃料的发动机混合动力发动机。2009年8月,日产推出了一款名为LEAF(领先的环保型经济家用轿车,见图1-8)的新型电动汽车。LEAF的最高时速可超过90英里,充一次电可以行驶100英里,电池可以在30分钟内充80%的电量。 1997: Car Manufacturers Go Green In 1997, motor manufacturers acknowledged36 that
28、 oil reserves will dry up37 gradually in the future. From that time, they began to develop engines that use more than one fuel source hybrid engines38. On October, 2009, Nissan unveiled39 its new electric car the LEAF (Leading40, Environmentally Friendly, Affordable, Family Car, (see Figure 1-8). Th
29、e LEAF is capable of a maximum41 speed of more than 90 mph (miles per hour), can travel 100 miles on a full charge42, and has a battery that can be charged to 80% of its capacity in 30 minutes. Figure 1-8 LEAF图1-8 LEAFTask 1畅 享 阅 读 2008年:车载Wi-Fi 2008年年初,美国通用汽车公司推出车载Wi-Fi服务。除了能让孩子们享受长途旅行外,该技术在远程更新汽车软
30、件方面具有潜在的应用价值。 2008: On-Board Wi-Fi43 In early 2008, GM launched on-board Wi-Fi. Beyond keeping the kids entertained on long journeys, this technology has potential44 applications45 in updating46 a cars software47 remotely48. Figure 1-9 Firefly 图1-9 “萤火虫”外观Task 1畅 享 阅 读 2009年:谷歌向无人驾驶汽车靠拢2009年,谷歌秘密开发无
31、人驾驶汽车项目。2014年,谷歌展示了没有方向盘、油门和刹车踏板的无人驾驶汽车原型“萤火虫”(见图1-9、图1-10)。2015年10月20日,“萤火虫”完成了世界上首次真正意义上的无人驾驶旅程:一位盲人乘客史蒂夫马汉坐在没有人为干预控制的“萤火虫”中,安全地行驶在奥斯汀市的街区。这是无人驾驶技术迈向应用领域的一次里程碑事件。 2009: Google Drove Towards the Driverless49 In 2009, Google secretly developed the driverless car project. In 2014, it showed Firefly (
32、see Figures 1-9, 1-10), a prototype50 of a driverless car without a steering wheel51, throttle pedal52 and brake pedal53. On October 20, 2015, Firefly completed the worlds first truly driverless journey: a blind passenger, Steve Mahan, sat with no human intervention to control the Firefly, “driving”
33、 in Austins streets safely. This is a milestone54 in the application of driverless technology. Figure 1-10 Firefly图1-10 “萤火虫”内饰Task 1畅 谈 汽 车Task 1畅 谈 汽 车A:不好意思,请问你知道世界上第一辆车是谁造的,什么时候造的吗?B:来自德国的卡尔本茨在1886制造了第一辆由内燃机驱动的汽车。A:这意味着自世界上第一辆汽车被发明以来已经有一百年了?B:没错。但从那时起,制造商从未停止对新车型的研究。A:我想知道当时汽车是如何制造的。B:一开始,汽车零部件都
34、是手工制造的,所以制造一辆汽车并不容易。后来,亨利福特使汽车零部件生产标准化,这为在装配线上制造汽车奠定了基础。A:哦,我明白了!汽车业发展得真的很快,不是吗?B:是的,我想是这样。现在,通用汽车、丰田、日产和福特都被认为是世界大汽车制造商。A:Excuse me. Do you know who built the first car in the world and when?B:Karl Benz from Germany built the first car driven by an internal combustion engine in 1886.A:Does that mea
35、n it is already one hundred years since the first automobile was invented in the world?B:Thats right. But since then, manufacturers have never stopped making research for new models.A:I wonder how the automobiles were made at that time.B:In the beginning, auto55 components56 were all made by hand. S
36、o it was not easy to make a car. Then, Henry Ford standardized auto components. This laid the foundations for57 manufacturing autos on an assembly line.A:Oh, I see! The auto industry has really developed very fast, hasnt it?B:Yes, I think so. Now, General Motors, Toyota, Nissan and Ford are generall
37、y considered to be the large auto manufacturers in the world.02认识著名汽车品牌和制造商Get to Know the Famous Auto Brands and AutomakersTask 2知 识 目 标 掌握下列单词、词组及汽车相关术语的基本含义:symbolizerepresent creatororiginalemblemtrademark initial precedecurrentname after stand for luxury sports carderive participationmechanic E
38、ntrepreneur originate认识各汽车品牌及其标志。Task 2技 能 目 标 能辨认不同汽车品牌及其标志。 能准确读出各汽车品牌的英文名称。Task 2任 务 描 述(1)学习“知识储备”中的内容,掌握本任务的重点词汇。(2)在第一步的基础上学习“畅享阅读著名汽车品牌”,了解汽车各品牌及其标志。学习小贴士:建议首先阅读正文左侧的英文内容。如遇生词,可先根据上下文猜测词意;猜测不出来的生词可用笔标记出来。如果影响理解,再通过查询生词或参考右侧的译文辅助阅读。(3)在教师的组织下完成本任务的“任务检测”。Task 2知 识 储 备1. represent /reprzent v.
