1、Unit4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usage-V-ed01Content02动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式的句法功能Why in the above five sentences verb-ed forms are used rather than verb-ing forms?Exploring the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb,indicating a(n)(1)_(active/passive)meaning.
2、passiveRule 1Exploring the rulesVerb-ed forms as attributivessomething produced by the mouldVerb-ed forms as adverbialsVerb-ed forms as object complementsthe prepared mindsurprised by thisget its mass production startedExploring the rulesHenry is reading a science magazine article about a world-chan
3、gingdiscovery.Find the verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the tablebelow.The first has been done for you.The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun.It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n)(2)_(relative clause/adverbial clause).relative clauseRule 2Rule 3 The verb-ed form ca
4、n be used as an adverbial or an objectcomplement.Exploring the rulesVerb-ed forms as attributives观察下列句子中动词-ed形式作定语的位置 The results indicated that something produced by the mould hadkilled the bacteria.Fortune favours the prepared mind.单个单个动词动词-ed形式形式作定语，常被置于被修饰词作定语，常被置于被修饰词之之前；前；动词动词-ed形式短语作定语，常被置于被修
5、饰词之后。形式短语作定语，常被置于被修饰词之后。注意注意1：总结总结1：1.过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost(迷路、沉迷);seated(坐);absorbed in(全神贯注于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦)等。如：2.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作五种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如：_(catch)in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(Caught in a heavy r
6、ain相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)Caught _(grow)in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil)Grown表示伴随情况或方式表示伴随情况或方式:The trainer appeared,_(follow)by six little dogs.训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。He wa
7、lked up and down the room,_(lose)in thought.他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。followed lost When _(heat),ice can be changed into water.冰加热时变成水。冰加热时变成水。注意：注意：当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，才可以当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，才可以把从句的主语省略，且省略掉的主语与其逻辑把从句的主语省略，且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态。谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态。heated把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有把状语
8、从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成时还可保留连词，构成“连词连词+过去分词过去分词”结构作状语，即结构作状语，即“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词等连词)+过去分词过去分词”结构。如：结构。如：When _(give)the nucleic acid test,you should keep your mouth wide open.当你做核算检测时要长大嘴巴。当你做核算检测时要长大嘴巴。Though _(beat)by the opposite team,the players didnt lose heart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但
9、他们并尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。没有灰心。givenbeaten现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 与主句主语的逻辑关系的区别。与主句主语的逻辑关系的区别。1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。e.g.He went out,_(shut)the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。他出去后将门随手关上。Not _(know)what to do,he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
10、由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。shuttingknowing2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。_(give)more encouragement,the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。_(face)with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服
11、。GivenFaced_(write)in a hurry,this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。_(read)carefully,he found something he hadnt known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。东西。WrittenReading _(discuss)several times,the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。_(fini
12、sh)his homework,he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。完成了作业，他就回家了。Having finishedHaving been discussedCompare注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。1.Most of the people (invite)to the party are famous scientists.2.The EMS (post)yester
13、day will reach my brother in three days.3.There has been nothing (change)here since I left this city.4.She is a (respect)teacher.invitedposted changedPractice respected4.作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能接过去分词作宾补否认动词主要有两类：感官感官动词和使役使役动词。用法用法例句例句用在表示某种状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。l They
14、 kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了很长一段时间。他们把门锁了很长一段时间。l Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直这样破着。不要让窗户一直这样破着。I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。在”make+宾语+过去分词“结构中，过去分词表示结果。用法用法例句例句“have/get+宾语+过去分词”结构可表示两种含义：使某事被做（让别人做或者主语自己做）。遭
15、遇某种不幸l I had my bike repaired.我让人修了我的自行车。我让人修了我的自行车。l Mary had her watch stolen the other day.玛丽的手表前几天被人偷了。玛丽的手表前几天被人偷了。用在感官动词watch,see,hear,notice,feel等的后面作宾语补足语；此外，find也有此用法。l When we got to school,we saw the gate locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见大门锁着。当我们到学校时，我们看见大门锁着。l We can hear the windows beaten by heavy r
16、ain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。在want,wish,like,expect,oeder等表示“希望，愿望，命令”的动词后作宾补。l I want the car fixed today.我想要这辆汽车今天就被修好。我想要这辆汽车今天就被修好。l Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible.人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。用法用法例句例句在”with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。l The thief was brought
17、 in,with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。l With the difficult problem handled,the boss smiled with satisfaction.解决了这个问题，老板满意地笑了。解决了这个问题，老板满意地笑了。Exercises The meeting room was found thoroughly _(clean)and everything arranged in good order.I would like this matter_(settl
18、e)at once.He got his tooth_(pull)out yesterday.The manager was satisfied to see many new products_(develop)after great effort.cleanedsettledpulleddevelopedsee,hear,watch,feel,notice,etc.+sb do(主动，已发生或经常性动作主动，已发生或经常性动作)+sb doing sth.（主动，正在进行）（主动，正在进行）+sth done (被动）被动）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足
19、语的区别：1.I used to see these boys_(play)on the playground.play2.I saw them _ (play)basketball in the middle of the day today.3.Have you heard this song _(sing)before?playingsung基础知识自测基础知识自测1.2002.新高考全国I卷 But in half the cases she wore a specially_(design)fat suit which increased her weight to 180 poun
20、ds.2.2020.江苏卷 Technological innovations,_(combine)with good marketing,will promote the sales of these products.3.2020.新高考全国I卷 An actor_(hire)by the researchers grabbed her food first.4.2020.全国卷III卷 _(fill)with curiosity,the artist packed his bags and left.5.2020.全国I卷_(publish)in 1964,its his classic
21、 memoir(回忆录)of 1920s Paris.6.2020.全国III卷They make great gifts and you see them many times_(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.designedcombinedhiredFilledPublisheddecoratedI 单句语法填空1._(establish)with part of the heritage of Alfred Bernard Nobel,a famous Swedish chemist,as the fou
22、ndation,the Nobel Prize is divided 2._five awards:physics,chemistry,physiology or medicine,literature and peace.It is awaded to those 3._(make)great contributions to mankind in these fields in the previos year 4._(base)on the annual interest or investment income of the foundation.With a gold medal,c
23、ertificate and prize money 5._(include),the Nobel Prize was first awarded in 1901.Since then,except for 6._(interrupt)years during wartime,the Nobel Prizes 7._(give)in grand ceremonies in Stockholm,Sweden,and Oslo,Norway.People find the award ceremonies 8._(hold)in the afternoon because Nobel passed away at 4:30 p.m.on December10,1896.In order to memorize the scientists 9._(devote)to human progress and civilization,the ceremony was held at the time of his death in 1901.II 语篇填空Establishedintomakingbasedincludedinterruptedhave been givenhelddevoted
