1、 现在进行时现在进行时 表示表示现阶段正在进行现阶段正在进行的动作。的动作。 结构结构:主语主语+be+现在分词现在分词(doing) 现在分词变化规则：现在分词变化规则： 1. 一般情况直接加一般情况直接加ing. 2. 以不发音的以不发音的e结尾，去结尾，去e加加ing. 3. 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词双写辅音字母加单词双写辅音字母加ing. e.g. I am learning English now. He is shutting the door at the moment. Look! She is dancing. Li
2、sten! My friends are singing in the room. 一般现在时一般现在时 表示表示经常经常，反复反复或或习惯性习惯性的动作，以及的动作，以及爱好爱好，陈陈述事实述事实，客观真理客观真理。 结构：主语结构：主语+动词动词 当当动词为实意动词动词为实意动词，主语为，主语为单三单三时，时，实意动词要实意动词要变单三变单三。 实意动词变单三的规则：实意动词变单三的规则： 1. 一般情况直接加一般情况直接加s. 2. 以以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾的单词加结尾的单词加es. 3. 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的单词把结尾的单词把y变变i加加es. e.g. He
3、 is a boy. They are ten years old. He likes swimming. The earth moves round the sun. They often go shopping. She always goes shopping. We usually go to work at 8:00. He gets up at 7:00 every day. 句型转换：句型转换： She always goes shopping. She doesnt always go shopping. Does she always go shopping. Yes, sh
4、e does. No, she doesnt. We go to work at 8:00 every day. We dont go to work at 8:00 every day. Do you go to work at 8:00 every day? Yes, we do. No, we dont. He is a boy. He isnt a boy. Is he a boy? Yes. he is. No, he isnt. 一般过去时一般过去时 表示表示过去某个时间过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构：主语结构：主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式 在
5、一般过去时中除了在一般过去时中除了be动词随人称变化动词随人称变化外，外，实意实意动词的过去式不随人称的变化而变化动词的过去式不随人称的变化而变化。 动词过去式的变化规则：动词过去式的变化规则： 1. 一般情况直接加一般情况直接加ed. 2. 如果以如果以e结尾直接加结尾直接加d. 3. 以以辅音字母加辅音字母加y结尾结尾的单词把的单词把y变变i加加ed. 4. 以以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词双写辅音字母加单词双写辅音字母加ed. e.g. I was ten years old last year. They were in China
6、last January. He had his breakfast an hour ago. We went to Beijing yesterday. 句型转换：句型转换： They were in China last year. They werent in China last year. Were they in China last year? Yes, they were. No, they werent. He had his breakfast an hour ago. He didnt have his breakfast an hour ago. Did he have
7、 his breakfast an hour ago? Yes, he did. No, he didnt. 现在完成时现在完成时 表示表示过去发生的事情过去发生的事情对对现在现在造成的造成的影响影响或或结果结果， 以及表示以及表示过去发生的事持续到现在过去发生的事持续到现在有可能有可能继续持继续持续续。 结构：主语结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 have/has为助动词为助动词 动词过去分词的变化规则与过去式变化规则相同动词过去分词的变化规则与过去式变化规则相同. e.g. I have already had my lunch. He has never bee
8、n to America. She has lived in Shen Yang since 2000. They have learnt English for 5 years. 句型转换：句型转换： I have already had my lunch. I havent had my lunch yet. Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. No, I havent. She has been to Shanghai. She hasnt been to Shanghai. Has she been to Shanghai? Yes, s
9、he has. No, she hasnt. 一般将来时一般将来时 表示表示将来要发生将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。的动作或存在的状态。 结构：主语结构：主语+will/shall+动词原型动词原型 shall只能与第一人称只能与第一人称I, we连用连用. e.g. I will go abroad next year. We shall go to work tomorrow. He will finish his work in an hours time. 句型转换：句型转换： I will go abroad next year. I wont go abroad next year
10、. Will you go abroad next year? Yes, I will. No, I wont. We shall go to the park tomorrow. We shant go to the park tomorrow. Shall we go to the park tomorrow? 这个问句不表示将来，而表示建议。这个问句不表示将来，而表示建议。 过去进行时过去进行时 表示表示过去某一时刻过去某一时刻或或某一段时间某一段时间内内正在进行正在进行的动的动作。作。 结构：主语结构：主语+was/were+现在分词现在分词 e.g. He was watching
11、TV at 8:00 yesterday. 过去进行时常与一般过去时连用，组成时间状语过去进行时常与一般过去时连用，组成时间状语从句。通常用从句。通常用when, while, (just) as连接。连接。 Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. When someone knocked at the door, I was having breakfast. when可接可接一般过去时一般过去时或或过去进行时过去进行时都可。都可。 While we were having dinner, they arrived.