39、象征;代表2. transport /trnspt n. 运输;运送3. cooperative /kprtv/ adj. 合作的;协作的4. Swiss /sws adj. 瑞士(人)的5. symbolize /smblaz v. 象征;代表6. artwork /twk n. 艺术品7. combination /kmbnen n. 结合;联合8. above /bv adv. 在上面;在较高处9. creator /kriet(r)/ n. 创造者;发明者10. translation /trnslen n. 翻译;译文11. consortium /knstim n. 财团;联营企业
40、12. original /rdnl adj. 最初的;最早的Task 2知 识 储 备13. acronym /krnm n. 首字母缩略词14. oval-shaped /vl ept/ adj. 椭圆形的15. dot /dt n. 点;小圆点16. bearing /ber n. 轴承 ball bearing v. 滚珠轴承17. embed /mbed 使嵌入;使插入18. narrow /nr adj. 狭窄的19. carve /kv / v. 雕刻;刻20. lie on 位于21. emblem /emblm n. 徽章,图案22. complete /kmplit v.
41、使齐全;使完整23. trademark /tredmk n. 商标24. initial /nl n. 首字母Task 2知 识 储 备25. precede /prsid/ v. 发生在之前;先于26. current /krnt adj. 当前的;现在的27. name after 以的名字命名28. apparently /prntli/ adv. 看来;显然29. stand for 是的缩写; 代表30. leaping /lip adj. 跳跃的31. quickness /kwkns n. 敏捷;机智;机敏32. luxury /lkri adj. 奢华的,豪华的33. spo
42、rts car 跑车34. derive /drav v. 起源于;来自35. magnate /mnet n. 权贵;富豪;产业大亨36. passion /pn n. 酷爱;爱好Task 2知 识 储 备37. bullfighting /blfat/ sport 斗牛运动38. predecessor /pn n. 前任;前身39. trident /tradnt n. 三叉戟( j )40. participation /ptspen/ n. 参加;参与41. Formula /fmjl/ One 一级方程式赛车42. mechanic /mknk n. 机械师43. entrepre
43、neur /ntrprn(r)/ n. 企业家44. originate /rdnet v. 来自;源于45. coat of arms 盾形徽章46. prominent /prmnnt/ adj. 突出的47. division /dvn n. 部门48. aircraft /ekrft n. 飞机;航空器Task 2畅 享 阅 读Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series European Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series European Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series E
44、uropean Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series European Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series European Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series European Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series European Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 European Series European Series 欧洲车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 American Series A
45、merican Series 美国车系美国车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 American Series American Series 美国车系美国车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 American Series American Series 美国车系美国车系Task 2畅 享 阅 读 Asian Series Asian Series 亚洲车系(不含中国)亚洲车系(不含中国)Task 2畅 享 阅 读 Homemade Series Homemade Series 国产车系国产车系03熟悉汽车总体结构Be Familiar with the Overall Structure of Aut
46、omobileTask 3知 识 目 标 掌握下列单词、词组及汽车相关术语的基本含义:chassis body electrical equipment clutch gear boxdrive shaft universal joint rear axle powertrain transmission system suspension system steering system braking system body shell body trim interior trim power supply lighting ventilation ignition 了解汽车总体结构构成。T
47、ask 3技 能 目 标 能用英语准确说出构成汽车总体的四大部分。 能通过看图或实体辨认汽车的结构。Task 3任 务 描 述(1)学习“知识储备”中的内容,掌握本任务的重点词汇。(2)在第一步的基础上学习“畅享阅读汽车总体结构”,了解汽车总体结构构成。学习小贴士:建议首先阅读正文左侧的英文内容。如遇生词,可先根据上下文猜测词意;猜测不出来的生词可用笔标记出来。如果影响理解,再通过查询生词或参考右侧的译文辅助阅读。(3)学习并分角色扮演“畅谈汽车”下的对话场景。(4)在教师的组织下完成本任务的“任务检测”。Task 3知 识 储 备1. overall /vrl adj. 总体的2. chas
48、sis /si n. 底盘3. body /bdi n. 车身4. electrical /lektrkl/ equipment 电气设备5. clutch /klt/ n. 离合器6. gear /(r)/ box 齿轮箱;传动箱7. drive shaft /ft 传动轴8. universal joint /junvsl dnt/ 万向节9. differential /dfrenl n. 差速器10. rear axle /r(r) ksl 后桥;后车轴11. transmit /trnzmt v. 传送;输送12. powertrain 动力传动机构13. transmission
49、system 传动系统14. suspension system 悬架系统15. steering system 转向系统Task 3知 识 储 备16. braking system 制动系统17. interact /ntrkt v. 相互作用;相互影响18. compose /kmpz v. 组成,构成19. body shell /el 车身壳体20. trim /trm n. 饰物,装饰配件 body trim 车身外部装饰件21. interior /ntri(r)/ trim 内部覆饰件22. power supply /spla 电源23. lighting /lat n. 照
50、明24. ventilation /ventlen n. 通风25. ignition /nn n. 点火;点燃26. function /fkn n. 作用;功能27. convert /knvt v. 使转变;转换28. combustion /kmbstn/ n. 燃烧29. rotary /rtri adj. 旋转的;绕轴 转动的Task 3畅 享 阅 读The Overall1 Structure of Automobile The modern automobile is made up of four basic sections: engine, chassis2, body3