1、状语从句状语从句 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步步等状语从句。等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。时，从句前一般不用逗号。（1）when,as,while（从属连词）（从属连词）when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。即可引导持续性动作
2、，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：When I was a boy,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）（同时）When the lesson was over,we began our writing.（从句动作在前）（从句动作在前）1、时间状语从句：、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,s
3、ince,till,until,as soon as,once,the moment,immediately,no soonerthan,hardlywhen,by the time,every time,last time等引等引导。导。as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。时发生。He hurried home,looking behind as he went.I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.While：指的是：指
4、的是“在某一时间里在某一时间里”，“在在 期间期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如：如：While he was in London,he studied music.While we were watching TV,he was writing a composition.当当when,as,while表示表示“在在一段时间里一段时间里”，主从句，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While(Whe
5、n或或As)we were discussing,Mr.Smith came in.*when 可表示可表示“如果如果”。如：。如：Dont be afraid of asking for help_ it is needed.(03全国）全国）A.Unless B.since C.although D.when*while可表示可表示“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”。如：。如：1)_ modeling business is by no means easy to get into,the good model will always be in demand.(04浙江）浙江）A.While B.
6、Since C.As D.If2)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.(04江苏）江苏）A.While B.Since C.Before D.UnlessWhen和和while（并列连词），（并列连词），while表示对照的意思。表示对照的意思。When 表示表示“这时，突然这时，突然”1)I do every single bit of housework_ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(04广西）广西）A.since B.whil
7、e C.when D.as2)He was about to tell me the secret_ some one patted him on the shoulder.(02上海）上海）A.as B.until C.while D.when3)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.(04北京春招）北京春招）A.When B.while C.until D.before 4)Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park_she was bitt
8、en on the leg by a lion.(04上海）上海）A.When B.while C.since D.before(2)till和和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示的主句，表示“直到直到为止为止”。如：。如：I worked till(until)he came back.1)A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.(03上海）上海）A.when B.un
9、less C.after D.until2)We were told that we should follow the main road _we reached the central railway station.(04辽宁）辽宁）A.whenever B.until C.while D.wherever 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示句表示“直到直到才才”。如：如：I didnt go to bed until(till)he came back.放在句首表示强调时一般用放在句首表示强调时一般用 until。如：。如：Unt
10、il he returns,nothing can be done.3)-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-Yes.He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.(03春招）春招）A.after B.unless C.until D.when4)Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.(NMET95)A.d
11、id the villagers realize B.the villagers realizedC.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize*如果如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成成“在在之前之前”，而要译成，而要译成“就就”、“才才”等。如：等。如：The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.He almost knocked me down before he saw me.1)Some
12、one called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.(00全国）全国）A.as B.since C.until D.before2)He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.(03北京）北京）A.until B.when C.before D.as(3)before“在在之前之前”Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself ve
13、ry carefully for what I must say.3)Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(04福建）福建）A.since B.after C.before D.when4)It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.(04天津）天津）A.that B.until C.since D.before(4)by the time,each time,e
14、very time,immediately,the moment,the instant,the minute,soon after,shortly after都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：By the time he was fourteen,he had taught himself advanced mathematics.Each time he came,he would call on me.You must show him in immediately he comes.I recognized him the moment I saw h
15、im.注意：注意：时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。表示将来时。-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes,I gave it to her _ I saw her.(01全国春招）全国春招）A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once2、地点状语从句：、地点状语从句：通常由连词通常由连词where和和wherever引导。如：引导。如：Go back where you came f
16、rom.Wherever you go,you must write to your parents.Where there is a will,there is a way.Where there is too much,the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.1)The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(02上海春招）上海春招）A.when B.whenever C.where D.whereve
17、r2)She found her calculator _ she lost it.(00上海）上海）A.where B.when C.in which D.that3、原因状语从句：、原因状语从句：通常由连词：通常由连词：because,as,since,now that引导。引导。注意：注意：在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，引导，不可用不可用as或或 since，如：，如：It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.because可以引导表语从句可以引导表语从句,而而 as,s
18、ince不可以，不可以，这时状语一这时状语一 般都是般都是it,this,that Its because he is too lazy.for也表示也表示“因为因为”，但是并列，但是并列 连词，它连接的连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。不是状语从句，语气比较强。It must be morning,for the birds are singing.1)Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(
19、04上海）上海）A.because B.though C.unless D.if 2)The changes in the city will cost quite a lot,_ they will save us money in the long run.(00全国春招）全国春招）A.or B.since C.for D.but4、目的状语、目的状语从句：从句：通常由通常由that,so that,in order that,sothat,lest,in case（以防、免得）等引导：（以防、免得）等引导：He got up early in order that he could ca