12、The students were reading while the teacher was correcting their homework. while 后只可加后只可加过去进行时过去进行时，当，当强调两个动作同强调两个动作同时发生时只能用时发生时只能用while 连接。连接。 Just as I was opening the front door, the phone rang. (just) as 通常与过去进行时句子连用。通常与过去进行时句子连用。 过去完成时过去完成时 表示在过去某时之前已完成的动作或已存在的状表示在过去某时之前已完成的动作或已存在的状态。态。(即即过去的过去
13、过去的过去) 结构：主语结构：主语+had+动词过去分词动词过去分词 had为助动词为助动词。 e.g. She had finished the housework before she went out. After we had had dinner, they arrived. We had finished the work by the end of last week. 宾语从句宾语从句 一个一个句子句子充当充当宾语宾语，叫宾语从句。，叫宾语从句。 一一. 陈述句陈述句充当宾语从句，用充当宾语从句，用that引导，这时引导，这时that可以可以省略省略。 e.g. He says
14、 (that) he feels ill. I think (that) he will sell the house. She hopes (that) she has got some money. I am afraid (that) he is ill. He is sure (that) he can repair the car. 如果如果主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时，从句从句可以用可以用任何时态任何时态。 如果如果主句主句是是一般过去时一般过去时，从句必须用，从句必须用过去时态过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时完成
15、时)的一种。的一种。 e.g. She says (that) she finished the work. She said (that) she had finished the work. They tell us (that) they will get married next week. They told us (that) they would get married next week. She says (that) she lives in Shenyang. She said (that) she lived in Shenyang. He tells her (tha
16、t) he is reading books. He told her (that) he was reading books. They know (that) they cant repair the car. They knew (that) they couldnt repair the car. 直接引语和间接引语在句子中的地位就是宾语从直接引语和间接引语在句子中的地位就是宾语从句。句。 I say, “I have got a cold.” He thought, “I can repair the bike.” 直接引语与间接引语之间的转换需注意直接引语与间接引语之间的转换需注意
17、人称人称及及时时态态的变化，尤其是的变化，尤其是主句为过去时态主句为过去时态时。时。 He says, “I havent got any money.” He says he hasnt got any money. He told us, “Everyone is here.” He told us everyone was here. 直接引语为直接引语为一般现在时一般现在时，间接引语变，间接引语变一般过去时一般过去时. She said, “I am reading books.” She said she was reading books. 直接引语为直接引语为现在进行时现在进行时
18、，间接引语变，间接引语变过去进行时过去进行时. They believed, “He sold the house.” They believed he had sold the house. 直接引语为直接引语为一般过去时一般过去时，间接引语变，间接引语变过去完成时过去完成时. He said, “I have read the book.” He said he had read the book. 直接引语为直接引语为现在完成时现在完成时，间接引语变，间接引语变过去完成时过去完成时. They told us, “We will get married next week.” They
19、told us they would get married next week. 直接引语为直接引语为一般将来时一般将来时，间接引语变，间接引语变过去将来时过去将来时. He said, “I can repair the car.” He said he could repair the car. 直接引语中有直接引语中有情态动词情态动词，间接引语中把，间接引语中把情态动词情态动词变为过去式变为过去式。 二二. 当当一般疑问句一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用充当宾语从句时，用if连接，连接，语语序序改为改为陈述语序陈述语序。 I want to know, “Does he study har
20、d?” I want to know if he studies hard. 三三. 当当特殊疑问疑问特殊疑问疑问句充当宾语从句时，保留句充当宾语从句时，保留原原来的特殊疑问词来的特殊疑问词，语序语序变为变为陈述陈述语序。语序。 He asks, “what are you reading?” He asks what you are reading. They want to know, “Where did she live?” They want to know where she lived. 四四. 宾语从句注意的问题宾语从句注意的问题-否定转移否定转移。 当当主句的主语主句的主语为
