1、Unit 2 The universal language Grammar and usageIn todays class,we shall:explore the rules of verb-ing forms as subjects and objects.apply the rules by doing some exercises.Lead-inFind verb-ing forms and figure out their functions.1.Sliding into the habit was easy,but it was difficult to quit the hab
2、it.2.Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.3.Asking a womans age is impolite in his country.verb-ing forms as subjectsLead-inFind verb-ing forms and figure out their functions.4.Well come back more frequently and were also considering taking them to the city to live with us.5.As the larges
3、t rainforest in the world,the Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem.6.I was used to checking the news and my friends social media updates every few minutes.verb-ing forms as objectsExploring the rules1.动词-ing形式在句中可以用作主语。如：Talking mends no
4、holes.Watching them was a thrilling experience.Walking in step is not easy.2.有时可用it作形式主语，而将动词-ing形式这个真正的主语置于后面，基本句型是：it+be+形容词/名词+动词-ing形式。如：Its difficult finding your way around here.Its no good complaining.It was a waste of time reading that book.动词-ing-ing形式作主语主语Exploring the rules3.动词-ing形式作主语时，
5、有被动形式。如：Being taken to the zoo is a luxury for kids.Being lost can be a terrifying experience.4.动词-ing形式有时前面还可加物主代词或名词所有格等表示逻辑上的主语，构成复合结构。如：Your denying everything will get you nowhere.Johns going off in such a hurry is very risky.His making trouble in class annoyed the teacher.动词-ing-ing形式作主语主语Expl
6、oring the rules1.动词-ing形式可以充当动词的宾语以及介词后的宾语。如：We are considering paying a visit to the Science Museum.Im fond of collecting stamps and coins.2.后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,forgive,imagine,include,involve,keep(on),mention,mind,mi
7、ss,postpone,practise,prevent,recall,risk,stand,stop,suggest,understand等。如：I have no choice but to delay putting on the show.My temporary job involves travelling around the world.动词-ing-ing形式作宾语宾语只接动词-ingExploring the rules3.后接动词-ing形式作宾语的短语有：have(no/much/some/.)difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in),tak
8、e pleasure in,spend time/money(in),waste time(in),be worth,be busy,feel like,be committed to,be attached to,cant help等。如：What is worth mentioning is his sincere attitude.It feels like allocating adequate time for each subject is impractical.动词-ing-ing形式作宾语宾语只接动词-ingExploring the rules既可接动词-ing形式又可接不
9、定式（短语）作宾语的动词：begin,start,continue,like,dislike,love,prefer,mean,forget,remember,hate,regret 等。(1)在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用动词-ing形式或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同：动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。(2)在begin,start,continue之后，用动词-ing形式和不定式，意义无区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。(3)在动词forget,remember,regret之后，用动词-ing形式与不定式意义不同：动词-i
10、ng形式表示动作已经发生，不定式表示动作还没发生。TipsExploring the rules4.动词-ing形式作宾语，有被动形式（being done）和完成形式（having done）。如：This question is far from being settled.He went back to London without having achieved any success.5.有时动词-ing形式前还可加物主代词或名词所有格等充当宾语，构成复合结构。如：He strongly objected to your saying that.I never dreamed of
11、its hurting you.You can be sure of his agreeing.动词-ing-ing形式作宾语宾语Exploring the rulesneed,demand,want,require,在表示“需要”时，用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。need/demand/want/require+doing=need/demand/want/require+to be doneeg:The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这辆车需要修理。TipsExploring the ru
12、les1.Do you feel like _(eat)out tonight?2._(read)is a good way to enlarge your vocabulary.3.She didnt remember _(meet)him before.4.He gives people the impression of _(write)many poems.5.No one can avoid _(influence)by advertisements.6.It is a waste of time _(go)to the doctor with most mild complaint
13、s.7._(equip)with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to Chinas young generation.PracticeeatingReadingmeetinghaving writtenbeing influencedgoingBeing equippedExploring the rulesIn Chinas Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,there lived a man named Boya,who was a master of th
14、e qin.Playing the qin was his life.He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.However,Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Zigi.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a p
15、icture of great mountain ranges in his mind.When Boya continued playing,Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.In fact,Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,who never got tired of s
16、haring his music with Zhong Ziqi.The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways,they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.However,Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day.When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death,he was overcome with sorrow.He played High Mo
17、untains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqis grave.After he finished playing the piece,he destroyed the qin and said,“Since the only person that understands my music is gone,its no use keeping the qin.”Exploring the rulesVerb-ing forms as subjects Verb-ing forms as objects Having someone that r
18、eally understood his music pleased Boya,.,its no use keeping the qin.Playing the qin was his life.everyone enjoyed listening.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,.When Boya continued playing,.,who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.before going their separate ways,.Afte
19、r he finished playing the piece,.Working out the rules When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence,we can sometimes use the preparatory subject it at the beginning of the sentence.The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a(1)_ or a(2)_.verb/prepositionpreposition/verbApply
20、ing the rulesB1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks.1.Listen to music is my favourite thing to do._2.I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians._3.Its no use try to play the violin if youre not going to give it your best shot._4.Would you mind to teach me how to p
21、lay the guitar?_5.These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music._ListeningreadingtryingteachingplayingApplying the rulesB2 Below is an article about the music sent into space.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.If you have to choose music from t
22、he Earth to send into space,what music do you think is capable of(1)_(represent)mankind?The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question.In 1977,two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out(2)_(explore)the solar system.On both spacecraft,there is a selection of music from o
23、ur planet.(3)_(send)music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan,who believed intelligent life existed on other planets.The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space(if there is any).A group of scientists and artists got down to(4)_(choos
24、e)suitable music.Of course,they hadrepresentingto exploreSendingchoosingApplying the rulestrouble(5)_(select)which pieces of music to include.In the end,27 different pieces of music(6)_(last)90 minutes were put on the spacecraft.China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu(7)_(play)an ancient
25、piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin.It is said that Boya wrote it.It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft(8)_(enter)the space between the stars.We do not know what will happen in the end,but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.B2 Below
26、is an article about the music sent into space.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.selectinglastingplayingto enterApplying the rulesB3 In pairs,discuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience.Make a list of measures,using verb-ing for
27、ms as subjects or objects.Use the example below to help you.ExampleExampleHolding music festivals will give the public more chances to appreciate Chinese.Applying the rulesB3 In pairs,discuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience.Make a list of measures,using verb-ing
28、 forms as subjects or objects.Use the example below to help you.Organizing traditional music tours around the country might give people more access to traditional Chinese music.Encouraging students to learn how to play traditional Chinese musical instruments can increase appreciation of the music.Th
29、e media companies can contribute by making more documentary films or TV programmes to promote traditional Chinese music.People might benefit from having traditional Chinese music competitions locally or countrywide.Chinese music communities could suggest starting more websites about traditional music.Sample answerWrite several sentences about what kind of music you like best and explain the reasons,using verb-ing forms correctly.
