1、常用的9种时态： 一般进行完成现在workam/is/are working have/has worked过去workedwas/were working had worked将来will work will be workingwill have worked1.1.一般现在时一般现在时 一般动词主语为第三人称的单数加一般动词主语为第三人称的单数加S S（1 1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态（2 2）表示现在的动作或状态）表示现在的动作或状态 there are many visitors in the Zoo there are many visit
2、ors in the Zoo。 在动物园里有很多客人在动物园里有很多客人。 Here comes the bus Here comes the bus. . 公车来了。公车来了。（3 3）表示客观事实或普遍用法）表示客观事实或普遍用法WeWeoftenoftenwritewritetotoeacheachother. other. David often sleeps during class. David often sleeps during class. My parents take excrcise in the park every morning .My parents take
3、 excrcise in the park every morning . 常与常与alwaysalways，usuallyusually，oftenoften，sometimessometimes，everyeverydayday，onceoncea aweekweek，yearlyyearly每年，每年，monthlymonthly每月，每月， 等时间状语或频率副词连用。等时间状语或频率副词连用。The sun rises in the east. The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundLight goes faste
4、r than soundThe earth moves around the sun. The earth moves around the sun. （4 4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时）用于状语从句代替一般将来时eg.You will succeed if you try .eg.You will succeed if you try .I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday. 常与连词：常与连词：w
5、hen , as soon as , before , after , until , if when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句时间状语或条件状语从句1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the
6、street.3）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 2一般过去时 一般动词过去式动词不分人称加 ed 1)be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示用于实现性非常高的事或事先计划好的未来。 Tomorrow , morning afternoon evening， the day after tomorrow .Next week /year , in时间-In a few day (几天后) in a week ( 在一星期之后) What are you goin
7、g to do tomorrow? Im going to visit my uncle tomorrow . I have to buy the ladder because Im going to paint the house . I dont feel good .Im afraid that Im going to be sick. 恐怕要感冒了。 Are they going to have a party on christmas Eve? Will(将要)-will 原型动词 表示纯粹的未来表示纯粹的未来We will leave school soon. I will not
8、 change my mind . 我不会改变主意。/ Ill not /I wont I will be 20 years old next year. 我明年将20岁了。（ 不能用am going to ）A:I cant move this large box .B:Ill do it for you .我会帮你做。 3一般将来时 2)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 3)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing
9、.1. Peter _ (play) basketball twice a week.2. Do you believe what he _ (say) just now?3. Look! The lazy cat _ (sleep) in the sofa.4. There _(be) a book and two pens on the desk.5. _you _(see ) a film tomorrow morning? 6. She _(not play) the guitar at the moment.7. What _his father usually _(do) in t
10、he evening ?8. They _ ( have ) a meeting next week, arent they? 9. Both he and I _ (be) teachers. 10. I _ (not feel ) very well yesterday .11. He put on his coat and _ (go) out.12. Lei Feng often _ (help) others.13. Next Sunday, we _ (clean) up the park.14. Hurry! Your mother _ (wait) for you at the
11、 gate.Practiseplayssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdoare going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting4.现在进行时 be（am/is/are）+现在分词3表示最近的未来即将发生动作。Come go start leave arrive Im leaving for Kenting tomorrow. My boyfrined is coming to see me this afternoon.1表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行
12、的行为（时间特征：now, at the moment；动作提示：look） We are waiting for you now. Look, they are swimming. we are eating breakfast now. John is watching the baseball game on TV now . 2现阶段的行为表示长期的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。（时间特征：this term, these days）He is always complaining. 抱怨The cars breaking down all the time . Mr. Green i