21、为第一第一人称，动词为人称，动词为think, believe等时，如果等时，如果从句是否定句从句是否定句，该，该否定否定形式要形式要转移到转移到主句主句中。中。 I dont think it is going to rain. I dont believe he will sell the house. 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中在复合句中充当定语充当定语的的从句从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。 在定语从句中在定语从句中被从句所修饰被从句所修饰的词是的词是先行词先行词，它位，它位于于定语从句的前面定语从句的前面；引导定语从句引导定语从句的词是的词是关系代关系代词词，它紧跟在，它紧跟在先行词的
22、后面先行词的后面。 This is the dog that we saw in the park. 先行词先行词 关系代词关系代词 The girl who is singing is my sister. 先行词先行词 关系代词关系代词 当当先行词为人和物先行词为人和物时，时，关系代词关系代词是是不同不同的，而且的，而且关系代词关系代词在定语从句中在定语从句中充当句子成分充当句子成分。 当当先行词先行词为为人人时，关系代词用时，关系代词用who(可作可作主语主语或或宾宾语语),whom(只可做只可做宾语宾语),that(可作可作主语主语或或宾语宾语)。 She is the woman w
23、ho/whom/that he knows. The woman who/that teaches us English is our teacher. 当当先行词先行词为为物物时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that(可作可作主语主语或或宾宾语语)，which(可作可作主语主语或或宾语宾语)。 That is the cat that/which I found in the garden. The book that/which is on the desk is mine. if 条件状语从句条件状语从句 由由if引导的条件状语从句，引导的条件状语从句，含有含有if的是的是从句从句，其其余余
24、的是的是主句主句。 在条件状语从句中，时态要符合在条件状语从句中，时态要符合“主将从现主将从现，主主情从现情从现”。 If you dont hurry, we will miss the train. If he feels better, he can get up. If she falls, she will hurt herself. If they sell the old car, they can buy a new one. 反意疑问句反意疑问句 由由“陈述句陈述句+附加疑问句附加疑问句”构成，用于构成，用于提出征询提出征询或或希望陈述的事情是事实希望陈述的事情是事实。其中。
25、其中附加疑问句附加疑问句必须必须与前面的与前面的陈述句陈述句在在人称人称,数数及及时态时态方面保持一致。方面保持一致。 在反意疑问句中，在反意疑问句中，陈述陈述部分为部分为肯定肯定句，句，疑问疑问部分部分为为否定否定形式。形式。 He can speak English, cant he? She has been to Japan, hasnt she? 如果如果陈述陈述部分为部分为否定否定句，句，疑问疑问部分为部分为肯定肯定形式。形式。 You dont clean your teeth, do you? She didnt come to the class, did she? 反意疑问
26、句的特殊情况反意疑问句的特殊情况 陈述句部分主语为陈述句部分主语为this, that时，疑问句主语改为时，疑问句主语改为it; 陈述句主语为陈述句主语为these, those时，疑问句主语改为时，疑问句主语改为they. This is my book, isnt it? Those arent her pens, are they? 陈述句部分为陈述句部分为there be句型，疑问句仍用句型，疑问句仍用there. There is some milk in the bottle, isnt there? There arent any children in the room, ar
27、e there? 陈述句中如果有陈述句中如果有never, few等否定意义词，疑问等否定意义词，疑问句用句用肯定肯定形式。形式。 He has never been to China, has he? 如果如果陈述句陈述句是含有是含有have to的句型，疑问部分用助的句型，疑问部分用助动词动词do的的适当形式适当形式提问。提问。 He had to do his homework, didnt he? She has to walk to school, doesnt she? 陈述句陈述句为为否定否定形式的反意疑问句回答时，形式的反意疑问句回答时，yes译译为为“不不”，no译为译为“是
28、的是的”。 He didnt want to leave, did he? Yes, he did. No, he didnt. 不不，他想。，他想。 是的是的，他不想。，他不想。 被动语态被动语态 主动语态主动语态:主语主语是动作的是动作的发出者发出者，宾语宾语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者。 被动语态被动语态:主语主语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者。 构成构成:be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 不同时态的被动语态变化是在不同时态的被动语态变化是在be动词上。动词上。 一般现在时被动语态一般现在时被动语态: 主语主语+am/is/are+done The waters are watered by us every day. 一般过去时被动语态：一般过去时被动语态： 主语主语+was/were+done The room was painted by him last year. 现在完成时被动语态：现在完成时被动语态： 主语主语+have/has+been+done This book has been read by her. 一般将来时被动语态：一般将来时被动语态： 主语主语+will+be+done A new bridge will be built next year.
