1、1.Blood RBC(red blood cell) red fluid cell WBC+PL connective tissue intercellular substanceground substance: serum fiber: fibrinogen/ fibrin blood plasma 1). RBC (erythrocyte): biconcave disc, 7.58.5m, central 1m, periphery 2m hemoglobin (Hb) Wrights stain tangerine color function: transport oxygen
2、and carbon dioxide anemia: RBC 31012/L Hb 100g/L RBC 6m Hb Microcyte macrocyte erythrocytosis: increased number of RBCApproximate number per L hemolysis (溶血溶血): osmotic pressure ghost 血影 reticulocyte: adult: 0.51.5% infant :36% 2). WBC (white blood cell,leukocyte) no colour at fresh statecalled WBC
3、normal number: (410)109/ L classification: granulocyte: Neutrophil ,Eosinophil ,Basophil agranulocyte: Monocyte ,Lymphocyte (1). Neutrophil: 5070% structure: spherical,1012m nucleus: band form or stab cell lobate: 25 lobes left migration right migration granules: 1. azurophilic granules: purple, 20%
4、, lysosome acidic phosphatase, hyperoxidase 2. special granules: pink, 80%,smaller phagocytin lysozyme 中性粒细胞电镜图中性粒细胞电镜图（ 特殊颗粒特殊颗粒 嗜天青颗粒）嗜天青颗粒） the function of Neutrophil: active ameboid movement, chemotaxia and phagocytosis pus cell (sputum) 中性粒细胞吞噬细菌电镜图中性粒细胞吞噬细菌电镜图细胞核特殊颗粒吞噬的细菌糖原吞噬体The function of N
5、eutrophil: active ameboid movement, chemotaxia and phagocytosis pus cell (sputum)(2). Eosinophil: 0.53% structure :1015m, 23 lobes, acidophilic granules acid phosphatase, hyperoxidase, histaminase, aryl sulfatase function : 1. resist anaphylaxis: engulf antigen-antibody complex release histaminase i
6、nactivating histamine release aryl sulfatase inactivatin leukotriene 2. kill parasite:helped by antibody(3). Basophil: 01% structure: 1012m nucleus: irregular, pale staining purple blue granules with different size heparin, histamine, leukotriene (4). Monocyte: 38% structure: 1420m, round nucleus: p
7、ale staining kidney ,horseshoe or ovoid shaped, grey-bluish cytoplasm azurophilic granules acidic phosphatase, hyperoxidase, lysozymefunction: phagocytosis-macrophagemononuclear phagocytic system(5). Lymphocyte: 2030% structure: round 68m: small L 912m: middle L 1320m: large L azurophilic granules s
8、mall Llarge nucleus dense chromatin a little cytoplasm sky-blue 3). blood platelet( thrombocyte): Originate from megakaryocyte biconvex disc ， 2-4m granulomere hyalomere 图图20 20 血小板超微结构模式图血小板超微结构模式图EM: open canalicular system , dense tubular system special granules: clotting factor dense granule: se
9、rotonin, adrenaline normal number: (100300)109/L Function: clot blood and stop bleeding: blood vessels rupturePt activited collect stop bleeding clotting factors fibrinogen fibrin clotting blood protect and repair endothelium prevent atherosclerosis2. Blood formation life span: RBC-120 day WBC-days
10、,weeks, years embryo: 2th week blood islets (yolk sac) 6th week liver 12th week spleen 20th week bone marrow 1). structure of red bone marrow: red bone marrow: fetus, infant ； adult : spongy bone yellow bone marrow: bone cavity of long bone 2.stromal cell: macrophage, fat cell, mesenchymal cells, fi
11、broblast, HIM: hematopoietic inductive microenvironment hematopoietic tissue :1.reticular tissue3.blood cells at different stage of development: blood sinusoid:1.endothelium: fenestrated ,large intercellular space 2. basement membrane: incomplete 红骨髓切片红骨髓切片 1 1血窦血窦 2 2巨核细胞巨核细胞 3 3脂肪细胞脂肪细胞2). hematop
12、oietic stem cell & hematopoietic progenitor : 1. hematopoietic stem cell: structure: similar to small lymphocyte characters: multipotential differentiation self-renewing capability proliferative capability2. hematopoietic progenitor - committed stem cell colony stimulating factor certain blood cell
13、have been determined progenitors: progenitor of RBC system: ( erythropoietin) progenitor of neutrophil-macrophage syste (granulopioetin) progenitor of megakaryocyte system ( thrombopoietin) 3). Blood formation 1. developing stages: primitive stage , young stage , mature stage 血细胞发生示意图血细胞发生示意图2. morp
14、hological change rules:1).cell body: large small, except megakaryocyte2).nucleus: large small, RBC disappear nucleolus: more few disappear3).cytoplasm: little more basophilia: strong weak special granules: nothing - more much more4).division capability: strong disappear 3. developing process: erythr
15、opoiesis: proerythroblast 原红 early erythroblast早幼红 intermediate erythroblast 中幼红 late erythroblast 晚幼红 reticulocyte granulopoiesis:Myeloblast 原粒Promyelocyte 早幼粒Myelocyte中幼粒:Metamyelocyte 晚幼粒: 图图30 30 骨髓涂片骨髓涂片 1 1早幼粒细胞早幼粒细胞 2 2中幼粒细胞中幼粒细胞 3 3中幼红细胞中幼红细胞3 monopoiesis: monoblast promonocyte monocyte原单核细胞原单核细胞 幼单核细胞幼单核细胞 单核细胞单核细胞骨髓涂片示血小板从巨核细胞脱落骨髓涂片示血小板从巨核细胞脱落thrombopoiesis: megakaryoblast 原巨核原巨核 promegakaryocyte 幼巨核幼巨核 megakaryocyte 巨核巨核cytoplasmplatelet40-70m, lobate nucleus图图34 34 人巨核细胞电镜图人巨核细胞电镜图(1(1细胞核细胞核 2 2血小板颗粒血小板颗粒 3 3分隔小管分隔小管) )