13、s writing another novel. How are you doing in your work this year?1表示过去某一时间正在进行中的动作 We were palying chess at eight yessterday evening . 比较：We played chess yesterday evening （ 过去式）一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。Lily was talking a bath when the doorbell rang My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hu
14、rt himself.It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 2.表示过去时间某一期限中反复性的动作whenever I visited him ,he was watching TV. 我无论什么时候去看他，他都是在看电视In those days we were getting up at six oclock. 那些天里我们都是6点起床。5.过去进行时 Be动词was /were Ving 3 描述一件事发生的背景；My b
15、rother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 1) 表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。Shell be coming soon.Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.2）常用的时间状语Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on S
16、unday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow eveningBy this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 6.将来进行时 will be doing.1.表示动作已经表示动作已经完成完成，强调过去发生的某一动作，强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影对现在造成的影响和结果响和结果。常与一些时间状语连用：。常与一些时间状语连用：already; by this time; ever; recently till now 等。等。They have already finished rea
17、ding the text .He has seen the film before. 2.表示动作发生在过去，且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去。since +时间起点for+时间长度 I have lived in the small village since last year. I began to learn English one month ago （过去时） I have learned English for one month. 我学英文学三年了（现在完成时） I have learned English scince one month ago .我从三年前就学英文了
18、 We have known each other for ten years /since ten years ago/we were children.7现在完成时 Have/ has 过去分词P.P 3.经验1. every, never, often 2. once, twice . beforeHave you ever visited National Palace Museum?你曾参观过故宫吗？NO,I have never visited there beforeNo, never have . No never. Did you ever visit national pa
19、lace museum? No. I never visited there before No, never did.My young sister really likes that movie ,she has watched it five times. He was busy yesterday He is busy now He will be busy tomorrow He worked yesterday He works very day He is going to work tomorrowHe has been busy from yesterday.He has w
20、orked for 2 days.比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now,by 等，皆不确定的时间状
21、语。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）瞬间动作用现在完成时 其后不可加一段时间。Died 动词不能持续 Dead形容词可持续 His father has died for ten years His father died ten years ago . 过去式 His father has been dead for ten years 完成时 Amy has bought
22、 the car for one year. Amy has bought the car already. 或Amy bought the car ans has owned for one year. AmMr Green has gone toNew York on business.他已经去纽约出差了。（现在完成时） Mr Green went to New York on business 他去纽约出差过 （过去时） 2 Have been to 及 Have gone to Have been to -曾经去过（某处）刚才去了（某处） Have gone to -已经去了（某处）只
23、用第三人称。 I have just been to the station to see her off. she has gone to Europe . 她已经去欧洲了。Did you ever go to a basketball game ? 你曾经去看过篮球比赛吗？（过去时）Have you ever been to a basketball game ? 你曾经去看过篮球比赛吗？现在完成时）Mr wang has gone to America for three days . Mr wang has gone to America. Mr wang has been in Am
24、erica for three days1) 表示到过去某一时间点为止动作或状态的持续及完成 The movie had begun when we arrived at the cinema. They had known each other for ten years when they finally got married.2) 表示过去一段时间中的经验 I had never spoken to a foreigner before I got into university.在我进大学之前,我从未和外国人说过话 She told me the story of the opera
25、歌剧的情节 because she had seen it before.3) 表示比过去时间点更早之前的动作I lost the watch which my uncle had bought for me. I didnt know that the band had broken up.注意若纯粹叙述两件过去的事情,不强调先后顺序, 都可用过去式1. My uncle bought a watch for me and I lost it.2. The band broke up but I didnt know that.8过去完成时 表示过去的过去 had+过去分词 概念 a. 状态