20、tch the early bus.She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.注意注意:目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may (might),can(could)should,will等情态动词。等情态动词。*lest(以免，免得以免，免得),for fear that I hid the book lest(=for fear that)he should see it.1)
21、John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.(02全国）全国）A.which B.when C.so that D.as if2)Roses need special care_ they can live through winter.(04全国）全国）A.because B.so that C.even f D.as 3)Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report _ her boss co
22、uld read it first next morning.(03北京北京春招）春招）A.so that B.because C.before D.or else5、结果状语从句：、结果状语从句：It was very cold,so that the river froze.The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.There were so many people(=such a lot of people)in the room that we could not get in.He mad
23、e such an excellent speech that every one admired him.由由that,so that,sothat,suchthat引导：引导：6、条件状语从句、条件状语从句:由由 if,unless,so/as long as(只要只要),so/as far as,in case(that)(如果，万一如果，万一)等引导：等引导：If plastics and rubber are burned,they give off poisonous gases.You can go out,as long as(so long as)you promise to
24、 be back before eleven.In case I forget,please remind me about that.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来 时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。As far as I can tell,the whole thing should cost about$500.Unless you work hard,you will fail,1)John may phone tonight.I dont want to go out _ he
25、 phones.(00全国）全国）A.as long as B.in order that C.in case D.so that2)The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.(00全国）全国）A.as long as B.while C.if D.even though3)The men will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster.(01全国春招）全国春招）A.if B
26、.unless C.whether D.that4)_you can call me to say youre not coming,Ill see you at the theatre.(04吉林）吉林）A.Though B.Whether C.until D.Unless5)You will succeed in the end_ you give up halfway.(01上海春招）上海春招）A.even if B.as though C.as long as D.unless6)_ I know the money is safe,I shall not worry about it
27、.(03北京）北京）A.Even though B.Unless C.As long as D.While7)-How far apart do they live?-_ I know,they live in the same neighborhood.(03上海）上海）A.As long as B.As far as C.As well as D.As often as8)_ I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.(04北京春招）北京春招）A.As long as B.As far as
28、C.Just as D.Even if7、方式状语从句：、方式状语从句：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything.as if和和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。从句多用虚拟语气，但也
29、可用陈述语气。He treats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk.由连词：由连词：as,as if,as though引导：引导：8、比较状语从句：、比较状语从句：由连词由连词asas,not so(as)as,than等引导：等引导：I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area.No one can be more fi
30、t for his office than he is.He cant run so fast as she.注意：注意：“the+比较级比较级(接从句接从句)，the+比较级比较级(接主接主句句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：The more you study,the more you know.The harder we work,the happier we feel.As far as I am concerned,education is about learning and the more you learn,_.(02上海）上海）A.
31、the more for life are you equipped B.the more equipped for life you are C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life9、让步状语从句：、让步状语从句：由由though,although,as(虽然尽管虽然尽管),even if,even though,wh-ever,no matter-wh,whether引导引导.1)Though he is old,yet he is active.2)Although most of
32、 the people agreed,some were not willing to accepted.3)Proud as the nobles are,he is afraid to see me.We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.4)Whenever(=no matter when)you call on me,you are always welcome.5)Wherever(no matter where)you work,you can always find time to study.6)Take t
33、he one you like best,whichever(no matter which)it is.7)No matter what I say or how I say it,he always thinks Im wrong.8)Whether he comes or not,well discuss the problem this afternoon.注意：注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。内容，后置时强调从句内容。
34、（2）though与与although同义，用法基本一样，前同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与与but连用，但可以与连用，但可以与yet,still等连用，用来加强语等连用，用来加强语气。气。Though(Although)he was tired,yet(still)he went on working.（3）as,however引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：部分倒装。如：Young as he is,he can read and write in several
35、foreign language.（表语提前）（表语提前）You should report any incident,however serous or minor it is.（表语提前）（表语提前）Child as he was,he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Try as she might,Sue couldnt get the door open.（动（动词提前）词提前）We ll have to finish the job,however long it takes.I really want t
36、he car,however much it costs.(副词提前副词提前）1)_,I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.(01上海）上海）A.As long as I have traveled B.Now that I have traveled to much C.Much as I have traveled D.As I gave traveled to much2)Mr.Hall understands that _ math has always been easy for him,it is not easy for
37、 the students.(03北京）北京）A.unless B.since C.although D.when3)-Dad,Ive finished my assignment.-Good,and _ you play or watch TV,you mustnt disturb me.(03 上海）上海）A.whenever B.whether C.whatever D.no matter4)You can eat food free in my restaurant_ you like.(04 重庆）重庆）A.whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.howev
38、er5)_,I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(04上海）上海）A.However the story is amusing B.No matter amusing the story is C.However amusing the story is D.No matter how the story is amusing6)You should try to get a good nights sleep_ much work you have to do.(04湖北）湖北）A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever
