1、 完形填空是对学生语言综合运用能力的考查。完形填空是对学生语言综合运用能力的考查。 它既考查学生的阅读理解的能力，又考查学生词汇应用它既考查学生的阅读理解的能力，又考查学生词汇应用 以及分析问题以及分析问题 , ,解决问题的能力。做完形填空时应通篇解决问题的能力。做完形填空时应通篇 考虑考虑, ,掌握大意，综合运用所学掌握大意，综合运用所学 词汇、语法及常识进行词汇、语法及常识进行 判断推理判断推理 . .做完型填空时要掌握相应的一些技巧：做完型填空时要掌握相应的一些技巧：1.1.仔细审题，明确大意仔细审题，明确大意. .2.2.注意一些搭配和用法注意一些搭配和用法 3.“3.“瞻前顾后，顾后
2、瞻前瞻前顾后，顾后瞻前”。4.4.考生要根据生活常识和相关知识确定选项。考生要根据生活常识和相关知识确定选项。5.5.全文复读，融会贯通。全文复读，融会贯通。完形填空时注意四步完形填空时注意四步( (骤骤) ) 第二步第二步 速读全文，掌握大意速读全文，掌握大意。 速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、 生词或不明白的地方， 仍要快速读下去。 读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节 的词以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上， 边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。第一步:仔细审题，明确大意.重视首句，把握开篇。 完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，完形填空一般无标题，首句一
3、般不留空白， 做完型填空的时候在没看选项之前首先要通读全文做完型填空的时候在没看选项之前首先要通读全文 细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨 (main idea)(main idea)。第三步第三步 瞻前顾后，灵活答题。瞻前顾后，灵活答题。 “瞻前顾后瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句, ,兼顾下句。兼顾下句。 如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。 答题方法：
4、答题方法： 1 1）择优法：）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，根据文章及结构边读边填， 如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。 2 2）排除法）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。对选项逐项分析试填。 排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。第四步第四步 复核全文，调整答案。复核全文，调整答案。 把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查
5、同时注把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点：意以下三点： 1.1.上下文的一致性：即时态语态的上下文的一致性：即时态语态的 一致；代词、名词一致；代词、名词 单复数的一致。单复数的一致。 2.2.从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至 语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。 3.3.段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。 这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一两处甚这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一两处甚 至多处错误。至多处错误。 同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感 任猜一个，决不可不选。
6、任猜一个，决不可不选。 一一.skipping(.skipping(跳读跳读): Read through the whole ): Read through the whole passage without stop to get the general idea and passage without stop to get the general idea and make it clear how the writer arranges the passage.make it clear how the writer arranges the passage.The birthrat
7、e in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.General idea:The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand,
8、are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having childre
9、n,” says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 68 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 69 day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make em
10、ployers 70 to give young women the permanent（永久的）（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产产假假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, with a warming: use it or 71 it. Kindlund admits that men are under 72 to stay at work, even though parental pay co
11、mes out of the public purse. “Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 73 a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 74 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthr
12、ate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe.二二. Pay particular attention to the first . Pay particular attention to the first sentence of the passage while reading the sentence of the passage while reading the passage.passage.Usually, the first sentence is the topic sentence of th
13、e whole passage, which contains much important information like “ when, where, why, who, what, etc.” The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st
14、 century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children,” says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 68 Swed
15、ish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 69 day off work. When:Where:What:Why:How:since the 1960s; in the 21th centurysince the 1960s; in the 21th century in Europein Europethe birthrate decreasesthe birthrate decreasesprovid
16、ing great encouragement for providing great encouragement for creating more babiescreating more babiescrisis is at handcrisis is at handTopic sentence:Topic sentence:The birthrate has decreased and European The birthrate has decreased and European countries are providing encouragement to create coun
17、tries are providing encouragement to create more babies.more babies.三三. It requires association (. It requires association (联想联想) while ) while rereading the passage. rereading the passage. Youd better fancy( (设想设想) ) what content should be in the blank ,according to the context( (上下文）上下文）, the logi
18、c and the situation. Then check or adjust( (调调整整) ) the answer according to the options( (选项选项). ).根据上下文的逻辑关系，做完型填空题需要联根据上下文的逻辑关系，做完型填空题需要联想，随时设想所遇到空白中应该出现的内容，想，随时设想所遇到空白中应该出现的内容，而后再以该题选项来验证自己的推测，作出调而后再以该题选项来验证自己的推测，作出调整或修正。在解题过程中，要做到整或修正。在解题过程中，要做到瞻前顾后瞻前顾后、左右平衡、贯通全篇。左右平衡、贯通全篇。For example（NMET95）:Wa
19、shoe 56 like a human, too . The scientists keep her in a fully furnished （家具齐全的）（家具齐全的） house. 56. A. live B. acts C. thinks D. plays 下文谈到的是下文谈到的是Washoe的生活环境和生活习惯，的生活环境和生活习惯， 所以该句的意思应该是所以该句的意思应该是“Washoe生活得也象人生活得也象人类类”. 四四. Reread the whole passage and check the answers. Reread the whole passage and
20、check the answers.Some methods in common use完型填空的一些通用性的解题方法完型填空的一些通用性的解题方法 一一.non-nexus elimination methods (无关词排除法）无关词排除法）:The cloze test usually has a very clear and definite focus (中心主线中心主线)，the right option (选选项项) is certain to be close to the theme(主题主题). So those non-nexus options could be eli