26、完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已获得的经验。1) 到未来某个时间前, 可以预测的结果. The concert will have finished by the time we get there.在我们到达那里之前,音乐会就会结束了吧The lake will have frozen by tomorrow morning.明天早上前,湖应该会结冰了吧2) 到未来某个时间前, 可以预测的经验或持续状态 I will have failed the driving test three times if
27、I fail tomorrow. You will have studied English for six years by the time you finish high school.They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.9将来完成时 will+have+p.p. 1.Hehaspromisedtobehavebetterlater.2.Theboydecidednottobecomeasailor.3.Ihopetogo
28、tocollege.4.Heagreedtohelpus.5.Shechosetostudychemistry.6.Hefailedtocatchupwithhim.7.Doyouwishtoeatalone?promise,decide,hope,agree,choose,fail,wish,learn+todosth.I.Eg.enjoy,finish,keep,mindsuggest,canthelpe.g1.他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。Healwaysenjoyslisteningtomusic.2.我打扫完房间了我打扫完房间了Ihavefinishedcleani
29、ngtheroom.3.你不能像这样老变主意。你不能像这样老变主意。Youshouldntkeepchangingyourideaslikethis.+doingsth.mycominggoingoutcrying4.Wouldyoumind_withyou?5.Hesuggested_forawalk.6.Icouldnthelp_.II.love,hate,forget,rememberstop,like,try,mean+todosth.doingsth.Maryloves_.Ihate_.她忘记寄这封信了。她忘记寄这封信了。Sheforgot_.我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。我永远忘不了
30、初次寄信的情景。Illneverforget_aletterforthefirsttime.Iremember_heronce.=IrememberthatI_(see)heronce.Remember_me.reading/toreadtotrouble/troublinghimtoposttheletterIII.postingseeingsawtophone他停下来跟我说话。他停下来跟我说话。Hestopped_.他停止讲话他停止讲话Hestopped_.他喜欢游泳。他喜欢游泳。Helikes_.我不想打扰你。我不想打扰你。Idontlike_.她试着解决这个问题。她试着解决这个问题。S
31、hetried_.她努力地找你。她努力地找你。Shetried_我我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。Imeant_today,butIforgot.这意味着浪费时间。这意味着浪费时间。Thismeans_muchtime.totalkwithmetalkingswimmingtodisturbyousolvingthisproblemtofindyoutogiveyouthisbookwastingIV.order,wanttell,inviteask,begadvise,allowwarn1.Iaskedhim_hereearly.+sb.todo
32、sth.tocometoseetorun2.Orderhim_adoctor.命令他去找医生看看。命令他去找医生看看。3.Iadvisedhim_fast.我建议他跑快点。我建议他跑快点。4.Thepolicewarnedhimnottobespeeding/runtheredlight.make,have,let,see,watch,hear,feel,notice+sb.dosth.e.gIcantmakethehorsego.我无法使这匹马走动。我无法使这匹马走动。Iwonthave(允许，容许允许，容许)yousaysuchthings.我可不许你说这样的话。我可不许你说这样的话。My
33、motherwouldntletmegotothefilm.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。Didyounoticehimleavethehouse?你看到他离开房间了吗？你看到他离开房间了吗？Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.V.be+happy,glad,pleasedangry,sorry,luckyslow,quick,carefulready,nice+todosth.e.gIamsorrytohearthat.Heiswrongtosayso.Iwasveryluckytogetitsocheap.我这么便宜地买到它我这么便宜地买到它,真是幸运极
34、了。真是幸运极了。Becarefulnottofallofftheladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。当心别从梯子上掉下来。Heisreadytohelp.愿意帮忙愿意帮忙bring(带给某人), bring sb. sth.tell(告诉某人), tell sb. sthsend(送给某人), send sb. sthleave(留给某人), leave sb somethingpass(递给某人), pass sb something read(给某人读), read sb somethingwrite(给某人写), write sb something take(给某人拿), take
35、sb somethingshow(给某人看), show sb something teach(教给某人), teach sb somethingget(给某人弄到), get sb something lend(借给某人), lend sb something buy(给某人买), buy sb something pay(支付给某人), pay sb something hand(递给某人) 。hand somebody something 复合关系词可表示“让步” = 无论不管Whoever = no matter who Whichever = no matter whichWhate
36、ver = no matter what Whenever = no matter whenWherever = no matter where However = no matter how1.无论是谁打电话来，我都不想接。Whoever is calling, I dont want to answer the phone.No matter who is calling, I dont want to answer the phone. 2.无论发生什么事，我将永远爱你。Whatever happens, Ill always love you.No matter what happens, Ill always love you.3.无论我在哪里，我都会想起你。Ill be thinking of you wherever I am.4.无论你们走得多快，天黑前还是无法到达.However fast you may walk, you will not be able to arrive before dark.No matter how fast you may walk, you will not be able to arrive before dark.
