1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选
2、项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15. 答案是C。1. What does the man want to do? A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office. 2. What was George doing last night? A. Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project. 3. Why does
3、 the man suggest going to the park? A. Its big. B. Its quiet. C. Its new. 4. How does the woman sound? A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled. 5. Where is the mans table? A. Near the door. B. By the window. C. In the corner. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话
4、或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What are the speakers going to do tonight? A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports. 7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Hostess and guest. C. Husband and wife. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.
5、Why does the woman think July is the best time to move? A. Their business is slow. B. The weather is favorable. C. Its easy to hire people. 9. How will they handle the moving? A. Finish it all at once. B. Have the sales section go first. C. Do one department at a time. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What did
6、Peter learn from his grandfather? A. How to appreciate art works. B. How to deal with artists. C. How to run a museum. 11. What did Peter do in Chicago? A. He studied at a college. B. He served in the army. C. He worked in a gallery. 12. Whose works did Peter like best? A. Rembrandts. B. Botticellis
7、. C. Rubens. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a library. B. In a law firm. C. On a train. 14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper? A. March. B. August. C. October. 15. Why did John quit his part-time job? A. He had to catch up with his study. B. He w
8、as offered a better one. C. He got tired of it. 16. What is Susans attitude to Johns problem? A. Carefree. B. Understanding. C. Forgiving. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012? A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner. 18. Why was the 2016 Olympics im
9、portant for the speaker? A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth place. 19. Which is the hardest for the speaker? A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing Botswana. 20. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. His plan to go for the
10、gold.B. His experience on the track.C. His love for his home country. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry
11、Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admissi
12、on to lectures is free. An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburns English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct., 13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburns PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artists Training in the 18th CenturyThursda
13、y 13 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and CollegesA spe
14、cial low entrance charge of f2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers. 21. What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries? A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Th
15、urs.13 Nov. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16. 23. How can full-time students get group discounts? A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools. C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards
16、with them. BIn 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhe
17、ad, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter. Why did
18、 they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosa
19、mond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickendens book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-rais
20、ing section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some
21、beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turne
22、d white in the winter.24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history. C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing. 25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
23、C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships. 26. Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising? A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead. C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West. 27. What is the text? A. A ne
24、ws report. B. A book review. C. A childrens story. D. A diary entry. CCan a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays eyes in the sky tec
25、hnology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects
26、 of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board. That in
27、cludes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. Th
28、at can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks,
29、 drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could
30、 guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones ability to work at high al
31、titudes. C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas. 29. What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 30. What function is expec
32、ted of the rail drones? A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically. C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation. 31. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What
33、 Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of RailwaysDThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax
34、which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar
35、tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sol
36、d in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 1
37、8p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drink
38、s are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the nex
39、t generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 32. Why was the sugar tax introduced? A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks. C. To protect childrens health. D. To encourage research in education. 33. How
40、 did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products. C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products sugar content. 34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A. Most alcoholic drin
41、ks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke. 35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story. C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
42、为多余选项。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships. Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone
43、calls can be a challenge. 36 More isnt always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or havin
44、g a group chat. Practise empathy（共情） 38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 39 Anniversaries and birthdays carr
45、y even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. Dont rely on te
46、chnology alone 40 , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is a
47、lso helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所