21、minated（排（排除）除） easily.For example:Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, in spite of65 cash encouragement(奖励奖励), some women just dont want to be left 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children.” 67. A. birthrateB. income C
22、. healthD. spiritA. birthrate出生率出生率 B. income收入收入 C. health健康健康D. spirit精神，灵魂精神，灵魂 二二. Word-presenting simultaneity (同现法）：同现法）：Word-presenting simultaneity is a means of linking up. The writer always uses some keys words/phrases which are of the same orientation(具具有有相同倾向性相同倾向性的词语的词语) to connect the
23、whole passage. of the same orientationExample:“Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative（有（有助于复元的）助于复
24、元的）function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .“43. A. subtle（狡猾的，敏感的）（狡猾的，敏感的） B. obvious C. mysterious D. doubtfulNeitherwell-understood He was a small man, 43 , and dressed in a clean but old44 suit of clothes. I was happy with his work, but not happy with the 51 way he w
25、orked. He was too quiet.But he worked well: like a 55machine, never looking or speaking.43. A. silentB. quiet C. excitedD. nervous Tautology, namely, repetition, is that some key words or expressions of the same meaning appear in different places to run-through the whole passage. Tautology is anothe
26、r linking way. For example:For example:三三. tautology method(复现法）复现法）: quiet55machine neverspeaking.四四. Relevancy method(关联法）：关联法）：Sometimes, two or more words or expressions of the same sort appear as parallel structure (并列结构）并列结构）at the same time. Generally, one of the parallel is set known, but th
27、e other one is unknown. Example:He worked through the day by 48 and into the 49 by candlelight. I was 50 with his work, but not happy with the 51 he worked. Had he been happy and 53 , I would have liked him much better.48. A. night B. sunlight C. lightD. day49. A. eveningB. daylightC. nightD. dawn50
28、. A. happyB. carefulC. patient D. satisfy51. A. mannerB. meansC. wayD. method53. A. quietB. humorousC. cheerful D. talkativehappy withhappyand 53was happy with五五. Time clue(时间线索）时间线索）：Example 2:That the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated cir
29、cuit(集成电路集成电路) during the 1960s, radically changed the process”30. A. broughtB. followed C. excitedD. characterizedthe introduction of the computer时间：时间：early 20th centurythe invention of the integrated circuit时间：时间：1960s (20世纪中后期）世纪中后期）早出现早出现晚出现晚出现followed byWhile doing cloze test, from which angle
30、s While doing cloze test, from which angles do we choose the answer among the options?do we choose the answer among the options?Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it was his first time to was his first time to 47 47 a part in a playa part in a play
31、（NMET91NMET91） 47.A.made 47.A.made B. join B. join C. have C. have D. giveD. give1. From the angle of the habitual use or collocation 从惯用法、搭配角度考虑。从惯用法、搭配角度考虑。have a parthave a partTaking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. Taking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. The The 52 52 water
32、made him tremble all water made him tremble all over.(NMET91)over.(NMET91)52.A.deep 52.A.deep B. cool B. cool C. dirty C. dirty D. coldD. cold 2.From the angle of logical reasoning and common knowledge从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑。3.From the angle of context 从上下文的角度考虑从上下文的角度考虑.trembletrembleAffairs Min
33、istry concluded last year that,Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 1 cash cash encouragement(encouragement(奖励奖励), some women just dont want ), some women just dont want to be left holding the baby.to be left holding the baby.1. A. In spite of 1. A. In spite of B. at the cost of B. at the co
34、st of C. in addition to C. in addition to D. due toD. due todont wantdont wantShe noticed how nervous he was and suggested. he She noticed how nervous he was and suggested. he should stand near the stage where he could watch and should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. I
35、t was a good follow the play. It was a good 58 58 of getting rid of his of getting rid of his nervousness. She said ,she was right ,it seemed nervousness. She said ,she was right ,it seemed to to59 .59 .(NMET91)(NMET91)58.A.idea 58.A.idea B. way B. way C. path C. path D. planD. plan59.A.do 59.A.do B
36、. win B. win C. work C. work D. actD. act4.From the meaning and the usage of the word从词汇的意义及用法去考虑。从词汇的意义及用法去考虑。Summing up(Summing up(小结小结) ) Skipping to get the general idea.Skipping to get the general idea. Finding out the top sentence to get some Finding out the top sentence to get some key inform
37、ation, such as “when, where, key information, such as “when, where, why, what, who, etc.”why, what, who, etc.” Rereading and choosing the answers for Rereading and choosing the answers for each blank, while using association.each blank, while using association. Third-reading and checking the answers
38、.Third-reading and checking the answers.一一. non-nexus elimination methods (. non-nexus elimination methods (无关词排除法）无关词排除法）二二. Word-presenting simultaneity (Word-presenting simultaneity (同现法）同现法）三三. tautology method(. tautology method(复现法）复现法）四四. Relevancy method(. Relevancy method(关联法）关联法）五五. Time c
39、lue(. Time clue(时间线索）时间线索）Methods in common useMethods in common useChoose the answers from the following angles:Choose the answers from the following angles:1.From the habitual use or collocation 1.From the habitual use or collocation 2.From logical reasoning and common knowledge 2.From logical reasoning and common knowledge 3.From context 3.From context 4.From the meaning and the usage of the word4.From the meaning and the usage of the word
